I walkedThey ate

She sangWe laughed

He studied

You wrote

You left

The passato prossimo is the SIMPLE PAST TENSE in Italian.

It expresses actions that have been completed and are no longer happening.

The passato prossimo is equivalent to the ending “-ed” in English

Per esempio:

I walked to school.

She left for work

They danced at the party

She laughed at the joke.

I walked to school. She left for work

They danced at the party She spoke at the meeting.

2. Is the action still happening?

1. Is there an –ed on the end?

Now that you understand WHAT the passato prossimo expresses…

Let’s conjugate!

In Order to use the passato prossimo you need…

Helping Verb

Helping Verb

Past Participle

Past Participle

+

A Helping verb is used in the Passato Prossimo to tell you WHO did the action

We use either…

io noi

tu voi

lui / lei loro

io noi

tu voi

lui / lei loro

The past participle is the verb.

It tells you what action was done.

It is semi-equivalent to the –ed ending in English.

Examples:

walked

talked

danced

studiedlived

opened

laughed

jumped

listened

Step 1: Take the infinitive of the verb

The verb when it is not conjugated.

Meaning it still has the ARE, ERE or IRE ending

Step 2: Remove the ARE , ERE, IRE ending of the verb

Step 3: Add the past participle endings

If the verb ends in: Add this ending:

IRE

ERE

ARE ATO

UTO

ITO

Parlare

Parlare

Parlato

To form the passato prossimo… know the formula:

(ATO, UTO, ITO)

Follow these steps, to fill in the formula:

WHAT verb are you using?&

WHO are you conjugating for? (io,tu, lui,lei, noi, voi, loro)

Conjugate AVERE for the subject you chose in step 1.

ho abbiamohai aveteha hanno

Take the verb (in this case, that action that is

completed) and form it into an…

ATO, UTO, ITO

Nowwww, follow the steps to say:

We cooked dinner.

WHAT verb are you using?&

WHO are you conjugating for? (io,tu, lui,lei, noi, voi, loro)

Conjugate AVERE for the subject you chose in step 1.

Take the verb & make itinto a Past Participle.

cucinare

noi

cucinare cucinato

We cooked dinner = Avere + Past Participle

1. Ieri sera, io ___________________________ (mangiare) pizza per la cena.

2. La settimana scorsa tu ____________________ (giocare) a baseball.

3. Ieri Mario ______________________ (chiamare) suo nonno.

4. Caterina _______________________ (camminare) a scuola lunedi’.

5. Noi __________________________ (guardare) un film sabato.

6. Voi ____________________________ (parlare) con il professore dopo classe.

7. Marco e Carla _______________________ (dormire) tardi domenica mattina.

Not ALL past participles end in ATO, UTO or ITO.Not ALL past participles end in ATO, UTO or ITO.(you didn’t think you were going to get away that easy did you???)

Some past participles are irregular... Unfortunately there are no tricks,

no secrets,no easy way out…

JUST MEMORIZE THEM!!!

aprire

bere

chiedere

chiudere

conoscere

correre

decidere

dire

fare

prendere

ridere

rimanere

rispondere

rompere

scendere

scrivere

sorridere

spendere

vedere

venire

vincere

vivere

leggere

mettere

morire

nascere

perdere

On the next slide you will see ONLY the irregular pp’s that take Avere

aprire -

bere -

chiedere -

chiudere -

conoscere -

correre -

decidere -

dire -

fare -

leggere -

mettere -

perdere -

prendere -

ridere -

rispondere -

scrivere -

sorridere -

spendere -

vedere -

vincere -

vivere -

aperto

bevuto

chiesto

chiuso

conosciuto

corso

deciso

detto

fatto

letto

messo

perso

preso

riso

risposto

scritto

sorriso

speso

visto

vinto

vissuto

1. La settimana scorsa, io ___________________________ (vedere) un film.

2. Ieri, tu ____________________ (leggere) un libro.

3. Ieri Mario ______________________ (correre) dopo scuola.

4. Caterina _______________________ (scrivere) un racconto.

5. Noi __________________________ (fare) il compito ieri sera..

6. Voi ____________________________ (perdere) le chiave!

7. Marco e Carla _______________________ (spendere) molti soldi al grande magazzino.

Follow the SAME steps as you did when using Avere, BUT substitute Essereto fill in the formula:

WHAT verb are you using?&

WHO are you conjugating for? (io,tu, lui,lei, noi, voi, loro)

Conjugate ESSERE for the subject you chose in step 1.

sono siamosei sieteè sono

Take the verb (in this case, that action that is completed)

and form it into an… ATO, UTO, ITO

WAIT!!! There’s an extra Step!!(Next slide)

But wait… There’s more!

When using ESSERE you MUST make sure: IFIF you are talking about MORE THAN 1 PERSON :

Or1 boy or 1 girl

You change the last letter of the ATO, UTO, ITO (“pp”) to:

If speaking about 1 girl.

If speaking about

2 or more girls.

If speaking about 1 boy.

If speaking about

2 or more boys.

When using the Passato Prossimo, some verbs will take When using the Passato Prossimo, some verbs will take

ESSEREESSERE as their helping verbs as their helping verbs NOTNOT Avere. Avere.

But SCOTTO!! how will we know!??!?!But SCOTTO!! how will we know!??!?!There are three ways to recognize verbs that There are three ways to recognize verbs that

take Essere in the Past:take Essere in the Past:

G,C,S,BG,C,S,B

Mrs. Vanderpuverscats

Mrs. Vanderpuverscats

The House!

The House!1.

2..

3.

If the meaning of the verb falls into If the meaning of the verb falls into one ofone of

these categories, it most likely takesthese categories, it most likely takesESSERE ESSERE

11

Here is a list of Verbs that use ESSERE as the helping verb:

morire

ritornare

partire

venire

andare

nascere

diventare

essere

rimanere

uscire

vivere

entrare

restare

stare

cadere

arrivare

tornare

Salire

Mrs. Mrs. VanderpuverscatsVanderpuverscats

Ciao! I’m Mrs. VanderpuverscatsThe letters of my name stand for All of the verbs that take ESSERE

in the passato prossimo! Its simple, just memorize!!

22

orireitornarecendere

enirendareascere

iventaressereimanereartirescireiverentrareestaretare

rrivareornare

adere

Don’t forget about my daughterMs. V. Verns! She can help you remember the irregular pp’s that take ESSERE!

alire

orireorire

Ciao studenti! I’m Ms. Vanessa VernsMy name will remind you of the

Irregular past participles that go with ESSERE!

Irregular PP – a past participle thatDoesn’t follow the regular ATO, UTO, ITO formation

cendere

ivere

ssereimanere

tareascere

morto

sceso

vissuto

stato

rimasto

nato

stato

enire venuto

orire

The house of Essere!!!The house of Essere!!!33

Most verbs thatDescribe something

you do in your house, fall into

The House of Essere, therefore, they take

ESSERE in the passato prossimo

(Match up all of the verbs fromMrs. Vanderscupersat,

and relate them to the house!)

1. Ieri sera, Noi ___________________________ (andare) al cinema.

2. Io ______________________________ (mangiare) la pizza.

3. Loro _____________________ (partire) alle sette.

4. Lui __________________________ (parlare) con la mamma.

5. Voi ________________________ (entrare) a casa tardi.

6. Maria _________________________ (bere) una soda con la cena.

7. Tu ________________________ (essere) stanca.

8. Dopo la classe, noi ______________________ (uscire).

9. Io ____________________________ (decidere) di andare alla festa.

Avete finito il ripasso del passato prossimo!

Adesso andate avanti per ripassare gli altri powerpoint.