hydropower dams by: brittany marshall and maddy bergethon
TRANSCRIPT
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Hydropower Dams
By: Brittany Marshall and Maddy Bergethon
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Basics
• Relies on the water cycle• AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current)• AC is easier to use• Mechanical energy is harnessed from the
water and used to spin the turbines
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History
Using water for energy= back to Romans and Egyptians= water wheelFirst water source to make electricity was in 18821903 began the rush of making them
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Pros
• Very reliable power source• Generates a lot of power
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Cons
Causes lots of floodingDisplaces wildlife= sufferingMigrating fish= dying
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Weird Fact
• New Scientist claims that hydropower dams actually produce more greenhouse gasses than fossil fuel plants
• By deforestation
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Turbine Types
• Impulse- – changes potential energy to kinetic energy– uses Newton’s 2nd law of motion– takes momentum of water and forces turbines to move– doesn’t have to be submerged or enclosed
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Turbine Types
ReactionUse water pressure to spin turbineHas to be incased or completely under waterMost common typeUses Newton’s 3rd law of motion
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Maintenance
• Designed to run for a long time• Little maintenance• Water erosion• Gets hit by rock/stick or other debris in water
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Steps of Hydropower Dam
1. Dams holds water back in reservoir2. Gates open and gravity pulls water through
penstock and into powerhouse; pressure builds
3. Water hits large blades of turbine making them turn
4. Turbine blades turn together with series of magnets in generator
5. Magnets rotate past copper coils= AC current
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Steps Continued
6. Transformer converts AC to higher voltage
7. Goes through power lines to customers
8. Used water is carried through overflow pipes and goes back to river; downstream
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Hydropower in the US• Largest renewable
resource • 7% of our power• #2 producer with 306
billion kilowatts per hour(Canada = #1)• Generate enough to
support 28 million households
• = 50 million barrels of gas
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Hydropower in the World
• 24% of the world electricity• 674,000 megawatts• Equivalent to 3.6 billion barrels of oil• Supply 1 billion people with power• 88% of the renewable energy sources• Norway= 99%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! WOW!!!!!!!!!!!
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Hydropower in the World
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Top 31. Three Gorges Dam- China, construction started in
2008 and has not yet been finished when finished will generate around 22,500 megawatts.
2. Itaipu- Brazil & Paraguay, finished in 2003, generates around 14,000 megawatts
3. Guri- Venezuela, completed in 1986, generates around 10,200 megawatts
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Citations
• http://drake.marin.k12.ca.us/stuwork/rockwater/Upload%20this%20doc--dams%20and%20hydropower%20report/history,%20water%20project.html
• http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Ge-Hy/Hydroelectric-Power.html
• http://www.morriscanal.org/tech.htm
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The End!!!