Hormones

The Final SL lesson EVER !!!

Where do they come from ?

What do they do ?

• Hormones are the body’s chemical messengers. They regulate cell death, stimulate and inhibit growth, suppress the immune system, regulate metabolism. They also control reproductive cycles.

Give me an example

• Adrenalin or more properly epinepherine is secreted by the adrenal glands. It is responsible for the regulation of heart beat and rate of release of glucose into the blood stream.

And another

• Thyroxine is produced in the thyroid gland and regulates body metabolism. If there is an absence of this molecule, a lack being hypothyroidism, and an excess hyperthyroidism.

WOW ! ADH – antidiuretic hormone

Insulin

That’s crazy – what does insulin do ?

• Insulin functions to control blood glucose concentration, When released it stimulates cells in the liver and muscles to take up glucose and store it as glycogen.

• Insulin is used in diabetic therapy.

Aldosterone

• This regulates the readsorption of NaCl in the kidney and increases loss of potassium ions. Aldosterone also controls swelling in the uterus.

Sex Hormones

• Common backbone with the other steroids such as cholesterol ……

Male Sex Hormone

• Testosterone is responsible male sexual characteristics.

Female Sex Hormones

Mode of action oral contraceptives

• At beginning of menstrual cycle oestradoil is released.• Egg is released and uterus wall thickens.• Oestradiol production stops progesterone is produced.• Egg transferred to uterus.• If fertilisation occurs leads to increase in hormone

production.• Otherwise mensturation begins because hormone levels

fall.• Oral contraceptives have both hormones no eggs

produced.

Steroids

• Use – bone marrow stimulation, growth stimulation, stimulate appetite, induction or delay of puberty

• Abuse – to give competitive edge, or assist in recovery.

• Males ; Liver damage, shrinking of the testes, baldness, breast development, and infertility.

• Females ; facial hair growth, menstrual changes, baldness and deepened voice.