SMART VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM USING GSM, GPS AND RC5 Shreya Kaushal1, Kavita Rahega2

IET Bhaddal Technical Campus, Ropar1

Gurukul Vidyapeeth Institute of Engineering and Technology2

Abstract Currently almost of the public having an own vehicle, theft is happening on parking and sometimes driving insecurity places. The safe of vehicles is extremely essential for public vehicles. Vehicle tracking and locking system installed in the vehicle, to track the place and locking engine motor. The place of the vehicle identified using Global Positioning system (GPS) and Global system mobile communication (GSM). These systems constantly watch a moving Vehicle and report the status on demand. When the theft identified, the microcontroller automatically sends SMS to the authorized person, while as the microcontroller also stops the engine motor. Authorized person has nothing to do in such a smart system. The whole work is done by the microcontroller itself. Once the Car is locked using a remote, on theft attempt an automatic message is sent to the car owner along with the car location. The GPS/GSM Based System is one of the most important systems, which integrate both GSM and GPS technologies. It is necessary due to the many of applications of both GSM and GPS systems and the wide usage of them by millions of people throughout the world. 1. Introduction GSM and GPS based vehicle location and tracking system will provide effective, real time vehicle location, mapping and reporting this information value and add by improving the level of service provided. A GPS-based vehicle tracking system will inform where your vehicle is and where it has been, how long it has been. The system uses geographic position and time information from the Global Positioning Satellites. The system has an "On- Board Module" which resides in the vehicle to be tracked and a "Base Station" that monitors data from the various vehicles. The On-Board module consists of GPS receiver, a GSM modem Various problems that we face: 1. In critical condition (when vehicle is stolen), one is confused what to do, 2. If one has something expensive and he wants to check it regularly , 3. To find the shortest path available. This system has Global Positioning System (GPS) which will receive the coordinates from the satellites among other critical information. Tracking system is very important in modern world. This can be useful in soldier monitoring,

tracking of the theft vehicle and various other applications. The system is microcontroller based that consists of a global positioning system (GPS) and global system for mobile communication (GSM). This project uses only one GPS device and a two way communication process is achieved using a GSM modem. GSM modem, provided with a SIM card uses the same communication process as we are using in regular phone. This system is user friendly, easily installable, easily accessible and can be used for various other purposes. The system allows to track the target anytime and anywhere in any weather conditions. The applications include monitoring driving performance of a parent with a teen driver. Vehicle tracking systems accepted in consumer vehicles as a theft prevention and retrieval device. If the theft identified, the system sends the SMS to the vehicle owner, once the car has been locked. 2. The two modules of the GPS based navigation system The project can be divided into two basic modules: 1. The GPS reception system: This is the main module. This consists of building the hardware for reception of data from satellites through a GPS receiver, synchronizing the receiver with the satellite through G-monitor software, extracting appropriate data from GPS receiver once it has been synchronized, calculating Indian Standard Time (IST) and displaying the data on a LCD screen. 2. Tracking of a target location: This consists of designing the Visual Basic Interface, extracting relevant positional data from microcontroller, comparing target location and current location and tracking by a vehicle as a result of this comparison. 2.1 Requirements of the system The hardware elements used for the two modules are: GPS receiver, GPS antenna, UART 16C550, PIC 16F73, LCD Screen, A toy vehicle. 2.2 The software used is: 1. MPLAB IDE for the assembly language coding of PIC16F73 2. PicKit programming software The hardware setup for synchronizing the GPS receiver is very simple. We have to connect a GPS antenna to the receiver and interface the receiver to a computer through a MAX 232 chip. Then we use

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International Conference on Advancements in Engineering Research

ISBN NO : 378 - 26 - 138420 - 8

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the Gmonitor software to synchronize the GPS receiver with the satellites.

Figure 1. Block Diagram of Transmitting unit

Figure 2. Block Diagram of Receiver unit. The antenna used for reception of information from GPS satellites is the “GPS Smart Antenna”. This antenna is used to establish contact by the GPS receiver with the satellites. It has a magnet base which helps in easy mounting. Once the antenna has been positioned properly and connected with the GPS receiver, we can start synchronizing the GPS receiver with the satellites through Gmonitor software. The GPS receiver used is the “GPS-MS1E”- a fully self controlled receiver module for Global Positioning System manufactured by SiRF technology, Inc.Nowadays, data is relayed according to NMEA-0183 specification. NMEA has several data sets. In our application, we make use of the RMC- Recommended Minimum Specific data set. RMC data set: the RMC data set contains information on time, latitude, longitude, height, system status, speed, course and date. This data set is relayed by all GPS receivers.Now that the GPS receiver is receiving valid data, we proceed to connect the GPS receiver to the PIC18F452microcontroller through UART16C550. Once this is accomplished, we then proceed to display the appropriate data on an LCD. 3. Proposed Circuit Diagram The circuit diagram of the vehicle tracking and locking embedded system using GPS and GSM technology is shown in Fig. The compact circuitry is built around PIC 16F73 Microcontroller. The PIC16F73 is a low power; high performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8 kB of Flash

programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). It has 256 bytes of RAM, 32 input/output (I/O) lines, three 16-bit timers/ counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture a full-duplex serial port, an on-chip oscillator and clock circuit. The system clock also plays a significant role in operation of the microcontroller. An 10 MHz quartz crystal connected to pins 18 and 19 provides basic clock to the microcontroller. Power-on reset is provided by the combination of electrolytic capacitor C3 and resistor R1. Port pins P2.0 through P2.7 of the microcontroller are connected to data port pins D0 through D7 of the LCD, respectively. Port pins P0.5, P0.6 and P0.7 of the microcontroller are connected to Register-select (RS), Read / write (RW) and enable (E) pins of the LCD, respectively. All the data is sent to the LCD in ASCII format for display. Only the commands are sent in hex form. Register-select (RS) signal is used to distinguish between data (RS=1) and command (RS=0). Preset RV1 is used to control the contrast of the LCD. Resistor 10k limits the current through the backlight of the LCD. Port pins P3.0 (RXD) and P3.1 (TXD) of the microcontroller are used to interface with the RFID reader through RS232 and GSM Modem are used to interface through Max232. Port pins from P1.0 to P2.7 of the microcontroller are connected to keyboard. The GPS and GSM are used to connect through RXD and TXD pins of the microcontroller for further processing. Using RC5, the car is locked and GSM module is used to send SMS if a theft attempt is detected. If unauthorized person enter into the car, the microcontroller checks whether the car is still in locked condition, if yes it senses the theft attempt and locks the car then the controller issues the message about the location of the vehicle to car owner or authorized person. To open the door or to restart the engine authorized person needs to unlock the car. In this method, tracking of vehicle location easy and also engine(s) are locked automatically thereby thief cannot get away from the car.

Figure 3. circuit diagram of vehicle tracking and locking embedded system using GPS and GSM technology

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4. Hardware Design PIC16F73 microcontroller is the heart of the project that is used for interfacing. Two pins are VCC pins and other two pins are at ground. Pin 9 is reset pin. A crystal oscillator of 10 MHz is connected to the microcontroller. RS-232 protocol is used as serial communication between the microcontroller, GPS and GSM modem. A serial driver MAX232, 16 pin IC is used for converting RS-232 voltage levels into TTL voltage levels. There are four electrolytic capacitors which are used with MAX232. A 12V battery is used to power the circuit. A 7805 regulator is used to convert 12V into 5V. The microcontroller and MAX232 are powered by 5V. LED indicates the presence of power supply.

Figure 3.Block diagram of Vehicle tracking and locking system based on GSM, GPS and RC5 5. Debugging and Testing Process A microcontroller-based system is a complex activity that involves hardware and software interfacing with the external world. Doing well design of a microcontroller-based system requires skills to use the variety of debugging and testing tools available. The debugging and testing of microcontroller-based systems divided into two groups: software-only tools and software-hardware tools. Software-only tools come as monitors and simulators, which are independent of the hardware under development. Software-hardware tools are usually hardware dependent, more expensive and range from in-circuit emulators and in-circuit simulators to in-circuit debuggers. In general, the higher the level of integration with the target hardware, the greater the benefit of a tool, resulting in a shorter development time, but the greater the cost as well. The factors to consider when choosing a debugging tool are cost, ease of use and the features offered during the debugging process. The user program operated in a simulated environment where the user can insert breakpoints within the code to stop the code and then analyze the internal registers and memory, display and change the values of program variables and so on.

Incorrect logic or errors in computations can analyze by stepping through the code in simulation. Simulators run at speeds 100 to 1000 times slower than the actual micro controller hardware and, thus, long time delays should avoid when simulating a program. Micro controller-based systems usually have interfaces to various external devices such as motors, I/O ports, timers, A/D converters, displays, push buttons, sensors and signal generators, which are usually difficult to simulate. Some advanced simulators, such as the Proteus from Lab center Electronics allow the simulation of various peripheral devices. Inputs to the simulator can come from files that may store complex digital I/O signals and waveforms. Outputs can be as form of digital data or waveforms, usually stored in a file, or displayed on a screen. Some simulators accept only the assembly language of the target microcontroller. It has become necessary to simulate a program has written in a high-level language. The software program has been written in C or assembly language and compiled using MPLAB 8.0 software. After compiler operation, the hex code generated and stored in the computer. The hex code of the program should be loaded into the PIC16f73 micro controller by using Top win Universal programmer. 6. Hardware Assembling and Testing: First step, we need to make single side PCB layout for the given circuit diagram. After made the PCB the following process is required to complete the project:- 1. Assemble all the components on the PCB based on circuit diagram. 2. This will Include Power Supply, Controller circuit, 16×2 LCD, TSOP 1738, IC L293D, DC geared motor and the required components like Chassis, Chester wheel and dummy motor 3. TX and RX pins of the GSM modem to RX and TX Pins of Micro controller respectively. 4. L293D is 16 pin IC whose pins are connected to +5V Ground (0V) and different pins of the micro controller while a few a left behind or not connected. 5. The various Pins of PiC 16f73 are connected to power supply, IC L293D, LED‟s ( to check the various responses), TSOP 1738 (used to receive signals from a Remote control), LCD (16×2 i.e., 16 characters in 2 lines each) and to the two modules viz., GSM and GPS modules. 6. Insert a valid SIM in the GSM modem. 7. Connect the GPS module according to circuit diagram. 8. The power supply consists of three 4V, 1 Amp rechargeable batteries which provide supply to the whole circuit and can be recharged by connecting the output of the batteries to the input of 12V regulator (7805). Positive output of the battery to

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International Conference on Advancements in Engineering Research

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the 12V input of the 7805 regulator and negative output to the ground of 7805 regulator. The project is implemented and tested successfully. This system is very useful and secure for car owners.

Figure 4. Hardware Design of the System 7. Objective and Future Scope The objective of the project is to build an additional feature to the present security system that will warn the owner of the vehicle by sending SMS when there has been an intrusion into the vehicle and to provide a solution to avoid car stolen in the lower cost than advance security car system. The project is all about controlling theft of a vehicle. The system is about making vehicle more secure by the use of GPS and GSM technology. The other objectives may include:- 1. Developing Automatic Vehicle Location system using GPS for positioning information and GSM/GPRS or information transmission with following features. 2. Acquisition of vehicle’s location information (latitude longitude) after specified time interval. 3. Transmission of vehicle’s location and other information (including ignition status, door open/close status) to the monitoring station/Tracking server after specified interval of time. This project can be further enhanced by the use of camera and by developing a mobile based application to get the real time view of the vehicle instead to check it on PC, which would be more convenient for the user to track the target and to provide a solution to avoid car stolen in the lower cost than advance security car system 8. Conclusion Tracking system is becoming increasingly important in large cities and it is more secured than other systems. It is completely integrated so that

once it is implemented in all vehicles, then it is possible to track anytime from anywhere. It has real-time capability, emerges in order to strengthen the relations among people, vehicle and road by putting modern information technologies together and able to forms a real time accurate, effective comprehensive transportation system. In this paper, we have proposed a novel method of vehicle tracking and locking systems used to track the theft vehicle by using GPS and GSM technology. When the car is locked using a remote, engines are automatically locked. In case a theft is identified by the microcontroller, it sends the exact location of the vehicle to the owner and also engines remain in the same condition i.e., Locked. When the theft identified, the responsible people does not have to anything as the system is pretty smart that it automatically sends SMS to the authorized person, then issue the control signals to stop the engine motor. After that all the doors locked. To open the doors or to restart the engine authorized person needs to unlock the car using the remote. In this method, one can easily track the vehicle anytime and anywhere in any weather References:- 1. Asaad M. J. Al-Hindawi, Ibraheem Talib, “Experimentally Evaluation of GPS/GSM Based System Design”, Journal of Electronic Systems Vol. 2 No- 2 pp-230-233, June 2012. 2. Albert Alexe, R.Ezhilarasie, “Cloud Computing Based Vehicle Tracking Information Systems”, IJCST Vol. 2, Issue 1,pp 432-446 March 2011. 3. Chen Peijiang, Jiang Xuehua, “Design and Implementation of Remote monitoring system based on GSM,” IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol.42, pp.167-175. 2008. 4. Yusnita Rahayu and Fariza N. Mustapa A Secure Parking Reservation System Using GSM Technology International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 4, July 2013. 5. Albert Alexe, R.Ezhilarasie, “Cloud Computing Based Vehicle Tracking Information Systems”, IJCST, ISSN: 2229-4333, Vol. 2, Issue 1, March 2011. 6. Kai-Tai Song, Chih-Chieh Yang, of National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, “Front Vehicle Tracking Using Scene Analysis”, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics & Automation 2005.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

International Conference on Advancements in Engineering Research

ISBN NO : 378 - 26 - 138420 - 8

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