ice class - robert bridges, lloyd's register

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IC E A N D C O L D OPERATIONS L L O Y D ’S REGISTER G u id a n c e fo r Ic e a n d Cold Operations - W in te ris a tio n o f S h ip s when Navigating in C o ld Climates R o b e rt B ridges Lloyd’s R egister S M M 28 th S e p te m b e r 2006

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IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N S

L L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

G u id a n c e fo r Ic e a n d C o ld O p e r a t io n s

- W in te r is a t io n o f S h ip s w h e n N a v ig a t in g in C o ld C l im a te s

R o b e r t B r id g e s

Lloyd’s RegisterS M M 28 t h S e p te m b e r 2 006

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

T o d a y ’s p r e s e n ta t io n

• T h e d e m a n d s a n d c h a n g e s o f th e s h ip p in g in d u s t r y

• O u r r e s p o n s e to th e c h a n g e s - th r e e e le m e n t s

• I c e o p e r a t io n s - ic e c la s s

• C o ld o p e r a t io n s - w in t e r is a t io n

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

G ro w in g in te r e s t in ic e -c la s s s h ip s

TradeWinds, 12 December 2003TradeWinds, 12 December 2003

Lloyd’s List, 2 April 2004Lloyd’s List, 2 April 2004

Neste Oil’s Neste Oil’s TemperaTempera, first Aframax with Ice Class 1AS, 2002, first Aframax with Ice Class 1AS, 2002

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

I n c r e a s e d in te r e s t in ic e r e la te d t r a d e s

• S hipments from North Baltic• L o w te m p e r a t u r e s /ic e fo rm a t io n

d u r in g t h e w in t e r• U p to a f r a m a x s iz e

• S hipments from the Arctic • H a r s h c l im a te is a r e a l c h a l le n g e• S h u t t le s , v a r io u s s iz e s , u p t o a f r a m a x• M u rm a n s k (n o rm a l ly ic e f r e e ) t r a n s h ip m e n t s , u p to V L C C s iz e

• S hipments from Russ ian Far East• L o w te m p e r a t u r e s /ic e fo rm a t io n d u r in g th e w in t e r

• L N G c a r r ie r s a n d a f r a m a x s iz e

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

R e s p o n s e to c h a n g e

• T h r e e e le m e n t s o f I c e a n d C o ld O p e r a t io n s

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

I c e O p e r a t io n s - Ic e C la s s

I d e a l f i r s t-y e a r ic e c o n d i t io n s …

… b u t t h e r e a l i t y c o u ld b e w o r s e

W h y d o w e h a v e ic e -c la s s r u le s ? To permit the safe operation of ships in ice-covered sea areasTo permit the safe operation of ships in ice-covered sea areas

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

N e w te c h n ic a l c h a l le n g e s

• S tructural analys is• W id e f r a m e s p a c in g r e q u e s t e d

• E a s e o f m a in t e n a n c e• E a s e o f p r o d u c t io n

• G u id e l in e s d e v e lo p e d b y IA C S a n d F in n is h M a r i t im e A d m in is t r a t io n

• Ice model tests• L e v e l ic e o r b a s e d o n ic e b r e a k e r a s s is t a n c e

(b r a s h ic e )• P e r f o rm a n c e c r i t e r ia – 5 k n o t s (F in n is h

S w e d is h I c e C la s s R u le s )

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

F a t ig u e P e r fo rm a n c e - C y c l ic lo a d s

Navigating in ice creates hull loadings which are of cyclic nature

• I c e b r e a k in g

• B r a s h Ic e

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

S h ip Ic e /S p e e d C u r v e s

• T h e ‘I c e P a s s p o r t ’ w a s d e v is e d o v e r 2 5 y e a r s a g o in R u s s ia b y A A R I

• S im i la r d o c u m e n ts p r o d u c e d b y K r y lo v a n d C N I IM F

• T o d a y C N I IM F a r e th e a p p r o v e d b o d y w i t h in R u s s ia t o p r o d u c e th e ‘I c e C e r t i f i c a t e ’

• I n f o rm a t io n P r o v id e d :

• S p e e d in ic e

• A t t a in a b le s p e e d

• D is t a n c e to v e s s e l a h e a d

• R a d iu s o f c u r v a t u r e o f c o u r s e

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2

h , m

V,

kn

.

Atta in a b le s p e e d

S a fe s p e e d (yie ld c o n d i tio n )

S a fe s p e e d (a l lo w a b le d e fo rm a tio n )

S p e e d l im i t (yie ld c o n d i tio n )

S p e e d l im i t (a l lo w a b le d e fo rm a tio n )

v

h

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

C o ld O p e r a t io n s - W in te r is a t io n

Icin g (Sp ray, sn o w , ra in )

Su b -zero t emp erat u res

Stabilit y

Hull mat erials

Exposed deck equipment

Lif e saving equipment

Sh ip size an d h u llf o rm

Ro u t e

M ach in ery arran g em en t

Crew man ag em en t

Diversit y in Req u irem en t s

What are theWinterisation Rules?

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

T e m p e r a tu r e d e f in i t io n

• H u l l c o n s t r u c t io n m a te r ia ls

• Winterisation H(Tx)• T x is a n a v e r a g e a ir t e m p e r a t u r e

• E q u ip m e n t a n d s y s t e m s

• Winterisation A(Ty)• Winterisation B (Ty)• Winterisation C(Ty)• T y is a lo w e s t a ir t e m p e r a t u r e

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

F r a m e w o r k o f W in te r is a t io n R u le s

T h r e e le v e ls o f r e q u ir e m e n t s d e p e n d a n t o n e n v i r o n m e n t a l s e v e r i t y

-26 and below

Winterisation H(Tx)

Prolonged duration in extreme low temperatures, e.g. ships operating year round in the Arctic or

Antarctic

-46and

belowSevere

Winterisation A(Ty)

-11 to -25

Winterisation H(Tx)

Seasonal duration in cold temperatures, e.g. ships operating continuously in low temperatures during

the winter months

-31to

-45Moderate

Winterisation B(Ty)

Down to -10

Short duration transits in low temperatures, e.g. ships loading/discharging in low temperatures then

sailing to discharging/loading in warmer regions

Downto

-30Mild

Winterisation C(Ty)

Lowest(see 1.5.2)

Average(see 1.5.1)

Likely Operational Scenario

Typical External DesignAir Temperature

deg. CDescriptionWinterisation Level

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

W in te r is a t io n L e v e ls

Optional / separate notations

Route 1Winterisation C(-20)

Route 2Winterisation B(-35)Winterisation H(-15)Ice Class 1AS

Route 3Winterisation A(-45)Winterisation H(-25)Ice Class AC2

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

F r a m e w o r k o f W in te r is a t io n R u le s

C o m p le m e n t e x is t in g in t e r n a t io n a l s t a n d a r d s

Harmonisationof Polar Shipping Rules

IACSUR’s Polar Ships

UR I1Polar Class Description and

ApplicationUR I2

Structural RequirementsUR I3

Machinery requirements

IMOPolar Code

Part AConstruction Requirements

Part BEquipment

Part COperational

LRWinterisation Rules

Environmental Protection EP

Ice Class Rules

National Administration requirements

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

K e y F e a tu r e s o f W in te r is a t io n R u le s

• D e c k e q u ip m e n t a n d s y s t e m s

• Ice removal equipment (e.g. hoses and manual tools)

• Covers• Thermal insulation and heating

arrangements for pipework• Protection of electrical cables• Ballast tank heating• Internal space heating

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

K e y F e a tu r e s o f W in te r is a t io n R u le s

Design ballast waterline

0.3m

0.6m

Distance for plating and stiffeners attachedand contiguous to the exposed boundaryplating

• H u l l c o n s t r u c t io n m a te r ia ls

C la s s I

FHn/aFHn/aEHEEHEDHD45 < t ≤ 50

FHn/aEHEEHEDHDDHD35 < t ≤ 45

EHEEHEDHDDHDDHD30 < t ≤ 35

EHEEHEDHDDHDDHD25 < t ≤ 30

EHEDHDDHDDHDAHB20 < t ≤ 25

EHEDHDDHDAHBAHB15 < t ≤ 20

DHDDHDDHDAHBAHA10 < t ≤ 15

DHDDHDAHBAHAAHAt ≤ 10

HTMSHTMSHTMSHTMSHTMS

-46 deg. C to

-55 deg. C

-36 deg. C

to -45 deg.

C

-26 deg. C

to -35 deg.

C

-20 deg. C

to – 25 deg.

C

-15 deg. C

to -19 deg.

C

Average external design air temperature

Thicknessmm

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

I c in g P r e c a u t io n s a n d C h e c k lis t s

• I c in g p r e c a u t io n s

• S ta b i l i t y

• D r a f t/t r im

• C h e c k l is t

• E n s u r e t h a t th e w in t e r is a t io n a s p e c t s a r e o p e r a t io n a l

• C o n f i rm t o lo c a l A u t h o r i t ie s o r te rm in a l

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

S u m m a r y

L lo y d ’s R e g is te r is c o m m it t e d to :

• I n v o lv e m e n t in ic e r e la t e d p r o je c t s• D e v e lo p in g a n d im p le m e n t in g ic e c la s s

r u le s a n d r e q u i r e m e n t s• P r o v id in g g u id a n c e a n d a d v ic e in ic e

a n d c o ld o p e r a t io n s

F o r fu tu r e g e n e r a t io n s o f ic e c la s s e d s h ip s to :

• P r o m o t e m a r i t im e s a f e t y• S a fe g u a r d th e m a r in e e n v ir o n m e n t

IC E A N D C O L D O P E R A T IO N SL L O Y D ’S R E G IS T E R

T h e L lo y d ’s R e g is t e r G r o u p w o r k s to e n h a n c e s a f e t y a n d a p p r o v e a s s e t s a n d s y s t e m s a t s e a , o n la n d a n d in th e a ir – b e c a u s e l i f e m a t t e r s .

S e r v ic e s a r e p r o v id e d b y m e m b e r s o f th e L lo y d ’s R e g is te r G r o u p L lo y d ’s R e g is t e r , L lo y d ’s R e g is t e r E M E A a n d L lo y d ’s R e g is te r A s ia a r e e x e m p t c h a r i t ie s u n d e r t h e U K C h a r i t ie s A c t 1 9 9 3 .

For more information, please contact:

Robert BridgesR e s e a r c h a n d d e v e lo p m e n t d e p a r tm e n tL lo y d ’s R e g is te r7 1 F e n c h u r c h S tr e e tL o n d o n , E C 3M 4B S

T +4 4 (0)20 74 2 3 1 4 2 2F +4 4 (0)20 74 23 206 1E r o b e r t .b r id g e s@ lr .o r g