HYDROGEN ENGINE

INTRODUCTION• The Hydrogen vehicles convert the chemical energy of

hydrogen to mechanical energy either by burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine or by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell to run electric motors.

• Alternative fuels not only burn cleaner - producing lower emissions - but some are even renewable, unlike fossil fuels, which means we could develop a continuous supply of them.

• The alternative fuels in use today include ethanol, biodiesel, methanol, natural gas, propane, electricity, and hydrogen.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF HYDROGEN ENGINE

• Hydrogen engines are considered by many people to be an excellent alternative to fossil fuel engines.

• A hydrogen fuel cell engine works by mixing hydrogen and oxygen, generating electricity during the electrolysis.

EXTRACTS OF HYDROGEN

HHO PROPERTIES1.HHO Gas proves to be odorless, colorless and lighter than air.

2.HHO has a number of distinct features that distinguish it from water vapor, Brown gas and other variants.

3.In the production of HHO Gas, there is no evaporation process at all, the electric energy used being in-sufficient for evaporation.

4.HHO Gas does not follow the fundamental PVT Law for gases.

5.HHO Gas instantaneously melts tungsten, bricks, and other highly refractive substances.

ELECTROLYSIS

• Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water (H2O) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen gas (H2) due to an electric current being passed through the water.

• The generated amount of hydrogen is twice the amount of oxygen, and both are proportional to the total electrical charge that was sent through the water.

ELECTROLYSIS EQUATION

• The electrons required for this reduction will come from the power source.

4H2O + 4 e- → 2 H2 + 4 OH-

• Finally we can simplify our overall equation to:2 H2O (l) → 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g)

HHO GENERATOR

•The HHO Generator is really an electrolysis device, based on an invention from the late 19th century.

•Hydrogen fuel cells, also known as HHO Fuel Cells, are designed to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engine.

HHO PREPARATIONGENERATOR • Four electrodes (Tubes) are about

3mm thick and 1”, ¾”, ½” inch long stainless steel (304 Grades). An 8mm gas vent hole is drilled for gas outlet to the cap. The electrolyte level is always about 25mm below the gas vent hole

• They are arranged in an alternate manner (– + –) The two negatively charged electrodes are connected each other through gas welding. Each electrolyzer contains four set of electrodes.

ENGINE EFFICIENCY

BASED ON THE ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS, the following power calculations are done:

The nomenclature of following terms:

N = Speed of the engine in rpm

T = torque transmitted, N-m

Pm = Mean effective pressure, N/m2

L = stroke length, m

A = Area of cylinder, m2

K = number of cylinders

= Efficiency.Ƞ

1.BRAKE POWER = 2πNT/60000 Watt

2.INDICATED POWER=PLANK/60 Watt

Where P-PRESSUREL-STROKE LENGTHA-AREAN-NO OF REVOLUTIONSK-NO OF CYLINDERS

3.FRICTIONAL POWER = INDICATED POWER – BRAKE POWER

4.MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY

MechanicalȠ =BRAKEPOWER/INDICATEDPOWER

5.THERMAL EFFICIENCY

Thermal =(BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCYȠ / MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY)100

WHERE BREAK THERMAL EFFICIENCY=

WORK DELIVERED BY THE ENGINE/ CHEMICAL ENERGY IN THE FUEL

6. RELATIVE EFFICIENCY

Relative =BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCYȠ / AIR-STANDARD EFFICIENCY

7.AIR-STANDARD EFFICIENCY

air-standard = air =1-1/(r )Ƞ Ƞ γγ-1-1

HYDROGEN ON DEMAND

• With this system the HHO generator only makes the hydroxyl gas when the vehicle will use "on demand", there is no high pressure hydrogen tank to around waiting for an explosion. The regulation of power supply to the electrolyzer is controlled by the ignition switch.

COMPARISION FOR NORMAL ENGINE AND HYDROGEN ENGINE EFFICIENCY

NORMAL ENGINE

• Engine efficiency refers to an engine's ability to transform the available energy from its fuel into useful work power. The modern gasoline combustion engine operates at an average of roughly 20 to 30 percent engine efficiency. The remaining 70 to 80 percent of the gasoline's heat energy is expelled from the engine as either exhaust heat, mechanical sound energy or friction loss. At idle, the engine efficiency is zero since the engine is not moving the vehicle and is only operating accessories, such as the water pump and generator.

HYDROGEN ENGINE

• Hydrogen engine provides a high torque density, high power density, efficient engines. Hydrogen is used because it burns 7 to 9 times faster than high carbon fuels. Due to the relative instantaneity of the explosive event during ignition, there is less of the wasted translational energy that is found in traditional internal combustion engines. The combustion chamber is effectively cooled by massive amounts of air prior to hydrogen ignition.

• Hydrogen engine efficiency will be approximately 65%+

COMPARISION FOR NORMAL BIKE AND HYDROGEN BIKE

NORMAL BIKE1) The speed may reach 30-160

kmph depending on the engine cc.

2) It carries flammable fuels such as petrol, diesel.

3) Travelling long distance on these is very convenient.

HYDROGEN BIKE1) Same as normal bike, it reach

30-160 kmph depending on the engine cc.

2) Compared to normal bike it carries flammable fuels in less amount

3) Travelling long distance on these is very convenient.

CONCLUSION

In our project we are driving a normal petrol bike using HHO gas as a fuel. By simply placing the HHO generator, bike is running with HHO gas as a fuel. It is successfully working and it reduces the emissions. So many researches are undergoing on Green engines in Automobile industry. By adding some additional equipment to this project it will work efficiently. By using this technology in automobile will drastically reduce the emissions and be helpful in rapid development of the mankind on the whole. This technology has great promises and will help in creating a clean & green world for our future generations. Thus this project work is much useful in all the growth of automobile industry.

BIBILOGRAPHY• www.google.com• www.wikipedia.com • I C Engines by V GANESAN• Automobile Engineering by KIRPAL SINGH• www.greenfuelh20.com• www.h2hydrogen.com• www.hhocarfuelcell.com• www.hhoplus.com

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