hypower - voith · 2020-02-17 · hydro power could stop the trend of increasing deforestation. all...

HyPowerCustomer magazine from Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation

August 2005

Summary Editorial

News from the AmericasNew project to raise the DominicanRepublic’s hydro capacity

New turn key solution for El Gallo,Mexico

New equipment for Unit 1 of Peixe Angical, Brazil

The State of California’s DWR relies onVoith Siemens Hydro for service

For your informationIEC meeting back to Germany

Dr. Hubert Lienhard – Chairman of HEA

MiscellaneousVoith Group Conference 2005 – Working on our innovations

Investment into future-oriented wave energy

EssayTea – more that just a drink

EditorialHydro – energy for growth and a cleaner environment

Focus on AsiaHydro power drives development

Focus on Asia: NepalNepal – a natural country for hydro power

Developing hydro power in Nepal

Nepal: A new runner for Marsyangdi

Focus on Asia: IndiaIndia – ambitious hydro plans

Projects in India – an overview

Indo-German Joint Cooperation

Focus on Asia: ChinaChina – the waking hydro giant

Second contract from Wu Jiang Company

Successful model acceptance test for Laxiwa hydro power

Longtan site – completion of runner building

A Milestone in Tai’An

Focus on Asia: JapanJapan – a well advanced hydro powermarket

Micro tubular units – utilizing small hydro resources

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Dear Readers,

If you look at the growth rates in themajor hydro markets, such as Chinaand India, you will certainly seethat they are way above the aver-age of any other country or regionin the world. With this growth,higher standards of living and elevation of poverty areinevitably connected. In order to boost both, clean, renew-able energy for emerging economies and national infra-structure is necessary.

It is predictable that the worldwide need for energy willoutgrow the world’s current fossil resources. In addition,until those resources are exhausted, the CO2 levels in ourair will continue to increase if we do not strive for low-emission technologies for the future. Countries withoutfossil fuel reserves of their own will have to either bearthe cost of importing or will have to look within for otherresources to match their growth. Hydro, in this context, is not only a domestic resource, but also contributes toemissions reduction while generation still grows.

Enough energy, together with access to electricity, will bethe key drivers for future development and poverty allevia-tion worldwide. Countries such as India would rarely reachthis goal without a good share of hydro in their nationalenergy mix. The same is true for China. Nepal can evenavoid progressing deforestation through hydro powerdevelopment instead of burning wood for householdcooking and heating. In addition, trading this electricityto neighboring countries is an important source for thecountry’s national income.

Hydro – energy for growth and a cleaner environment

Dr. Hubert LienhardChairman of the Boardof Voith Siemens HydroPower Generation

Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation

Dr. Hubert LienhardChairman of the Boardof Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation

We can make a significant contribution to this develop-ment through our business. And we go beyond conven-tional hydro: While we are continuously improving ourcore business, we are also focused on a new aspect –wave energy. With the acquisition of Scotland-basedWavegen, we have taken the first step toward technologi-cal development from this different form of “water power”,and we will develop this emerging resource to maturityand economically feasible solutions.

We’re comfortable in the water. For over 138 years, wehave been a leader in research and development for fluidmachinery. Technical expertise and services from withinthe Voith group will support our wave energy develop-ment: drives and salt water-proven components from ourtransmission and marine technology divisions, services in operation and maintenance from our own and Voith’sindustrial solutions division.

We will make sure that energy from water in every formsustains a reasonable share in environmentally friendlyand low-emission energy generation all over the world.

We are interested in your opinions and comments; please feel free to direct them to me personally.

My e-mail address is [email protected]

Yours sincerely

A view on the role hydro power is playing in Asian countries shows a lot of contrast. Nepal only utilizes approximately one percent of its extensivehydro power potential yet, Japan as a high-tech country has harnessed itsnatural hydro resources almost completely, at least in the field of largeplants. The emerging hydro-superpower China develops its gigantic poten-tial in quantum leaps. India’s ambitious target is to completely provide itspopulation of one billion with electricity by 2012, and thus plans to increaseits hydro power generation. This also promotes the interest of its northern-most neighbor – Nepal – to develop its own hydro projects.

Focus on Asia

Nepal, Solukhumbo, boy carrying water container.

Hydro power drives development

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Focus on Asia: Nepal

Nepal’s geo-physical conditions can be regarded ideal for the generation of hydro electric energy. Within a narrow width of around 100 km, the eleva-tion changes from 8,840 m above sea level to less than 100 m, creating asubstantial head for any hydro power plant. The country’s rivers provide adependable flow, which is further enriched by ice and snowmelt. The hydro power potential is estimated to exceed 80,000 MW, out of which43,000 MW can be considered economically viable. But despite this enor-mous potential for future expansion, the Himalayan country only has maderather modest use of its hydroelectric resources to date. The abundantpotential remains almost entirely untapped since the total output of Nepal’shydro plants amounts to not more than 600 MW. Severe power shortages arestill quite common.

Ample hydro power opportunities for private investorsDeveloping its hydro power potential,Nepal could not only satisfy its entiredomestic energy demand but alsoexport power. The opportunities areabundant: India’s energy deficit isexpected to reach 20,000 MW by2010, and China’s deficit will probablypass 300,000 MW by 2015. Neverthe-less, in order to harness and develophydro power, private sectors will haveto be involved. Nepal has undertakensome regulatory reforms and promul-gated a new hydro power policyattracting private financial sources.Foreign investments are allowed tocover 100 percent of any hydro powerproject and power exports to externalmarkets are possible.

Nepal – a natural country for hydro power

Gokoyo Lake, Nepal.

Hydro power in Nepal – contributingto overall economic growth andenvironmental preservationRecent studies conducted in Nepalhave established the hydro powersector as the main driving force foroverall economic growth in Nepal. In order to bring the entire Nepalesepopulation above the poverty level by 2027, nearly 22,000 MW of hydropower needs to be brought on line for both the domestic as well as theexport market. Although rich in hydropower, only a small fraction of thecountry’s energy needs – three per-cent – is actually generated by hydro.This has resulted in massive defor-estation, as more and more fuel woodis used for satisfying current energydemand. Only an extensive use ofhydro power could stop the trend ofincreasing deforestation. All thesefactors, considered together, lead to the necessity of expanding theexploitation of hydro power also fordomestic use.


Developing hydro power in Nepal

In terms of per capita hydro power potential, Nepal is on par with the UnitedStates of America. However, the United States have already developed 70%of their hydro power resources, whereas Nepal has managed to exploit onlyabout one percent of its technical and economical potential of 45,000 MWso far.

Market potential in India to boosthydro power in NepalSlow industrial growth, unfavorabletopography, causing limited networkexpansion, and the lack of adequateinfrastructure coupled with politicalinstability are the reasons for the low development of hydro powerresources, even despite the fact thatNepal is among the few nations in theworld where a specific hydro powerdevelopment policy has been promul-gated. Nepal’s domestic electricitymarket is relatively small compared to its huge hydroelectricity potential.

However, the huge market potentialacross the southern border creates aunique opportunity to develop hydro-electricity. On the one hand, thesouthern neighbor, India, is facing apeak deficit of approximately 13%; onthe other hand, Nepal has identified atleast 22,000 MW from storage pro-jects, which include the 10,800 MWChisapani Karnali, 6,480 MW Panch-eswore and 3,400 MW Saptakoshiwater resource projects. What isneeded now is a well-defined com-mercial tie with respect to powersales. The need of the day is to attractinvestment through a politicallyassuring atmosphere and power salesagreements with India.

Dr. Janak Karmacharya,Managing Director, Nepal ElectricityAuthority (NEA).

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India’s power market – in need of an additional 100 GWThe Government of India recentlydeclared its target of giving its wholepopulation access to electricity by2012. The Central Electricity Authorityof India has estimated that an addi-tional 100 GW must be added to theIndian electricity system by 2012 inorder to satisfy the electricity needsof both the population and the indus-try. This would mean expanding theinstalled capacity to more than215,000 MW. By the year 2020 thetotal requirement is expected toexceed 300,000 MW. Currently, hydropower contributes only 25,000 MWcreating an enormous potential fordevelopment.

The quality of electricity supply inIndia is another factor to be consid-ered while assessing the marketpotential. The requirements of theIndian power system have beenassessed by the Government of Indiato target a thermal-hydro generationmix with the ratio of 60:40. This isnecessary in order to prevent thehuge industrial losses caused by peakshortfalls and frequency fluctuationand will also help meet the goal ofproviding electricity to the entirepopulation by 2012.

Legal framework for hydro powerdevelopmentPolicy changes are taking place bothin Nepal and India to promote thedevelopment of hydro power. Nepal,as mentioned earlier, has promulgateda hydro power policy, which is con-sidered to favor the private sector.The “Hydropower Development Policy2001” includes incentive provisionsand transparent processes for attract-ing private investors. Foreign investorsare allowed to invest 100 percent fordeveloping hydro power. Guaranteesagainst nationalization have beenprovided, full repatriation of profitand dividend is allowed, and foreignexchange is guaranteed. Time exten-sions caused by geological andhydrological risks are also provided.Compensation for any additional costsaccrued from changes in the law isalso assured. Royalty rates are fixedfor projects supplying electricity todomestic as well as export markets. A time-bound processing period hasbeen defined within which variousadministrative steps must be com-pleted by a one-window authority. The developer is allowed to exportpower to an external market.

The settlement of disputes will begoverned by the agreement or byprevailing law on foreign investmentand technology transfer.

An assured market, both inside andacross the Nepalese border, coupledwith a very supportive and friendlypolicy ensures the development ofhydro power. The poverty alleviationprogram is largely based upon devel-opment of these resources. Underthese circumstances, Nepal is boundto evolve into a major center of hydropower development in the foreseeablefuture.

For more information:[email protected]


Voith Siemens Hydro, Heidenheim, has been awarded the supply of newspare runner for the Marsyangdi hydro power plant. And there is an optionfor a second.

Nepal: A new runner for Marsyangdi

A special feature: The spare runnerwill be both hard- and soft-coated.The Francis runner has a nominaldiameter of 2,171 mm and is rated at26 MW. Located in the MarsyangdiRiver Valley, some 170 km west ofKathmandu, the Lower Marsyangdihydro power plant is an undertakingof the Government owned NepalElectricity Authority (NEA).

The installation of a coated runnerwill significantly contribute to thefurther development and longevity of the hydroelectric power plant.


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tion, hydro is virtually unsusceptibleto price fluctuations – it has givenhigh priority to the development ofhydro power projects. Plans havebeen drafted to accelerate exploitationof the vast untapped hydro potential and expand the hydro share to 40%. An accelerated development plan for 162 sites with a potential of50,000 MW has been launched by the government.

A reliable and sufficient supply of electrical power is essential to guaranteeIndia’s future economic development. Today, India suffers from a significantpeak load shortage, and projections foresee a dramatic increase in energydemand. To bridge the gap between demand and supply, total installedcapacities will have to be dramatically increased by 2012 to approximately210,000 MW. Boosting hydro power capacities plays a prominent role in theambitious plan of the Indian government to achieve this goal.

Hydro share to be doubledThe installed capacity of India’s hydropower stations represents roughlyone fourth of the Indian power mix.There is an estimated potential of150,000 MW of hydroelectric powerin the country, of which only aboutone fifth has been harnessed so far.Since the government clearly sees the advantages of hydro electricity asa non-polluting and secure form ofenergy – contrary to thermal genera-

India – ambitious hydro plans

Decisive role of public corporationsMajor hydro power projects targetedfor development are concentrated inthe northern and north-easternregions of the country. Almost twothirds of India’s new hydro projects,totaling 20,000 MW of additionalcapacity, shall be undertaken bypublic corporations of the CentralSector (federal government) by 2012.The remaining share of plannedcapacity additions will almost equallybe divided among private companiesand corporations of the respectivestate governments. In the currentfive-year plan (2002 to 2007) rehabili-tation, modernization and upgradeschemes as well as new projects withan aggregate capacity of more than10,000 MW are included.

Focus on Asia: India

OmkareshwarThis project was awarded to a consor-tium of Voith Siemens Hydro and M/SJaiprakash Associates Ltd., New Delhiin June 2003. It is one of the multi-purpose projects being developed on the Narmada River approximately 90 km from the city of Indore inMadhya Pradesh, India. This projectenvisions power generation with aninstalled capacity of 520 MW andirrigation of approximately 283,300hectares of land annually. Voith Siemens Hydro is the turnkeycontractor for all electro-mechanicalequipment and has been entrustedwith on-shore supply as well as allinland services including storage onsite, erection, testing and commis-sioning of all electro-mechanicalworks.

To date, an extensive amount ofequipment for the projects has beenordered. Model testing has beenconducted and accepted by the client.The installation of draft tubes andother embedded parts is in progress.

HirakudTwo 24 MW units at the Hirakudhydro power plant are now beingrenovated and uprated to 32 MWeach. Voith Siemens Hydro is theturnkey contractor and is responsiblefor all mechanical/electrical andassociated civil works for this project.The units are currently being commis-sioned.


Omkareshwar village.

Projects in India – an overview

Shortly after establishing the office in India in July 2002, Voith SiemensHydro Private Limited has won the contract for the prestigious Omkareshwarhydro plant. Since then Voith Siemens Hydro has been involved in a numberof key projects on the subcontinent:

Baglihar IThe first 450 MW stage of the 900 MW hydro power plant Bagliharis currently being set up on theNorthern Indian state of Jammu andKashmir. Voith Siemens Hydro is theleader of the consortium responsiblefor turnkey execution of the electri-cal/mechanical works. Erection ofembedded parts and development ofinfrastructure as well as civil worksare almost completed. At present,turbine assembly is in progress.

Omkareshwar site impressions.

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Baglihar IIVoith Siemens Hydro is also theconsortium leader in the second stageof the 900 MW Baglihar hydroelectricproject in northern India. The scopeof supply includes three verticalgenerators with an output of 168 MVAper unit along with excitation sys-tems, bus ducts, 400 kV single-phasetransformers, 400 kV gas-insulatedswitchgear and 400 kV cables.

Baspa Stage IIThe generators and entire electricalequipment for the Baspa Stage II 300 MW project have been suppliedby Voith Siemens Hydro. The projecthas already been commissioned andhas been supplying electricity to thegrid since June 22, 2003. BaspaStage II is a good example of devel-oping a project together with a privatepromoter, Jaiprakash Industries Ltd.,who also executed all civil works.

GhatgarVoith Siemens Hydro is involved inthe electrical and mechanical worksfor the two Ghatgar 125 MW pumpedstorage units in Maharashtra state.

Nathpa JhakriThe 1,500 MW Nathpa Jhakri hydro-electric project is an undergroundpower station consisting of six 250 MW units. Voith Siemens Hydrois a member of the consortium group– EUCONA – which is responsible forthe electrical and mechanical portionof the project.



Minister Clement underlined, amongothers, that there was a long traditionof Indo-German economic relationsand that both sides were increasinglyinterested in bringing the economicpartnership even closer. He highlight-ed that the business communities ofboth countries were engaging indebates with other companies and the government, thus working onpotential improvement to the busi-ness environment, from trade toinvestments and specific corporatecooperation.

From April 4 to 5, 2005, German Minister of Economics and Labor, WolfgangClement, visited New Delhi on the occasion of the 15th Session of the Indo-German Joint Commission on Industrial and Economic Cooperation. He wasjoined by Members of the German Parliament and a high-profile businessdelegation. The delegation was led by Dr. Hubert Lienhard, Chairman of theIndia-Economic Committee, Asia Pacific Committee of the German Business,and CEO of Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation, Member of the Board ofVoith AG.

Voith Siemens Hydro has alreadydelivered proof of this engagement byfounding a subsidiary in New Delhi,India, in 2002. This unit is to providecloser service and contact to cus-tomers and to the Indian market andto coordinate project administrationand site erection for Indian projects.


Indo-German Joint Cooperation

Meeting of the Indo-German JointCommission with the GermanMinister Wolfgang Clement (center)and Dr. Hubert Lienhard (right).

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Focus on Asia: China

Breathtaking pace of hydro developmentEfforts to expand the generation ofhydroelectricity are already underway. There are several major hydro-electric projects presently underconstruction. The largest is the Three Gorges hydro power plant onthe Yangtze River with its foreseenworld record output of 18,200 MW.

There is no other country that has increased its hydro power generationcapacity faster. Still today, only one fifth of China’s vast hydro power potential is being utilized. As air pollution worsens due to the tremendousnumber of coal-fired power plants, environmental awareness is on the rise.Therefore, the Chinese government plans to increase power productionthrough hydro power by 8% every year.

China – the waking hydro giant

When fully commissioned in 2009, it will supply more than 100 millionpeople and the regional industry.Several other hydro schemes withindividual capacities exceeding 1,000 MW have been brought intooperation recently or are approachingcompletion. More than 50 GW ofhydro capacity is planned for con-struction. Furthermore, China willincrease efficiencies of all its currenthydro power stations and also surveysmall rivers to tap their hydroelectricpotential, especially in regions lackingof coal resources. The country’s totalexploitable hydro power resources areestimated to be at least 290,000 MW,ranking first in the world.

Yinlong Lake, the reservoir of Hongjiadu, on Wujiang River.


The commissioning of the first unit of this new hydroelectric project onthe Wu River is scheduled for August2008. In 2012, Si Lin shall be fullyconnected to the grid. According tothe Chinese government’s plan thehydro power station will deliver theelectricity produced to the easternprovinces.


After the successful commissioning of Hong Jia Du in 2004, Voith SiemensHydro, Shanghai, was awarded a second contract by Wu Jiang Hydro PowerDevelopment Company.

The Silin hydro power plant, locatedon the Wu River in China’s provinceGuizhou, will be equipped with fourvertical Francis turbines each with anoutput of 270 MW. As the runners’dimensions (diameter of around 7 m)exceed the average transportationregulations, they will be manufacturedat site.

The contract was officially signed in Guiyang City on April 13, 2005. From left to right:Luo Xiaoqian, Deputy General Manager,Wu Jiang Hydro Development Co. Ltd.,Dai Shaoliang,Chairman of Board,Wu Jiang Hydro Development Co. Ltd.,Aage Dalsjoe,President, Voith Siemens Hydro, Shanghai.

Second contract from Wu Jiang Company

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Voith Siemens Hydro, Shanghai, was awarded the contract for five 711 MWFrancis turbines, including site manufacturing for the runners by YellowRiver Upstream Hydro Power Development Company Ltd. in August 2004.

In March 2005, the model acceptance test was successfully performed atthe Brunnenmühle laboratory inHeidenheim, Germany. The modelturbine, designed and optimized forthe unique Laxiwa power stationrequirements, was extensively tested.The next step will be detailed engi-neering and manufacture of majorcomponents for the prototype.

The Laxiwa Project is part of theChinese National Hydro Power Devel-opment Program and is the biggesthydro project along the Yellow River.Commissioning for the first unit isscheduled for June 2008.

For more information: [email protected]

Experts from the Yellow RiverUpstream Hydro Power Develop-ment Company with VoithSiemens Hydro’s specialists.

Successful model acceptance test for Laxiwa hydro power


Manufacturing began on the 1st ofMarch, 2005 in the newly constructedmanufacturing facility at site. Theworkshop is fully equipped andincludes a compressed air system,welding and grinding areas, electricalsystems, machining tools, a stressrelief furnace, inspection facilities, anassembly area and an office, all basedon Voith Siemens Hydro standardsand procedures for runner manufac-turing.


The Longtan hydro power station, located on the Hongshui River, will be one of the largest hydro power plants worldwide. Voith Siemens Hydro,Shanghai, in consortium with Dongfang, is responsible for the supply ofseven 700 MW Francis turbines and will also supply seven runners, manu-factured in a specially erected workshop at site.

Longtan on-site runner building.

Longtan site – completion of runner building

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These valves weigh in at 180 tons,and have a flow-through diameter of3.15 m and a height of 5.3 m, settinga new milestone in the history ofspherical valves, manufactured in theShanghai workshop.


The spherical valves, set on theupstream side of spiral case, play anextremely important role in the safeoperation of a pumped storage powerplant.

Tai’An spherical valve.

Celebrating the delivery of Tai’Anspherical valve.

A Milestone in Tai’An

Four reversible pump-turbine units, each with an output of 250 MW will besupplied by Voith Siemens Hydro, Shanghai, for the Tai’An Pumped StorageProject in Shandong Province, China. The contract includes pump-turbines,motor-generators, supervisory and control systems and spherical valves.

Focus on Asia: Japan

Hydro power resources can be har-nessed not only from natural bodiesof water and developed reservoirs:factories, waterworks, sewage treat-ment plants and irrigation canals also hold an enormous potential.Non-utilized head as a byproduct ofline operation could be employed very effectively for on-site powergeneration.

Japan has an immense potential of low head schemes with an output of lessthan 100 kW. It does not come as a surprise that the micro tubular turbinedeveloped to exploit such energy was introduced there.

Micro tubular units – utilizing small hydro resources

Micro tubular turbine installedon Egasaki Drinking WaterTreatment Plant (Serial arrange-ment of 2 units).

With an installed hydroelectric generating capacity of more than 45 GW –thereof 25 GW in pumped storage schemes – hydro power contributes about19% of total power generation in Japan, the second largest economy in theworld.

Due to its long history in hydro powergeneration – the first Voith SiemensHydro machines were delivered toJapan already more than 100 yearsago – Japan commands a well provenand very advanced technology inhydro power generation. About 60%of the domestic hydro power potentialhave been already developed.

Today, the large installed capacityprovides for a solid and major busi-ness in rehabilitation and moderniza-tion. Opportunities for new projectsare often driven by environmentalconsiderations which are supportedby the Japanese governement andcover mainly small hydro plants.

Japan – a well advanced hydro power market

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Runner blade adjustable mechanism.

0.01 0.1 1 10Discharge (m3/s)

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Application rangeRunner Dia. Net head Generator output

S size 290 mm 2 ~ 20 m < 90 kWM size 500 mm 2 ~ 16.5 m < 200 kWL size 760 mm 2 ~ 15 m < 250 kW

Application range of micro tubular turbine.

Tadashi Tsukamoto, who was con-ferred the degree of Doctor of Engi-neering at the Kyushu Institute ofTechnology, Japan on March 25,2005, for his doctoral thesis on the“Research of a Micro Tubular Turbinein the Broad-Band Operation”,describes the hydraulic turbine’sfeatures as follows: “Their serialarrangement allows for the units to beapplied at sites with the head higherthan that of the units’ actual applica-tion range. The units may also beapplied at sites with a variable flowrate due to adjustable runner blades.”

Being arranged in series, the perfor-mance of the downstream turbine isaffected by the draft tube exit flow ofthe upstream turbine. This influencewas investigated during numericalflow analysis and model turbine tests.Since then, prototype units have beeninstalled in several locations, amongothers, at drinking water treatmentplants, sewage water treatmentplants, and agricultural irrigationcanals. The application of these microtubular turbines is a step towardgeneration of clean energy and willcontribute to the reduction of CO2

emissions and effective use of unem-ployed energy.


News from the Americas

Voith Siemens Hydro, São Paulo, will supply the equipment for the PinalitoHydroelectric Project in the Dominican Republic. It has signed the contractin the beginning of this year with the civil contractor, CNO – Norberto Odebrecht.

The Pinalito project is part of theDominican Republic’s Governmentprogram to increase power generationcapacity in the country. The hydropower project on the Tireo River willbe located between the cities ofBonao in Monseñor Nouel provinceand Constanza in La Vega province.

Voith Siemens Hydro will supply two Pelton turbines (25 MW each),two generators (each with 35 MVA)and two spherical valves. Commis-sioning is scheduled for March 2007.


New project to raise the Dominican Republic’s hydro capacity

Starting of civil works in Pinalito.

Voith Siemens Hydro, São Paulo, also signed a turn key contract with Mexicana de Hidroelectricidad (Mexhidro) S. de R.L. de C.V. Company. The US$ 19.6 million contract includes the supply of two 15.6 MW verticalFrancis turbines, two 16/19 MVA generators, the entire construction workand overall project management.

The El Gallo hydro power plant islocated in Guerrero state, on theCutzmala River, near the city of Cutz-mala de Pinzón in southern Mexico.This project will contribute to andaccelerate the commercialization ofrenewable energy in Mexico.

The demand for electricity in Mexicois expected to grow on average by six percent over the next ten years. The project shall produce 147 GWhper year.


New turn key solution for El Gallo, Mexico

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Voith Siemens Hydro, São Paulo, is currently supplying three turbine genera-tors to ENERPEIXE, the owner of the Peixe Angical hydro power plant. These Kaplan machines are the largest of their kind to be manufactured inthe Brazilian location.

When complete, the total installedpower will be 450 MW. The first 153 MW turbine has been deliveredand will be fully commissioned byMay 2006.

The Peixe Angical project is locatedon the Tocantins River, and is con-nected to the North-South Intercon-nexion for power supply within Brazil.


New equipment for Unit 1 of Peixe Angical, Brazil

Peixe Angical Kaplan runner.Nominal runner diameter 8,600 mm.

Recognizing the benefits of workingclosely with the original equipmentmanufacturer during refurbishment,DWR has recently renewed a long-standing service contract with VoithSiemens Hydro to provide equipmentand services for all Westinghouse,Siemens, Allis-Chalmers generatorsas well as the Voith and Allis-Chalmers turbines and pumps.

Voith Siemens Hydro, York, has been working with the State of California’sDepartment of Water Resources (DWR) for over 40 years. From the equip-ment at Edmonson and Chrisman pumping stations to the high power DevilCanyon Pelton turbines, DWR has become familiar with original VoithSiemens Hydro equipment.

The State of California’s DWR relies on Voith Siemens Hydro for service

WeldMart, a subsidiary of VoithSiemens Hydro, has been very activewith a rehabilitation concept devel-oped specially for the pumping unitsin DWR’s system. A carefully plannedsequence of cutting, welding andgrinding is used to refurbish thepump diffuser. In-place machining isthen used to prepare the pump cas-ings for the impellers. The adminis-tration of the services contract hasallowed the State to expedite theirEngineering and Project Managementresources to procure their neededcomponents and services in far lesstime, thereby saving the State ofCalifornia significant internal costsand resulting in reduced outageschedules.


DWR’s Chrisman Pumping Plant near Bakersfield, California.

News from the Americas

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For your information

In May, 2005, the internationalmembers of the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC),the Technical Committee TC4 –Hydraulic Turbines, held their ple-nary meeting in Stuttgart, Germany.It had been 30 years since thismeeting was held in Germany.

As part of the meeting’s program, theexperts had the opportunity to have a closer look at the long tradition ofsuccessful German hydro powertechnology, its recent achievementsand further perspectives.

The “Brunnenmühle”, corporatetechnology and research and develop-ment facilities of Voith SiemensHydro in Heidenheim, was amongseveral tour stops for this distin-guished group.

In addition, the committee honoredOtto Eichler with the “1906 IECaward” for his intense long-timecontribution to the efforts of numer-ous IEC working groups during his 35 years of active professional lifewithin Voith Siemens Hydro.


IEC meeting back to Germany

The HEA had been founded as anequipment supplier organization in2001 by Voith Siemens Hydro, AlstomPower Hydro and VATech Hydro inorder to jointly promote sustainabledevelopment and public acceptance of hydro power.

HEA’s mission is to participate in thepublic debate about the developmentof energy supply strategies, takingfull account of hydro’s techno-eco-nomical, social, environmental andpolitical aspects and to be a partnerin coalitions that promote goodpractice in hydroelectric projects.

Together with the Chairmanship, theGeneral Secretariate has been moved to Heidenheim and will be coordinatedby Barbara Fischer-Aupperle as theSecretary General.


On May 1, 2005, Dr. Hubert Lienhard of Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation in Heidenheim was named Chairman of the Board of the HydroEquipment Association (HEA).

Dr. Hubert Lienhard – Chairman of HEA

Voith Group Conference 2005 – Working on our innovations

Voith Siemens Hydro introduced itslong-term strategy to extend itsbusiness into the field of alternativegeneration from water, specificallyfrom ocean waves.


More than 700 senior executives andexperts, mainly from Research andDevelopment, gathered over two daysfor fascinating presentations on thelatest and most future-oriented devel-opments of Voith’s paper, hydro, andtransmission divisions.

April 2005 saw the second major Voith Group Conference in Ulm – bigger,more colorful and even more motivational than the previous event “Workingon our future” in 2002.

Miscellaneous

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The company which was founded in1990 is a leader in the construction of wave energy systems and in theresearch and development of thistechnology.

Wavegen is also expert in so-calledpower take-off (PTO) systems –power extraction systems operatingvia turbines and generators.

For the commercialization of existingtechnologies for near-shore powerstations, a number of projects havealready been identified. Consulting,concept, operating and maintenanceservices for wave-to-wire plants, aswell as the development of newtechnologies for energy generationfrom ocean currents, are also part ofthe future activities of the company.

Voith Siemens Hydro envisages itsfuture strategic orientation, jointlyundertaken with Wavegen, in thecommercialization of existing tech-nologies for shoreline and near-shorepower stations.


As a step to boost the development of innovative technologies for energygeneration from water and to assume a leading role in the field of wave energy, Voith Siemens Hydro in May 2005 purchased Wavegen in Inverness,Scotland.

Investment into future-oriented wave energy

Wave tank in Inverness.

Man’s preoccupation with tea can beattributed to the Chinese. Consump-tion of tea lay at the philosophical andcultural heart of the Empire. Today, however, the largest consumerof tea is India, with around 640,000tons annually, followed closely byChina with around 466,000 tons. The nation with the largest tea con-sumption per capita is Paraguay,where 14.6 cups are drunk per personper day.

Numerous legends surround thediscovery of this drink. A gust of windis said to have helped the ChineseEmperor Shen Nung (2737 BC). A fewtea leaves blew into a kettle of boilingwater and gave off an aroma thatappealed to him. The new drinkimpressed the Emperor so much thathe introduced the entire land to teadrinking.

With a worldwide annual production of around 2.9 million tons, tea is theworld’s most popular drink. In certain regions, however, it is much morethan that. In large areas of Asia, the aromatic infusion has been used forover 3000 years as a religious and cultural drink. The tea plant is, besidesrice and wheat, one of humanity’s oldest useful plants.

Tea – more than just a drink

Essay

In 552 AD, Buddhist monks broughtthe art of tea preparation to Japan. To this very day, the term “teaism”refers to the Japanese people’salmost religious devotion to tea.

In the 8th century, several tea mer-chants commissioned the Chineseauthor Luh Yü to write a three-volumebook about tea.

The result was the first documentedhistory of tea, which was at the sametime a hymn of praise for the highlypopular drink. Ever since, Luh Yü hasbeen regarded as the patron saint oftea.

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Tea picking is a craft that requiresconsiderable experience, for the timeof picking has a considerable effecton the color and flavor of the endproduct. Harvesting takes place up tothree times per year. In spring comesthe “first flush”, in summer the “sec-ond flush” and in autumn the “autum-nal”. For the highest-quality teas, thepickers take only the bud and twoleaves from the shoot.

Traditionally, tea is produced in fourdifferent varieties. White tea – socalled because the downy hairs on theunderside of the dried tea leaves havea silver-white appearance – is madewhen young shoots are harvestedand, like herbs, dried without beingfermented. Only the best tea varietiesare suitable for preparation in thismanner. For green tea, the leaveswither in iron pans over a fire beforedrying. Oolong is produced by shak-ing tea in wicker baskets after har-vesting, then fermenting the juicereleased with the oxygen in the air.

This process is halted by heating theleaves in iron pans. Black tea – whichis actually called red tea in East Asia –is made in the same way as Oolong,but the fermentation process is notinterrupted. The final tea product canthen be classified as “leaf tea”(pekoe), “broken tea” (broken pekoe),fannings or dust, both of which aresuitable only for teabags.

The Champagne of tea varietiescomes from Darjeeling in North-EastIndia. The cultivated areas of the3,000 km2 region are at a height ofaround 2,000 m, on the south slopesof the Himalayas. Darjeeling teas havea light, gently aromatic flavor.

Assam from North India, grown in a high region, almost as large as Germany, and near the Brahmaputrariver, is strong, dark and spicy.

Hangzhou in China produces a flow-ery, natural green tea. Tea from Japanis rarely seen in shops abroad, sinceit is consumed in large quantitieswithin the country. The somewhatcooler climate gives it a specialquality.

In Japan and China, tea is preparedand enjoyed rather differently fromwestern countries. Strainers are notused – on the contrary, hot water ispoured directly onto the tea in the cupor the pot. The wet tea leaves areheavier than water and thereforebreak apart. Moreover, whole tealeaves tend to be reused, and aresteeped up to three times. But regard-less of the method of preparation, teagives water a flavor that is appreciat-ed throughout the world – and thepurer the water, the better the tea willtaste.

Voith Siemens HydroPower Generation GmbH & Co. KGAlexanderstraße 1189522 Heidenheim/GermanyTel. +49 7321 37 68 48Fax +49 7321 37 78 28www.voithsiemens.com

Editorial coordination:Barbara Fischer-Aupperle

Copyright 2005 Reproduction permitted,provided source is given.

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