icao radio frequency handbook doc 9718 – fifth edition icao radio frequency handbook doc 9718 –...

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookDOC 9718 – Fifth edition

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookDOC 9718 – Fifth edition

Presented by:Loftur JónassonICAO

Nine Chapters:1 – Introduction2 – Objectives and purpose of the Handbook3 – The International Telecommunication Union4 – The ITU Regulatory Framework5 – ICAO involvement in Frequency and Spectrum6 – Overview of the Spectrum Management Process7 – Statement of Frequency Allocations and ICAO Policy8 – Future Spectrum Requirement9 – Interference protection considerations

Organization of the Handbook

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency Handbook

A – Definition and TermsSummary of definitions of terms in the Radio Regulations

B – Acronyms and abbreviations

C – Regulation of Radio in aircraftis addressed under Chapter 4

D – Review and update (of the Handbook)provides a schedule for updating the Handbook to reflect decisions of WRC’s and develop positions for future WRC’s

E – Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO position for ITU World Radiocommunication Conferences

F – ICAO position for WRC-2012 – addressed in separate presentation

G – Technical Information and Frequency Sharing Criteria

H – ITU Resolutions and Recommendations – as contained in the RR

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency Handbook8 Attachments


Introduces the Handbook and highlights:

RF spectrum is a scarce natural resource and must be available to the States and radio services

Competition between users for spectrum

RF spectrum allocations managed by the ITU

Aeronautical spectrum is for safety and efficiency

RF congestion in spectrum utilization

International competition for spectrum allocations

Various processes on spectrum allocations

Chapter 1 - Introduction


• ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations on all telecommunication matters

• ICAO is the specialized agency of the United Nations on aeronautical matters

• ICAO presents the internationally agreed aeronautical requirements (ICAO position) for spectrum to ITU -WRC’s

• ICAO position to be used by aeronautical authorities on a national level

• ICAO position is developed by the Air Navigation Commission

• ICAO position and policy statements are approved by Council

Chapter 2 – Objectives and purposes


• The ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations on all Telecommunication matters.

• Other Organizations such as ICAO are not barred from any kind of work on (aeronautical) telecommunications, including Standardization

• ITU develops the Radio Regulations at World Radiocommunication Conferences.

• Radio Regulations are treaty document and can only be modified at WRC’s

Chapter 3 the International Telecommunication Union


• National Radio Regulatory authorities control the mechanism for developing national proposals to ITU Conferences

• Such proposals take into account the interests of all users of spectrum, including aeronautical interests

• The Radio Regulations also include a number of administrative provisions (e.g. on licensing)

• Technical work in ITU takes place in the Radiocommunication Study Groups

• Regional positions for WRC’s are developed by the Regional Telecommunication organizations.



1 60 º 1 40 º 1 20 º 1 00 º 8 0º 6 0º 4 0º 2 0º 0 º 2 0º 4 0º 6 0º 8 0º 1 00 º 1 20 º 1 40 º 1 60 º 1 80 º 170

º

170º

1 60 º 1 40 º 1 20 º 1 00 º 8 0º 6 0º 4 0º 2 0º 0 º 2 0º 4 0º 6 0º 8 0º 1 00 º 1 20 º 1 40 º 1 60 º 1 80 º

170

º

170º

7 5º7 5º

6 0º6 0º

4 0º4 0º

3 0º3 0º

2 0º2 0º

0 º0 º

4 0º4 0º

3 0º3 0º

2 0º2 0º

6 0º 6 0º

A

A

B

B

C

CREG IO N 3 REG IO N 3

REG IO N 1

REG IO N 2

C ITEL

C ITEL ATU

ASM G

C EPT RC C

APT

Coverage of regions by regional te lecommunication organizations approxim ately



ITU Radio Regulations:•Spectrum allocations•Registration of frequency assignments•Special (administrative) provisions•Frequencies for aviation are for safety •-Spectrum allocations to Services and to each of the three ITU Regions•National or sub-Regional allocations are made through footnotes [to the table of allocations]•Use of HF spectrum is regulated in Appendix 27 to the Radio Regulations

Chapter 4 the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services

Overview of services to which spectrum has been allocated

Radio RegulationsTable of F requency Allocations

Radiocomm unications services

S tandardfrequency

Radioastronom y

Meteoro log icala ids

Am ateur Spaceresearch

E arthexplorat ion

EEsate llite

SRsatellite

A mateursate llite

Specializedservices

Fixed andbroadcastservices

Broadcas t

B roadcastsate llite

MAsatellite

RAsatellite

SFsate llite

F ixed

Inter-sate llite

F ixed-sate llite

Spaceoperations

M obile

M aritime Land A eronautica l

A ero(O R)Aero(R)S hipmovem ent

P ortoperationsGM DSS

Mobile-sate llite

MM sat LM sat AeM sat

A ero M(R) sat

Aero M(O R) sat

Radiodeterm ination

Radio location Radiodeterm ination-sate llite Radionav igat ion

RL sat RN sat Maritim e RN A ero RN

A ero RNsat

M ari RNsat

Radiodeterm inationservices

M obileservices

Aeronautical Communications

-Allocations to the Aeronautical Mobile (R) Service:

-2.8 – 30 MHz (HF bands; regulated under Appendix 27)

-117.975 – 137 MHz

-112 – 117.975 MHz, 960 – 1164 MHz (shared with the Aeronautical Radionavigation Service)

-5091 – 5150 MHz (shared with ARNS , AMS and AMT)

-Appendix 27 to the Radio Regulations contains detailed provisions on the use and coordination of HF frequencies



Allocations for use by radionavigation have been made to the

-Radionavigation Service-Radionavigation-satellite Service-Aeronautical Radionavigation Service

Special provisions require States to remove interference from radionavigation services

Provisions for the identification of radio navigation systems (e.g. The Morse code on ILS) are contained in the Radio Regulations



Relation of ITU provisions with ICAO SARPs

• The ITU Radio Regulations contain the internationally agreed policies on the use of RF spectrum by ALL radio services

• ICAO SARPs that affect the use of RF spectrum must comply with these policies

• Radio Regulations and SARPs form a complimentary set of provisions on the use of RF spectrum by aviation



Frequency coordination and registration

•In principle, coordination of frequency assignments between States to be performed by ITU

•In practice, the coordination of frequency assignments for aviation is performed by ICAO (Regional Offices) for:

NDBILS, VOR, DME, GBASVHF COM

•

•ICAO can assist in pre-coordination of HF frequency assignments



ITU Standards and ITU Recommendations

•ITU does not develop standards for aeronautical radio systems

•ITU develops ITU-R Recommendations which may affect the use of aeronautical systems

•In most cases, ITU-R Recommendations address aspects on sharing of frequency spectrum •(co-frequency and adjacent frequency)



Radio equipment in aircraft (Attachment C to the Handbook)

needs to comply with:

•Telecommunication regulations:Operate in properly allocated aeronautical frequency bandsComply with technical provisions on spurious emissionComply with relevant ITU-R RecommendationsOperate in accordance with a radio station license

•Aeronautical regulationsOperators and station license recognized by StatesEquipment covered by airworthiness certificationComply with provisions of Annex 10



National regulations• National authorities issue radio station licence

License is for the installation and use of radio equipment and is recognized by all ICAO contracting States

• Airworthiness approval required

Airworthiness approval• To secure compatibility with other radio equipment

and electronic systems on board an aircraft • Technical Standing Order• Minimum Performance Specifications



ICAO develops Standards for communication and navigation systems (Article 37 of the ICAO Convention)•Equipment needs to be globally interoperable and requires globally available spectrum allocations

ICAO coordinates aeronautical input on spectrum issues to ITU conferences•Input from ICAO addresses issues such as:

Protection of ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs)Interference levelsResolution of interferenceFrequency planning criteria for aviation


Chapter 5ICAO involvement in frequency planning

ICAO activities on spectrum planning are at:

• Global level (ACP WG F):Develops ICAO policy statements; these are to be used in all discussions affecting aeronautical spectrumICAO position for ITU on specific aeronautical requirements to be discussed at WRC’s

• Regional level:Coordination of ICAO frequency assignment plans

Support from individual ICAO contracting States is essential

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 5ICAO involvement in frequency planning

Regulatory domain• ITU Radio Regulations

Technical domain:• ITU-R Recommendations

Licensing domain:• Radio station licence (issued by States)

Registration domain:• ITU international Frequency list • ICAO frequency lists

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 6Overview of the spectrum management process

Elements of the technical domain:

Allocation planning• World wide or Regional allocations• Primary or secondary allocations• Footnote allocations• Service sharing• ITU-R Recommendations• Frequency planning

ITU frequency assignment plansICAO frequency assignment plans


Chapter 6Overview of the spectrum management process

State of the art and spectrum management:

•Recent advances through increased use of computer technology in frequency assignment planning

•New technology introduces system improvements resulting in more efficient use of spectrum (e.g. 8.33 kHz channel spacing)



Spectrum management in the future:

•Greater demand for spectrum expected from all radio services

•Spectrum planning focuses on increased sharing of spectrum between services

•Spectrum planning focuses on releasing spectrum not used or not efficiently used

•In some countries spectrum pricing is being proposed

•Progressive introduction of more spectrum efficient systems



Section 7-I List of frequency bands for aviation

Section 7-II Civil aviation frequency allocations

Section 7-III Other provisions in the Radio Regulations

Section 7-IV ITU Resolutions and Recommendations


Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy

Section 7-I:

List of frequency bands in use for civil aviation

Band Service Aviation use

Section7-II

page no.

*90–110 kHz RNS LORAN-C 7-15

*130–535 kHz ARNS NDB/locator 7-19

2 850–22 000 kHz AM(R)S Air-ground communications(HF voice and data)

7-31

3 023 and 5 680 kHz AM(R)S Search and rescue 7-41

74.8–75.2 MHz ARNS Marker beacon 7-43

*108–117.975 MHz ARNSAM(R)S

VOR/ILS localizer/GBAS/VDL Mode 4

7-47

*117.975–137 MHz AM(R)S Air-ground and air-air communications

(VHF voice and data)

7-59

121.5, 123.1 and243 MHz

AM(R)S/MSS Emergency frequencies 7-67

328.6–335.4 MHz ARNS ILS glide path 7-69





7 detailed graphical presentations of the aeronautical frequency bands

Section 7-II Civil aviation frequency allocations:

Primary allocationHas priority over a secondary allocation

Secondary allocationShall not cause harmful interference to a primary allocation and must accept interference from a primary allocation – at any time



Frequency distribution to

French English Spanish

ServicesAttribution(attribuer)

Allocation(to allocate)

Atribucion(atribuir)

AreasAllotissement

(allotir)Allotment(to allot)

Adjudicación(adjudicar)

StationsAssignation(assigner)

Assignment(to assign)

Assignations(asignar)

Frequencies are:Allocated to Services (Radio Regulations)Allotted to areas (Radio Regulations; allotment plans)Assigned to [radio] stations –

(by States, after international coordination is completed)



Section 7-II Civil aviation frequency allocations, continued

•Layout in Handbook for details on frequency allocationsITU provisions relevant to the allocationITU provisions relevant to the allocationICAO policy statements (established by Council)Description of aeronautical useCommentary (background information)

Note that in Revision 5 of the Handbook, the below has been moved to Appendix G:

• Reference material - (ICAO, ITU, Industry Standards (RTCA, EUROCAE)

• Interference from non-aeronautical sources (if available)


Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and ICAO policy (6)

MHz108–117.975

Allocation to Services

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3

108–117.975 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION

5.197 5.197A

Footnotes:5.197 Additional allocation: in Pakistan and the Syrian Arab Republic, the band 108–111.975 MHz is also allocated to the mobile service on a secondary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. In order to ensure that harmful interference is not caused to stations of the aeronautical radionavigation service, stations of the mobile service shall not be introduced in the band until it is no longer required for the aeronautical radionavigation service by any administration which may be identified in the application of the procedures invoked under No. 9.21.

5.197A Additional allocation: the band 108-117.975 MHz is also allocated on a primary basis to the aeronautical mobile (R) service, limited to systems operating in accordance with recognized international aeronautical standards. Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 413 (Rev. WRC-07). The use of the band 108-112 MHz by the aeronautical mobile (R) service shall be limited to systems composed of ground-based transmitters and associated receivers that provide navigational information in support of air navigation functions in accordance with recognized international aeronautical standards. (WRC-07)

Example:Frequency allocation for the band 108 -117.975 MHz as per ITU Radio Regulations



ICAO policy statementas approved by Council for the band:108 – 117.975 MHz

ICAO POLICY

•No change to the current allocation to the aeronautical radionavigation service and the aeronautical mobile (route) service (AM(R)S).•Deletion of Footnote 5.197.•Ensure conformity with ITU-R Recommendation SM.1009 regarding compatibility with FM broadcast services in the band 87.5–108 MHz and ILS/VOR and with ITU-R Recommendation M.1841 for GBAS.•Support studies associated with ITU-R Resolution 413 in order to facilitate the use of the frequency band by AM(R)S systems that operate in accordance with international standards.



Aviation use: Description of the systems (ILS, VOR, GBAS and VDL Mode 4) using the band 108 – 117.975 MHz

Commentary: Background information on the use of the band 108 – 117.975 MHz by aviation.



.

M Hz

111

.10

111

.15

111.

35

111

.55

111

.75

111.

95

111

.30

111.

50

111

.70

111

.90

120

.00

110

.95

110

.90

110.

75

110

.70

110

.50

110

.30

110

.10

10

9.9

0

10

9.7

0

10

9.5

0

10

9.3

0

10

9.1

0

10

8.9

0

10

8.7

0

10

8.5

0

10

8.3

0

10

8.1

0

110

.55

110

.35

110

.15

10

9.9

5

10

9.7

5

10

9.5

5

10

9.3

5

109

.15

108

.95

10

8.7

5

10

8.5

5

10

8.3

5

10

8.1

5

10

8.0

0

328

.6

32

9.1

5

329

.30

329

.45

32

9.6

0

329

.75

32

9.9

0

33

0.0

5

330

.20

330

.35

330

.50

330

.65

330

.80

33

0.9

5

331

.10

331

.25

331

.40

331

.55

331

.70

331

.85

33

2.0

0

332

.15

332

.30

33

2.4

5

33

2.6

0

332

.75

33

2.9

0

33

3.0

5

33

3.2

0

33

3.3

5

33

3.5

0

33

3.6

5

333

.80

333

.95

33

4.1

0

33

4.2

5

33

4.4

0

33

4.5

5

33

4.7

0

33

4.8

5

33

5.0

0

335

.4



Additional Technical References in Attachment G:

References to relevant material in:ICAO Annex 10 - (specifications for ILS, VOR, GBAS and VDL Mode 4)RTCA and EUROCAE standards for airborne equipmentARINC CharacteristicsITU-R Recommendations

References to information specific to interference from FM broadcasting stations



Section 7-III; Radio Regulations and other material:

•ITU Constitution and Convention ICAO participates as an observer in an advisory capacity

•Radio Regulations Administrative provisionsNo. 3.3 – incorporate technical means to reduce interference

No. 4.4 – States can use frequencies in a manner that does not comply with the Radio Regulations – However, such use must

protect stations which operate in compliance with the Radio Regulations

No. 4.10 – States recognize the safety aspects of radionavigation

No. 15.8 – Special consideration to be given to avoid interference on distress and safety services

Chapter V Section III – Formation of call signs

No. 44.1 – Order of priority of communications



The Handbook identifies future spectrum requirements for:

• GNSS augmentationGBAS SBASLAAS/WAAS

• Synthetic vision• HF data link • VDL Mode 4• ADS-B• Future Communication Systems


Chapter 8Future Spectrum Requirements

Interference issues:

• Regulatory aspects

• Management and control of interference

• Assessment of protection of aeronautical services

• Some special cases

• General protection limits for aeronautical services


Chapter 9Interference protection considerations

Regulatory aspects:Harmful interference (RR1.169)

Interference which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation service or of other safety services or seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service operating in accordance with Radio Regulations (CS).

Safety Service (RR 1.59)Any radiocommunication service used permanently or temporarily for the safeguarding of human life and property.

Aviation safety factor6dB, to be added to the minimum protection level

Registration of frequenciesRegistration provides administrative protection from harmful interference



Management and control of interference:

International agreement on a regulatory basisITU Radio Regulations Board

System and equipment standardsICAO SARPsRTCA and EUROCAE specificationsITU-R Recommendations

Licensing of radio servicesLicensing conditions can assist in prevention and removal of interference

Control and clearance of interferenceTelecommunication authority within a StateICAO (Regional Office)ITU (Radiocommunication Bureau)

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 9Interference protection considerations

Assessment of protection of aeronautical services:

•Subject to analysis (e.g. in case of allocation sharing)Based on interference threshold, established by aviationAviation safety factor (6 dB)

•Variables to be considered in assessment / analysisSource of interferenceFrequency separationDistance separationReceiver susceptibility to interferenceRF propagation



Some special cases:Some special cases:

•ISM

Harmonic relation between ISM frequencies and aeronautical VHF bands

•VSAT /SNGThese systems use small satellite antennas and can be located anywhere; can cause interference in the near vicinity of aircraft

(e.g. if used at airports)



General protection limits for aeronautical services

•Limits apply only to intra-system interference; can not be used for assessing interference with other systems

Use Frequency Band

MinimumSignal

dB (uV/m)

System PlanningProtectionRatio DB

SuggestedMaximumLevel of

InterferingSignal DB

(uV/m)

1 Omega 10–14 KHz

2 NDB 190–850 KHz 37 (1) 15 16

3 HF Comms 2.8–22 MHz 15

4 ILS Mkr Beacon 74.8–75.2 MHz 46 (1) 20 20

5 ILS Localizer 108–112 MHz 40 (1) 20 14

6 VOR 108–118 MHz 39 (1) 20 13

7 VHF Comms 118–137 MHz 37 (1) 14 17

8 ILS Glide Path 328.6–335.4 MHz 52 (1) 20 26

9 ELT 406 MHz

10 DME 960–1 215 MHz 71 (1) 8 57

11 SSR 1 030–1 090 MHz

12 Primary Radar(23 cm)

1 215–1 350 MHz

13 Satcom (S to E) 1 545–1 555 MHz

14 GPS 1 559–1 610 MHz –160 dBW (3) –137 (2)

15 GLONASS 1 559–1 610 MHz –160 dBW (3) –137 (2)



icao radio frequency handbook doc 9718 – fifth edition icao radio frequency handbook doc 9718 –...

Documents

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itu aeronautical spectrum

radio regulations chapter

icao policy

aeronautical matters

icao involvement

itu wrcs icao position

radio services competition