I. North v. South

Malaria, dysentery, typhoid took 10 years off Southern lifespan - 50 years

NE settlers added 10 years to their life – 70 yr. life span; “grandparents.”

Family life

South - 6x as many men; lots of teen pregnancy

North – stable families, divorce only for abandonment or adultery, Scarlett Letter and the city on the hill

economics

South – first families/tutors, headright system – 50 acres to bring someone here, tobacco overproduction

North – more equality, farming and something else, public ed, 50% literacy and Harvard

review

Name top 3 diseases. Contrast Life expectancy in North

and South. Contrast family structure in North

and South. What was the headright system? Contrast economic and education

system in North and South

II. Struggling servants

Land became more scarce and harder to acquire for freemen.

Gov. Berkeley took away franchise and made land promises to Natives.

Bacon’s rebellion

When Gov. Berkeley wouldn’t retaliate for frontier attacks, Bacon and his followers did

Bacon, a 29 year old planter, led “the rabble” in burning Jamestown and chasing Berkeley out.

What to do?

Bacon died ended, 20 hung; Planters feared frontiersmen, needed an easier to control labor force.

1680s rising wages in England ==more black than white arrivals

review

What was getting harder for freemen?

What did Gov. Berkeley do that angered freemen?

Who led the rebellion? What conclusion was reached?

III. slavery

10 million came over 300 years; 400,000 to N. America

Triangular /transatlantic trade – Europe Africa Americas; slaves came on Middle Passage; North involved (RI)

New slave trade

10,000 slaves brought 1700-1710; half Va population 1750, 2/3 SC population

More slaves==less assimilation; smaller numbers == more assimilation

Quality of slave life

Only imports could replace slaves on rice and indigo plantations of South Carolina.

Closer together Tobacco plantations allowed family life, natural reproduction.

Slave culture

Mixed African/American language, music , religion

Slave rebellions –NY; Stono Rebellion in South Carolina, 1739, attempt to march to Florida - not as serious as Bacon’s Rebellion.

review

How many slaves? What’s the triangular trade and the

Middle Passage? How did the number of slaves impact

culture? How did slaves impact society? What slave rebellions were there?

IV. Halfway covenant, Salem witch trials Jeremiad – angry

sermons concerning whether the next generation of Puritans was devout enough.

Number of conversions declining

½ way Covenant

Halfway Covenant gave partial church membership to the young.

Weakens distinction between elect and others; eventually ended it, and women became church majority

Salem witch trials

1693 Salem 19 hung 1 pressed; younger girls accused older women.

Hysteria ended when governor’s wife was accused; role of economics?

review

What was the concern about the next generation?

What was a jeremiad? What was the Halfway Covenant? What was its effect? Who accused whom in Salem? How did the hysteria end?

I. 13 colonies

There were 32 colonies; Population doubling every 25 years.

Biggest Colonies: Va, Mass, PA, NC, MD; Cities: Philly, NY, Boston, Charleston

Immigrant groups

Germans/Lutherans in Pennsylvania – 1/3 of pop.; kept customs

Scotch-Irish left Scotland, failed in Ireland, came to PA , squatted west then came South.

diversity

20% African-American; mostly English in NE, over half non-English in middle colonies

Crevocoeur: “What then is the American, this new man?” – Fr. Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss, Scots Highlanders

review

How many colonies? Biggest colony? Biggest city? What were top 3 foreign groups? What other groups? Where was the most and least

diversity?