Fungi Vocab Use Nelson p 239-241 or M&L p 407 & 409

and glossaries

• Haploid chromosomal number (n)• Diploid chromosomal number (2n)• Sporangium• Spores• Gametangium• Gametes• Dikaryotic = a cell that has 2 nuclei

Fungi Vocab (post unit 2 test)• Haploid chromosomal number (n) = one set of

chromosome or half the number of chromosomes

• Diploid chromosomal number (2n) = two sets of chromosomes or full set of chromosomes

• Sporangium = reproductive structure that produces spores

Fungi Vocab (post unit 2 test)• Spores = reproductive structure with half the

number of chromosomes (n)• Gametangium = reproductive structure that

produces gametes• Gametes = haploid sex cells (ex. egg & sperm)• Dikaryotic = a cell that has 2 nuclei

Kingdom Fungi Characteristics & Reproduction

Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi:

• Eukaryotes• Prefer dark, warm, moist areas• Unicellular (yeast) or Multicellular (molds,

mushrooms)• Have cell wall in life cycle – NOT part of K.

Plantae because they lack chlorophyll

Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi:• All are heterotrophic – digestion is extracellular

(external), then the food is absorbed through the cell wall/ cell membraneA) Saprobes =absorb food from dead/decaying

organisms ex)mushroomsB) Parasites = obtain food from a living host

ex) ringworm or Athlete’s foot

Reproduction

• Fungi always produce spores – sexual, asexual or both.

• Spores are dispersed by air currents.

• There are 4 types of asexual reproduction.

• There is 1 type of sexual reproduction.

4 Types of Asexual Reproduction

1. Fission = simple cell division (mitosis).

4 Types of Asexual Reproduction

2. Budding = new organism grows from the body of the parent and detaches.

4 Types of Asexual Reproduction

3. Fragmentation = hyphae broken apart

Hyphae (responsible for vegetative

growth)

4 Types of Asexual Reproduction

4. Spores = reproductive cell that is haploid (n) and has a thick outer covering for protection. Spores are produced in sporangia. Spores develop into haploid hyphae (n).

1 Type of Sexual Reproduction• Spores = produced

when 2 haploid (n) cells called gametes undergo fusion (2 gametes fused together) to create a zygote (diploid - 2n)

Dikaryotic stage• The 2 haploid nuclei may or may not fuse right away.

– If they fuse immediately = diploid (2n) – zygote created.

– If they don’t fuse right away, the 2 haploid nuclei divide independently in hyphal cells creating a dikaryotic stage (2 nuclei) n + n.• This stage can last for a short or long period of time.

However, eventually the 2 nuclei fuse and form a zygote.

• Haploid gametes are produced again.

General L. C. of Sexual Reproduction in Fungi:

Diploid Stage (2n)Nuclear fusion zygote

Meiosis Dikaryotic stage (n + n) Haploid stage(n)Haploid gametes undergo cytoplasmic fusion only

Fungi Body Plans

• There are 3 fungal body plans you need to know:– Typical mold– Yeast – Mushroom

Typical mold body plan

mycelium

Yeast body plan

Mushroom body plan

cap

gills

stipering

Mycelium(Single = rhizoid)

Stipe / hyphae

Mushroom and Yeast Activity

Purpose: To observe the structure of mushrooms and yeast. Also, to observe what happens to yeast when water is added.

Procedure:Use a compound microscope on medium power.

1. Take a thin piece of the stipe, crush it on the slide, and spread it thin. Observe and draw the individual cells you see. If you don’t, crush the sample some more. Label the individual cells. 2. Take a thin piece of the cap, crush it on the slide, and spread it thin. Observe and draw the individual cells you see.Label the individual cells.3. Take one individual piece of the gill. Look for basidia at the edges. The gill must be flat on the slide to find basidia. DON’T CRUSH THIS ONE.Label the basidia.

4. Obtain a microscope viewer and the Asexual Reproduction Booklet. Observe slide 2 – Budding Yeast. Draw and label the entire field of view including four stages of budding 5. Look at prepared slides of Ascomycetes – Sac Fungi - Peziza. Make a full biological drawing of what you see.

Label: the ascus (sporangium) & ascospores (spores) You will submit 5 biological drawings. No conclusion is needed. DUE FRIDAY!