i oly mpus polarizing microscope bha - alan … mpus polarizing microscope models bha -p&b;h.-p...

I

OLY MPUS POLARIZING MICROSCOPE

MODELS BHA -P&B;H.-P ATTACHMENT

i This instruction rnancral has been written for the use of the Olyn~pus Polarizing Microscope !, Modcl CHA-P and Polarizirl!j Attach~nent Model 131-I-P. I t is recommended to r-ead the I > manual carefully in order to familiarize yourself fully with the use of Ihe microscope on the

! polarizing attachment so lhal you can o b ~ a n the best performance and ~ffectiveness. t

IMPORTANT

Observe the following points carefully:

Operation

1 . Always handle the microscope with the care i t deserves, and avoid abrupt motions.

2. Avoid exposure of the microscope to direct sunlight. dust and vibration.

3. Only use the tension adjustment ring for altering the tension of the coarse adjustment. Do not twist the two coarse adjustment knobs in the opposite directions sirnultane- ously, which might cause damage.

4. Ascertain that the voltage selector switch on the base plate is set t o conform wit11 the local mains voltage.

5. Disconnect the line cord frorn the AC power outlet for fuse replacement.

Maintenance

1 . Lenses must always be kept clean. Fine dust on lens surfaces should be blown or wiped o f f by means of an air blower or a clean brush. Carefi~lly wipe off oil or finger- prints deposited on the lens surfaces with yaclzs moistened with a small amount of xylene, alcohol or ether.

2. Do not use organic solutions lo wipe the surfaces of various components. Plastic parts, especially, should be cleaned with a neutral detergent.

3. Never disassemble the rnicroscope for repair

4. The microscope should be stored in its container immediately aftel- use. l i this i s not possible, i t slioi~ld be covered with ti vinyl dust cover. I t is best to kcap objectives and eyepieces in a desiccator, containing cjcsiccants.

5. Disconnect the line cord frorn the AC power soirrce before fuse replacement.

C O N T E N T S

t. STANDARD EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i t . NOMENCLATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I1 I. ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1V. IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS . . .

V. OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. Electric System

2 , lnterpupillary Distance and Diopter Adjustments . . . . . . . . . .

3. Light Path Selection

4. Centering the Condenser . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Centering the Stage . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. Centering the Objectives

7. Use of Iris Diaphragms

8. Focusing Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9. Orthoscopic Observation

10. Conoscopic Observation . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .

11. Photomicrography

VI. OPTICAL DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VII. TROUBLESHOOTING. . . . . . t . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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1. STANDARD EQUIPMENT

Optional Accessories: Mechanical stage for polarizing use Model AH-FMP Berek cornpensalor Modsl AH-CTP Qhjectivc (srrain-free) P020X

Model

Microscope stand wrth aux~lrary lens BHA-F

Rcvo lving nosepiece RH-PRE

l~itermediate polarizing a~tachmenl AH-PA

Quarter wave plate AH-TPI47

BHA-751-P

J

1

1

BHA-651-P

1

1

1

1 pp

BH-P-1 I

0

1 I 1

Sensrt~ve tint plate (53OrnpCI) AH-TP530

Polarlztng b~necular tube ( 3 0 ~ ) BH-PB 130

Polari~lnq tr~nocular tube (30~1 BH-PTH30

Circular rotatable stage BH-SRP

Swing-out condenser BH -POC

Tungsten lamp house BH-LH

30-watt tungsten filament bulbs LS30

Objecrrves (strain-free)

BH-P-2

0

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

1

3

1

1

PO4 X

POIOX

P040X

PO1 00X Iol l j

0

1

1

1 1 1

1

3

1

' 1

1

1

K5X (with cross hatrs) 1 1 - 1 1 7

WFlOX (with cross ha~rs} 1 1 1 1

Eyepieces WF1 OX (with 1011 00mm micrometer) 1

BIKSX 1 1 1 1

W F l O X 1 1 1 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Photo ~ y e p ~ e c e F K5X 0

0

Spare fuses

F~l te r 45C

Immersion nil I

V~nyt dust cover -

1

1

0

0

0

0

- 2

1

1

1

1 1 0 - 2 0

I

1 I 0 1

0 ' ,!

0

1

\

1

1

0

1

1

1

1

t

1

1

0 0

0 0

I I . NOMENCLATURE

Base 1

I l l . ASSEMBLY

Tfic 141ctl1re i ~ c l o w 11111~t~atCs the scq~lerit idl ~prncodr~r 1% ol assernbly T!ie nt~nhrvc ~ n d t c r l t ~

the assembly cjrrlnr o l vilrlous colnponenls. Rel~iove dust caps before mounting Lurnpunents.

Take cars lo Ireep all glaqs surfaces cleat), and avalcl si.4 al~4t111g tlie srrr faces.

0 Eyepiece Insert the objective 1 0 X inlo t h e fixed aperture of the nosepiece.

$1 Objective "I @ Qbservat~on tu11e Clamping screw

Quarter wave plate

Sensitive rint @j lntermedrate Dolarizing tube plate Attach the tube to the stand -- wrth rhe letters "OLYMPUS"

Berek facing in front of the micro-

compensator scope (or align the r e d dots).

(TI Mechanical stage I 0 Nosepiece \ k---

Rotatable stage

M~croscops stand

@ Lamp house

Insert the two pins 01 the aux~liary lens ~nto the bush. rng5 on the microscoae stand unt~ l the lens clicks into position. w ~ t h the convex surface (with engraving "UPS1DE") tac~ng upward.

Align~ng red dots, on condenser mount and condenser, Insert the condenser inro the mount

Prior to mounting the stage. rack down the condenser mount all the way. To rernwe the stage, (*move rhe cbn- denser f i rs[ .

Insert the lamp house and pres- sing the clamping screw at the bottom of the base, rotate he lamp house until the locating hole and clamplng screw are al~sned.

, Electr~c connection

1 ) Pluq 111 11i( ! t:o~hnr?ct~ng cord of t h ~ l a r i ~ p hocrsc 10 ~ h c r~ccptactr: a t tho back of the b d s ~

2 ) Inscr i onc plz~g o l the linc cord to the Illis cord socket on rhe llasc and coiincct the orher or lug to rhe AC [lnwer outlet.

; )

IV. IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS

L ~ g h t p a t h selector kr~ol )

/ Pull out the selector knob all the way for photomicrography.

Analy ic l - scaic

Tension adjustment r ing

Arrow mark ~ndicates Increase in coarse adjustment tension.

Voltmeter

\ SIlcIinq c o n t ~ ~ o l lever For cont~nuously variable light intensity.

\ L ~ i c v o l ~ ~ g ~ selector switch

Mer.lianical tube length adjust-

Clarnping screw for mechanical stage ngraved letters " IN" for in-

sertion of Bertrand lens into the light path; "OUT" for removal of the Bertrand lens f rom the light path.

45' click stop lever

Clamping screw for stage

uated.

Filter mount

Polarizer scale

Reading to 5'. Field iris diaphragm ring

Polarirer rotation ring

Rheostat trimmer screw

screwdriver until the vo l tmeter indicates IV , with the s l id~ng control lever positioned closest to vou (low voltage).

Larnp house clamping screw

Nosepiece clamping

Automatic

the cap of the fuse holder, and replace the defective fuse w i t h a replacement fuse. (Disconnect BEFORE RE- PLACEMENT.)

A. Match the line voltage selector switch to local mains voltage (see page 6).

Summary of Putting the Microscope in Operation

B. Switch on the light source.

Model BHA-P

C. Rotate the trimmer screw until the voltmeter indicates 1V (page 9)

D. Place a specirnen slide on the mechanical stage.

E. Remove the Bertrand lens and analyzer from the ligh! path.

F. Coarse focc~s with the 10X objective.

G. Make interpirpillary and diopter adjustments (page 10)

H. Center the condenser (page 10)

I. Center the stage (page 12).

J. Center objectives other than 10X (page 12)

K. Swing in the desired objective.

L. Set the condenser, analyzer and Bertrand lens correctly according to your microscopic purpose (pages 13 and 14).

M. Adjust illumination system.

N. Adjust light intensity.

0. Fine focus.

P. Adjust aperture iris diaphragm and field iris diaphragm (page 12).

( Adjustment of illumination system I

For biological use o l the Moclel BHA-P, however, remove the analyzer, Bertrand lens and sensitive tint plates, and place the high/low magnification selector lever into the "L" position lor 4 X and lox, aricl the "H" positior? for 2 0 X . 40X and 100X object~ves.

Microscopic

Orthoscopic observation

Conoscopic observation

* Cut o f f this page at dotted line and put ~t on the wall near the microscope for use as a reminder o f microscopic procedure.

Objective

4 X to 100X

20X to 100X

Intermediate polarizing attachment

OUT

IN r

Conder~ser top lens

OUT

IN

Highllow magnification selector lever

L

H

V. OPERATION

1. Electric System

1) Adjustment of Light Intensity The rninimum voltage required for the light source can be adjusted wi th the rheostat trimmer screw at the bottorri of the microscope base in accordance wi th the line voltage and frequency. A silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is provided lor output voltage control. The SCR has the following advantages over conventional rheostat cor-itrols.

@ Extremely fine adjustment of light intensity can be easily achieved

@ Flickering of the bulb filament is elirninated and light intensity is stabilized.

@ Increased life expectancy o f the bulb.

2) Adjustment of Minimum Line Voltage

@ Ascertain that the voltage selector switch is set to conform wi th the local mains voltage. (This switch can be turned wi th a coin, and can be set to the following voltages: 100V-110V-I 20V or 220V-240V.)

(3 Ascertain that the sliding control lever is positioned closest to you ( low voltage), and then activate the main switch. The pi lot lan-ip lights up.

@ If the bulb is dimnily l i t , and the voltmeter indicates about I V , the secondary voltage is correct, and you have only to push the sliding control lever forward in order to obtain optimum light intensity.

@ I f the bulb does not light or lights up brightly immediately after switching on, rotate the rheostat trimmer screw gradually w ~ t h a coin, until the voltmeter indicates about 1V.

3) Light Source The standard light source incorporates a 30W pre-centered tungsten filament bulb, provided with a socket for positive contact, eliminating the problems of defective contact and over-heating. When used at the rated voltage 6V. the aver-age lrfe of the tungsten bulb LS30 is longer than 200 hours. This is,.however, greatly reduced, i f the bulb is used at higher voltage; for instance, the bulb life is reduced to 1/50 at 8V. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid prolonged use at readings over 6V ( i n the red rorie). I f the light source should be used at high voltage constantly, i t is reconirnended to usea high intensity halogen bulb.

* Do not switch the tungsten bulb on &ith the sliding control lever at high intensity posi- t ion (away from the user). I t reduces bulb life.

2. lnterpupillary Distance and Diopter Adjustments

1 ) Insert the eyepiece v ~ i t h cross hairs of your choice into tile right eyepiece tube, align~ng the positioning slot @ and position~ng pi11 @ . (Fig. 1 )

* When the eyepiece positioning pin is inserted into the lower slot on the tube, the cross lines in the eyepiece coincide with the vibration direction of polarizer and analyzer at 0 settings. When inserted into the other slot, the cross lines are at 45O to the direction of vibration.

2) Looking through the iight eyepiece (with cross hairs) with your right eye, rotate the d~opter adjustment ring @ unti l the cross hairs are sharpty focused. (Fig. 2)

3) Looking through the both eyepieces with both eyes, adjust the interpupillary distance, sliding the knurled dovetail slides @ of the right and left eyepiece tubes, cintil perfect binocular vis~on is obtained. Fig. 2

4) Memorize your interpupillary distance setting by means of the scale @

, ))!{ 5) Rotate the tube length adjustment ring @ on the right eyepiece tube to match your

interpupillary distance setting which you obtained from the scale

6) Look at the image through the right eyepiece with your right eyepiece v ~ i t h your right eye and focc~s on the specimen with the coarse and fine adjustment knobs.

7) Look at the image through the left eyepiece wi th yocrr left eye and rotate the tube length adjustment ring @) to focus on the specimen without using the coarse and fine adjustment knobs.

3. Light Path Selection The trinoc~.llar tcrbe is provided wi th a light path selector knob t o direct the light to the observation tube or to the phototube.

Knob position

Pushed in all the way.

Pulled out all the way.

Amount o f light

100% into binocc~lar tub:!

20% into binocular tube 80% into phototube

Application

Observation

Photomicrography

4. Condenser Centration

1) Br~ng the objective 10X into the light path.

* I f a specimen i s placed on the circular rotatable stage without a mechanical stage it is recommended to hold the peripheries of the specimen with the stage clips provided to the circular stage.

Swing in the condenser top lens, and b r~ng the specimen into focus.

Stop down the field iris diaphrag~n w ~ t l i knurled ring a. A slightly blurred image of the field diaphragm can now be seen in the eyepiece. (Fig. 3 ) Flg. 3

4) Move the condenser up and down to locus on the image of the field diaphragm.

* I f the specimen slide is too thick, i t is sometimes impossible to obtain a sharply-focused image.

5) While widening the diameter of the field progressively, i i se the condenser centering screws (3) to bring the diaphragm iniage Into the center of view. (Fig. 3 )

6) Push the analyzer @ into the light path, and make sure that both polarizer and analyzer are set at position "0" to attain the "Crossed filter" position. Then loosen the

clamping screw (2) o f the condenser. (Fig, 4)

7 ) Remove the speclmen o ~ ~ t of the light path so that a transparent area comes into the light path. Keeping the polarizer at the "0" position, rotate the polarirer rota- .

. , . , I++-&: ,-- j,i tion ring @ until the optimum extinction is obtained, /--:,

then clamp the ring. (Fig. 4)

Fig. 4

5. Centering the Stage

I ) Looking througlk l l ic eyeplece ancl objective 10X, cleter~nine solme particular po int , as you like, In the specimen irnage and coincidii thrs point w i th thc center of the cross hairs o f the eyepiece.

2) Rotating the stage, coincide the center of 11111

the rotation o i the specimen's po int g ~ i t h I-- >-- - -- the center of the cross hairs by means o f two centering screws [I? provided o n t l ie stage. (Fig. 51

* Repeat this procedure unt i l the centra- t ion i s secured.

6. Centering the Objectives This centration i s necessary t o all the PO objectives except the pre-centered objective POlOX.

1 ) Connect a centering knob 9 t o each centering screw of the circular rotatable stage. (Fig. 6 )

21 By means of these t w o centering screws, coincide the centers o f the cross hairs and the rotation o f the specimen.

3) Af ter complete centration, remove the centering knobs. Fig. 6

7. Use o f Iris Diaphragms

1 ) Aperture iris diaphragm Adjust the opening of the aperture iris diaphragm according to the various conditions scrch as the numerical aperture o f the objective, irnage contrast, depth of focus, and flatness o f field. Generally i t is often prefera- ble t o stop do\nln the aperture iris diaphragm to the 70% -

or 80% o f the N .A . o f the objective. A f te r the eyepiece is removed f rom the observation tube, i f necessary, look through the observation tube and check the opening of the aperture diaphragm at the objective pupil.

2) Field iris diaphragm The field [!-is diaphl-agm controls the diarnetel- of tl ie ray bcrndle ~nlp ing ing on the speci- lneri s ~ ~ r f a c e and thus increases irriage def ini t ion. Generally, i t is prefel-able to slightly increase the diameter o f the field iris diaphragm un t i l i t is just outside the field of view.

!

8. Focusing Adjcistment

1 ) Tension adjustment of coarse adjustment ltnobs

A tension adjustment ring IS provided nc!xt to the

riqlit hand coarse adjustment knob. With this clevice the

terisior) o f the coarse adjustment is freely adjustable lo^. eittier- heavy o i liclti t movement rfependincl or1 opcrator

01-eference.

Iiowever, d o not loosen thc: tension adjustrnent rlny too

rnoch, because the stage clrops, or the fine adjustrncnt

knobs sl111 eas~ly. Fig. 7

* Be careful no t to rotate the right and left coarse adjust-

ment knobs in the opposite directions sim~iltaneously.

2) Pre-focusing lever This levci. 3) is locked after coarse focirs has been

accomplished. I t prevents further ~ i p w a r d travel o f the

stage by nienns of the coarse adjustrnent knobs, and

autoniatically provides a l i in i t ing stop i f the stage is lowered and then raised agaln. (Fig. 8) F I ~ . 8

9. Orthoscopic Observation

1 ) Swing ou t tile top eris of the condensel In principle, polarizided light enters the light path, parallel to the optical axis, to enable

observalion of the optical characler~st~cs o f the specirnen. However, this method w i l l darken the field o f view and lower the resolving power of the objective extremely. There- fore, swing out the top lens o f the condenser, using only the lower aperture of the lower

condenser lens.

2) Insert the ana ly~er in to the light path, and attain the crossed fi lter position w i th analyzer and polari7er at 0 setting. A t this p o s ~ t o r i , the po la r i~er v i b r a ~ i In is in the north-south

direction, and the analyzer vibration i n the east-west d~rect ion. T o open the fi lter posi- t ion, pu l l out the analyrer rotat ion screw.

3) Rotatc the stage unt i l the ext inct ion o f the image is

a t taned, and n)ove tlic 45' click stop lever $ toward

the operator. (Fig, 9) Frorn this position, i t is easy to rotate the stage i n

45' Increments wi thout having to ircfer to the angular

scale, and the stage clicks at the c l la~onal position, at

\vliicii position. the retardation angle i s measured. T o

relcase the 45O c l ~ c k stops, push back the 45" click slop

lever. I

Fig. 9

4) Insel-t the quarter \Nave pltite or sensitive tint plate into tlie slot in :he intcrmccliato l)oIarr?in(j lu l~e ,

* A Berek compensator i s optionally available t o measure the birefringence o f a specimen.

Sensit~ve tint plate Quarter wave plate Berek compensator

10. Conoscopic Observation

1 ) Swing in the top lens of the condenser, and illornrnate the specimen wi th no need to immerse between the condenser and specimen slicle,

2) Bring the specimen into foccrs, rotate the Bertrand lens tcrrrent ring into the IN position.

3 ) Focus on the interference ( I ~ L I ~ C formed at the back focal plane of the objective frorn 0. ) I

20X ro 100X. The pinhole cap provided may be ~ ~ s e d in place of the eyepiece to directly view the interference figure mentioned above. In this case, the Bertrdncl lens is disengaged.

11. Photomicrography

1 ) Photomicrographic equipment Photomicrography i ~ i t h the h4odel BHA-P requires photomicrographic equipment such as the photomicrograpliic system camera, exposure meter, photo eyepiece, etc. Read the lnsiruction manuals for each equipment, and follow the steps below:

a I t i s recommended to use a low power photo eyepiece F K 2 . 5 X .

@ Photor~iicrographic magnification 1s same as witl-1 the standard optrcal tube length, although the optical tube length for- this use is prolonged because of the intermediate polarii lng tube.

VII. OPTICAL DATA

Immersion objective. Resolving power i s obtained when the objective i s used at the full aperture diaphragm.

The eyepieces K5X and WFlOX incorporate a sliding eye shield. This eye shield can be pulled out to prevent glare and loss o f contrast caused by arnbient light hitting the eye lens.

0 W.D. (Working distance):

The distance between the specimen orcover- glass and the nearest point of the objective.

PO20X

0.40

1.58

8.1 3

0.84

1 OOX

15.56

1.05

200X

9.19

0.9

Objective Magnification - N.A.

W.D. i m m l

Focal length (mrn) --

Resolving power ( P )

0 N.A. (Numerical aperture): The n~~merical aperture represents a perforrnance number whlch cocrld he compared to the relative aperture (f-number) of a camera lens. N.A. values can be usecl for directly comparing the resolving powers of all types of objectives. The larger N.A.. the higher the resolving power.

P04X

0.1 0

18.77

28.45

3.4

20X

300.0

5.25

40X

172.5

4.5

K5X

[ r::ber 2 1 )

WFlOX 11 81

-

0 Resolving power: The ablli ly of a lens to register small details. The resolving power of a lens I S measured by its ability to separate two points.

P040X

0.65

0.6 1

4.33

0.52 (Spring loaded)

200X

4.99

0.53

400X

3.03

0.45

POlOX

0.25

6.78

16.08 -

' 1.3

50X

48.0

2.1

1 OOX

27.60

1.8

Total magnification

Focal depth ( I*)

)ecW(mm)-

f otal magnification

Focal depth ( ,U

Field o f view ( m m )

0 Focal depth: The disrance between the upper and lower limits o f sharpness in the image formed by an optical system.

A POlOOX

1.30

0.1 1

1.81 .-

0.26 (Spring loaded)

500X

1.05 --

0.21

1,OOOX

0.66

0.18

0 Field number: t

A number that repl-esents the diameter in lnln of the image of the field diapliragnl that is formed bv the lens ~ r i front o f it.

0 Field of view diameter: the actual s i x of the field of view in mnl.

9

V I I I . TROUBLESHOOTING

I Troubles Causes I Remedies

I 1. Optical System I ' (a) With the illuminator The highllow magnification selector Place the lever in correct position.

switched on, the field of lever is not correctly positioned. I view cannot be seen.

The condenser is lowered exces- Raise the condenser to the upper i - I Analyzer and polarizer are in the "crossed filter" position ("0:O").

Sei them at the position "0:90" or "90:O".

(b)The field of view is cut off or illuminated irregularly.

The nosepiece is not click stopped. Slightly rotate the nosepiece until 1 clicks into position.

The nosepiece is not correctly at- Insert the sliding dovetail mount tached to the stand. lnto the stand all the way, until i t

stops, then lock.

The auxiliary lens is not correctly attached.

The light path selector lever is stopped midway.

The highllow magnification selector lever is not correctly positioned.

-

Correct the lens position.

Push the lever all the way.

Place the lever all the way.

The condenser is not correctly mounted on the ring mount.

Re-insert the condenser all the way.

The sensitive t int plate is stopped midway.

Push the plate all the way until it clicks.

In case of orthoscopic observation, the condenser top lens stays in the light path or stops midway.

Swing i t out of the light path.

The field iris diaphragm is stopped down excessive1 y.

Dust on condeqser top lens.

Open the diaphragm fully.

(c) Dust or dirt is visible in the field of view.

Dirty specimens.

I Dust on eyepiece. I

The lamp is not correctly attached.

Dust or d i r t on the glass surface at the light exit on the base.

Re-insert the lamp correctly.

Clean off the dust o r dirt.

Remedies

Raise the condenser.

Operi tile diaphragm.

Mount the auxiliary lens.

Place the lever in correct position.

Insert the sliding dovetail mount all the way, until i t stops, then lock.

Slightly rotate the nosepiece until it clicks into position.

Clean the objective.

Apply immersion oil.

Remove bubbles.

Use the designated oil.

Clean.

Adjust the illumination.

Insert the sliding dovetail mount into the stand a l l the way, then lock.

Slightly rotate the nosepiece until it clicks into position.

Place the specirnen on the stage and secure i t with the specimen clips.

Insert the sliding dovetail mount all the way, until i t stops, then lock.

Slightly rotate the nosepiece until it clicks in lo posilion.

Cenler the condenser.

Mocrnt the lens correctly.

Place the lever in correct position.

Troubles

(cl )Excessive irnage contrast.

(e) Pesolution problems: 0 1 fiage is not sharp. 0 lrscrfficient contrast.

lrnage details lack defini- tron.

D ( f ) The field of view i s partial-

l y out of focus.

(g) The image goes out of focus cccentr~cally.

Causes

The condenser I S lowered exces- sivel y.

The aperture irls diaphragm is stop- pet1 down excessive1 y .

The auxiliary lens is not mounted.

The high/low magnification selector lever is not correctly positioned.

The nosepiece i s not correctly attached.

The objective is not correctly positioned in the light path.

Dirt on objective front lens.

The immersion objective is used without immersion oi l .

Birbbles in the immersion oi l .

The Olympcrs designted oil I S not used.

Dirty specimen.

Dirt on condenser lens.

The specirnen is not properly illuminated.

The nosepiece is not correctly attached.

The objective IS not correctly positioned in the light path.

The specimen is not correctly positioned on the stage.

The nosepiece is not correctly attached.

The objective i s not correctly positioned in the light path.

The condenser i s out of center.

The auxiliary lens is not correctly

rnoc~n tecl.

The higti/low rnagnlfication selector lever is stopped midway.

Troubles - -- -

!h)Wlien objectives are changed, they are not par- focal.

( i ) Light intensity does no1 increase although the voltage is raised.

(1) The condenser does not come to the correct position for optimum extinction.

(k)No conoscopic image can be seen.

(I) The crossed filter position

Causes - - - - - .-

The mechanical tube length is not correctly adjusted.

The condenser is not correctly centered.

The condenser i s lowered exces- sively.

The observation tube and condenser are not correctly mounted.

The condenser top lens is not in the light path.

The analyzer is out of the light

Remedies

Adjiist with the tube length adjustment rings on the observation tube.

Center the condenser.

Raise the condenser.

Re-mo~lnt them correctly.

Swing it in.

Push it in. is not atte~ned. I path.

2. Electric System

la)The illuminator is too bright (or too dark).

(b)Output voltage for the illuminator cannot be reg- ulated.

(c) The light flickers and the intensity is unstable.

(d)Fuse burns out too often.

(e) The pilot I;~mp l~gl i ts b ~ ~ t the bull2 docs not.

The rheostat trimmer screw is not matched to the mains voltage.

- The mains voltage is too high (or too low).

The rheostat trimmer screw is not correctly adjusted.

The voltage selector switch is not matched to the mains voltage.

The mains voltage is too low or too high.

The mains voltage is unstable.

The filament of the bulb is likely to bi.rrn out.

Loose electrical con1 ~ection.

The fuse I S not a standard fuse.


The bulb I S burned out.

Loose electrical connection.

Adjust the trimmer screw to m a t c h . - B the mains voltage.

Adjust the mains voltage wi th a variable voltage transformer.

Adjust the trimmer screw until the voltmeter indicates 1 V.

Adjust the mains voltage selector switch to the mains voltage.

Adjust the mains voltage wi th a variable voltage transformer.

Use a variable voltage transformer.

Replace the bulb.

Secure the connection.

Use a standard fuse.

Match the swilch to the mains voltage.

Replace the b1.115,

Secure the connection.

Troubles

( f ) Reduced bulb life.

Causes


The bulb is not a standard bulb.

Mains voltage is too high.

Remedies

. Match the selector switch to the mains voltage.

Use a standard bulb.

Use the tungsten bulb under 6V as well as possible, or use a high intensity bulb, such as a halogen bulb.

3. Focusing

(a) Coarse adjustment is too tight.

(b)The stage drops and the specimen goes out of focus.

(c) The stage cannot be raised t o the upper limit.

(d)The stage cannot be lowered to the lower limit of the working range.

(e)The objective front lens hits against the specimen,

Tension adjustment ring is tighten- ed too much.

The user is trying to raise the stage passing over the upper focusing limit imposed by the engaged pre- focusing lever.

The tension adjustment ring is too loose.

Automatic pre-focusing lever is engaged in lower than focusing position.

The condenser mount is lowered too much.

The specimen is mounted on the stage upside down.

Loosen the tension adjustment ring properly.

Unlock the pre-focusing lever.

Tighten the ring properly.

Unlock the pre-focusing lever.

Raise the condenser mount.

Reverse the specimen.

4. Observation Tube

Correct the interpupillary distance

Complete the diopter adjustment.

Use a pair of matched eyepieces.

Prior to looking at the image of the specimen, try to look the entire field of view, or look at a far away object before resuming microscopic observation.

(a) l ncomplete binocular vision.

lnterpupillary distance is not correctly adjusted.

Diopter adjustment is incomplete.

Right and left eyepieces are not matched.

The user is unaccustomed with a binocular vision.

5. Stage

Clamp the stage securely.

Adjust the specimen position.

( a ) The image easily goes out of focus when you touch -B the stage.

(b)The specimen stops midway on the east-west trav- erse.

The stage is not correctly clamped.

The specimen is not correctly positioned on the stage.

i oly mpus polarizing microscope bha - alan … mpus polarizing microscope models bha -p&b;h.-p...

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