hutong architecture school project portfolio (early version)

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LULU LE LI 2012-2013 UNIT 22 Izaskun Chinchilla, Carlos Jimenez EXERCISE 3 HUTONG ARCHITECTURE SCHOOL PROJECT Jan - May 2013

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Final Project. Hutong Architecture School Design, 2013

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  • LULU LE LI 2012-2013UNIT 22 Izaskun Chinchilla, Carlos Jimenez

    EXERCISE 3HUTONG ARCHITECTURE SCHOOL PROJECTJan - May 2013

  • - HUToNg HIsTory - The Layout and size of Beijing city has changed and expanded a lot through its more than 3000 year history (since Li 1046b.c.). Above are the

    key transformations of the city and the Hutong formantion.

    - HUTONG HISTORY - e layout and size of Beijing city has changed and expanded a lot through its more than 3000 years history (since Li 1046b.c.). Above are the

    key transformations of the city and the Hutong formation.

    Hutong and courtyard houses as the most fundamental urban element in old Beijing.

    Hutongs Formation in Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)

    Street - Hutong - Courtyard house system and hierarchy diagram

    The city plan

    The district plan

    The courtyard house plan

    The historical transformation of Beijing city

    Li

    Modern Beijing

    Liao Jin Yuan Ming & Qing

    Mass culture: Street - Hutong - Courtyard house

    Royal Elite culture

    HistoricalBeijing

    Royal Palace

    Temples& Tombs

    Gardens

    Hutong fabric

    The term Hutong rst appeared during the Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368), and is a term of Mongolian origin meaning water well. The Hutong houses were rst arranged in order around water wells for nobles and heroes as feudal estates.

    The map of Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)The shift of the commercial and business area due to the division between the Man and Han ethnic groups. Man as the royal ethnic

    lived mainly in the inner city, Han as the mass and main population stayed mainly in the outer city.

    The map of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)

    City layout shift

    Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty

    Inner city wall

    Royal city wall

    Forbidden Palace wall

    Outer city wall

    City layout analysis

    The rise of Hutong market

  • - HUToNg IN moderN erA - Urban development, Hutongs decline and transformation.

    - HUTONG IN MODERN ERA - Urban development, Hutongs decline and transformation.

    18991966

    Beijing has the quality of an articial naturalism, by that i mean there is nowhere too crowded nor too quiet: even the smallest Hutong house has trees in the courtyard; even the largest open area is not far

    from commercial and residential blocks. This layout, in my experience, is the most perfect. LaoShe (1899-1966) Miss Beijing

    In 1949, after the establishment of the New Chinese government, the city planners realised that Beijing could not full the role of a modern 20th century capital. In the same year, the Beijing urban planning committee was established. This committee invited experts from the Soviet Union and China, to develop concepts for Beijings urban development plan. These experts had diverse opinions and suggestions. Notably, architect Liang-Si-Cheng proposed keeping the old city and building a new city outside of the city walls.

    The plans suggested had three common points: 1) Beijing should develop not only as the political capital of China, but also as an industrial, cultural and artistic centre. 2) The population of the city centre should be controlled not to exceed 4 million. 3) The city layout should radiate from the centre, integrating a series of ringroads.

    In the spring of 1958, the Beijing city government adopted the Beijing City Construction Master Plan. This plan is based on the child- mother city concept, proposed a main central city surrounded by 40 satellite towns. To promote industrial development, the Central Government announced that the character of Beijing should change from a Consumer to a Producer city. The resulting emphasis on industrialisation, including the construction of communal factories within the inner city, led to unforeseen levels of pollution and trac congestion.

    Beijings urban development over the past 50 years

    A draft plan of Beijing city in 50s Liang-Si-Cheng plan

    From 1966 to 1976, during the Cultural Revolution, Beijing underwent enormous changes and many of the citys ancient structures were irrevocably damaged. The Beijing City Planning Oce was closed down, resulting in the uncontrolled occupation and development of land. Large numbers of people drifted into the city during this period, sowing the seeds of todays over-population in residential courtyards.

    After 1978, the political and economical situation improved rapidly. In 1983, the State Council approved a new Beijing City Construction Master Plan. The plan included provisions for industrial development, population control, upgrading of the old city and improvement of basic infrastructure. This plan forms the basis of present-day road-building projects. Under the Open Door Policy, China transformed from a planned to a market economy system. A new plan for Beijings development was adopted, reecting the changing political and economic climate.

    In 1993, the State Council approved the Beijing City Master Plan (1991-2010). The Master plan established Beijings sta-tus as an aspiring internationalcity. It highlightedthe need for balance in integrating cutting edge modern development into Beijings unique ancient heritage. As a result, the municipal government adopted The conservation plan for the historic and cultural city of Beijing in September 2002. This plan gives detailed guidelines for the protection of the old city. Implementation of this conservation plan is, as yet, unrealised.

    A plan of Beijing city in 1980s

    The map of Beijing (1949)

    At the turn of the 20th century, the Qing court was disintegrating as Chinas dynastic era came to an end. The traditional arrangement of hutongs was also aected. Many new hutongs, built haphazardly and with no apparent plan, began to appear on the outskirts of the old city, while the old ones lost their former neat appearance. The social stratication of the residents also began to evaporate, reecting the collapse of the feudal system.

    During the period of the Republic of China (1911-1948), society was unstable, fraught with civil wars and repeated for-eign invasions. Beijing deteriorated, the condition of the Hutongs worsened. Courtyard houses previously owned and occupied by single families were subdivided and shared by many households, with additions tacked on as needed, built with whatever materials were available. The 978 Hutongs listed in Qing Dynasty records swelled to 3073 by 1949. (see images bellow)

    Following the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949, almost half of the old Hutongs neighbourhoods have been demolished. Between 3,000 and 4,550 Hutongs have weathered the Cultural Revolution and mass industrialization to survive in various states of dilapidation. (Based on the data from the Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Her-itage). Hutong was a platform for media display. The walls in the Hutongs were used primarily for political propaganda and advertisement in the context of the Cultural Revolution. (see image on the page after)

    Hutong transformation in 20th century

    Crowded Hutong is a hotchpotch of the old and the new with Qing dynasty courtyard houses riddled with mod-ern brick outhouses and socialist-era conversions

    Hutong as media display

    Protected hutong area and celebrity memorials

    However, many of Beijings ancient hutongs still stand today. More recently, 539 of them have been designated as pro-tected areas in an attempt to preserve Chinese cultural heritage. The old neighborhoods survived today, oering a glimpse of life in the capital city as it has been for generations. (see images bellow)

    Many hutongs, some several hundred years old, in the vicinity of the Bell Tower and Drum Tower and Shichahai Lake are preserved amongst recreated contemporary two and three-storey versions. This area abounds with tourists, many of which tour the quarter in pedicabs.

    Map showing the Hutongs been demolised between 1949 to 2002.

    The decline of Hutong

    Chinese charactor meaning demolish Hutong under demolition

    Hutong threatened

    With the 1949 communist revolution, the social and cultural values of China were cataclysmically shaken and altered to such an extent that even the long-practiced building methods that had dened urban living in Chinas capital city were viewed as outdated and no longer relevant. Chinese communists sought to create a fresh, new socialist utopia, and any cultural icon (including siheyuans) of Chinas past became suspect. In a race to build up Chinas industrial capacity, many siheyuans were destroyed.

    Also, younger people became more nancially important, which shifted their roles in the family, encouraging them to move away from the multi-generational siheyuans and into their own homes. Urbanization was another factor that diused the family members. Many people left their native homes and headed to dierent cities seeking better jobs.

    Since the 1980s, the Chinese government has been implementing a housing relocation plan called the Weigai system (Old and Dilapidated Housing Redevelopment) . The goal is to transform old hutongs into new high-density residential neighborhoods with modern utilities, but its lead to a mass destruction of Beijings cultural assets. During that era, more than 200,000 families were relocated and their courtyard houses were demolished.

    Many siheyuans have also been demolished for the citys concentric circled ring-road highway system, developed in the 1990s. The 2008 Olympics Games put even more pressure on these unique aspects of Chinas cultural heritage, and Beijing further accelerated the destruction of courtyard houses to make way for sports venues and infrastructure for the games. Between 1990 and 1998, 45.2 million square feet of courtyard houses were demolished, and 150.7 million square feet of siheyuans have been destroyed since the early 1950s.

    Weigai project area in 1983 Weigai project planned area in 1991

    1959 Hutong space during the construction of tianan gate square

    Now

  • - HUToNg ArCHITeCTUre - Croutyard house design | Intimate scale | Use of colour | House material and structure

    - HUTONG ARCHITECTURE - Courtyard house design | Intimate scale | Use of colour | House material and structure

    The intimate scale of traditional street and architecture:

    1

    2

    3

    1. Main streets: 20-30 meters wide2. Side streets: 10-20 meters wide3. Hutongs: less than 9 meters wide.

    Most architecture (residential and commercial) in hutong are single storey with a few two-storey ones. Single storey architecture: 3 meters from oor to eave, 5-6 meters tall to the top of the roof.Two-storey architecture: 6 meters from oor to eave, 8-9 meters tall to the top of the roof.Most Hutong are between 3-6 meters wide. Therefore the proportions between the Hutong street and the architecture are normally 2:1, 1:1 or 1:2, which are the most balanced proportions for the spatial experience and intimacy.

    The proportion in Hutong space:

    Hutong around 3m wide Hutong around 6m wide

    1:1 ratio 2:1 ratio

    Houses around 3m high from oor to eave

    Street Hutong

    The contrast between the streets and Hutongs

    Street: Noisy Busy Wide Elevation with open front Very colouful Straight

    Hutongs: Quite Relax Narrow Elevation with solid walls Mainly grey Turns

    Hutong and street elevation

    One of the major attractions of the traditional Courtyard House is its se-cluded and peaceful atmosphere, af-fording a degree of privacy and calm within the citys bustle.1

    Subject to strict restrictions on height, design, color and decoration patterns, so as to show respect to im-perial palace nearby, most Courtyard Houses remain grey one-storey build-ing.

    Courtyard house design

    Undulating Roofscape

    The layering and tranquil environment The use of colour

    Courtyard houses in structureCourtyard houses in Hutong

    Hutong ArchitectureAzevedo, Andre, et al. Beijing Hutong Conservation Study. Beijing: Communication University of China press, 2004.

    Traditional street fabrics formed by Hutongs and courtyard houses

    Building materials: earth bricks and wooden frame

    The typical structure of a medium Courtyard House

    1. Main gate2. Screen wall3. Main courtyard4. Eastern wing room5. Principal room6. Western wing room7. Short-cut corridor8. Reversibly-set room

    1

    2

    4

    6

    7

    8

    3

    5

    Siheyuan (courtyard houses) are the product of 3000 years of accumulated cultural wisdom and building practices, com-bined with the enigmatic theory know as feng shui. Siheyuan emphasize a harmonized relationship with nature and the materials extracted from it: sun-dried brick, wood, and pounded earth.

  • - HUToNg CULTUre - Hutong activities | sound | Traditions

    - HUTONG CULTURE - Hutong activities | Sound | Tradition

    Apart from the visual image of Hutong lifestyle, the sound in the Hutong also played an important part to the Hutong lifestyle. Various tools are used by street salesmen to make a distinct sound to notify hutong communities of their services.

    The sound in the Hutong

    Wedding ceremony Hutong musicShoe repair Hutong birdToee fruit seller Hutong barbercricket seller Salesman

    Thousands of Hutongs spread through out the City of Beijing. The names of Hutongs are like an encyclopedia, which not only reect the historical development of the city, but also represent the social customs.

    Beihai Beijia DaoMeaning a in between lane at the north of Beihai Park. It is a very quite and long narrow Hutong that not many people knows. It is a hidden Hutong with not many things go on in the space, resulted its unique poetic atmosphere.

    Narrow Hutong with the most turns (13 turns in total)

    Narrow Hutong with no windows and doors

    Hutong with courtyard houses on a lower level (a result from long term accumulation)

    Traditional-style hotel in Hutong. some of courtyard houses in Hutong have been purchased and renovated by hotel chains and now function as hotels.

    Development of Hutong tourism

    Traditional-style shopping street. Traditional Hutong experience

    The characteristics of Beijing Hutongs and Courtyard Houses represent an ideal lifestyle in Chinese phi-losophy: to nd serenity in chaos and be creative under the rigidity.

    Hutong as the important public space in old Beijing

  • - INITIAL ApproACH - initial master plan and pop up pages

    pop-Up 1:

    Wall painting and power generating bike.The idea of accumulation and the return of slowness in the Hutong.

    pop-Up 2:

    Folding Hutong walls and furnitures.The idea of flexible use of Hutong spaces for gathering and meetings.

  • - sITe ANALysIs - Bell and drum tower site

    The new development plan and current demolision of the site.

    - SITE ANALYSIS - Bell and Drum tower site

    e new development plan and current demolision of the site.

    Bell Tower

    Bell Tower

    Drum Tower

    Drum Tower

    Dian Gate

    Shouxing Hall

    Jing Hill

    Shenwu Gate

    Qiangqing PalaceQiangqing GateZhonghe HallTaihe HallTaihe GateWu Gate

    Duan Gate

    Tianan Gate

    Daqing Gate

    Zhengyang GateFront Building

    Heavens Bridge

    SITE

    SITE

    Demolition area for line 8 Station

    Demolition area for new museum

    Demolition area for commercial square

    Demolition area for retro shoping mall

    METRO MAP OF BEIJING

    SITE

    LINE 8

  • - sITe ANALysIs -

    study and mapping of Hutongs traditional and existing activities and programs, the associated sound, time line, location and experiential condition.

    06:00

    Barber

    group morning exercise

    Hutong salesmenmobile business and their instru-ments

    Chinese snacks

    Wedding ceremony

    evening exercise

    street artist market

    young people play after school

    relax and chat after dinner

    play chessChatting/reading

    Night street food

    Family dinner

    polish knife and scissors Key maker Toy seller oil sellerCricket seller

    Breakfast

    Individual morning exercise

    Local foodmarket

    Local students go to school

    climb the roof

    Walk birds

    08:00 - 18:00

    06:00 - 08:00

    Time not specific

    Afternoon

    19:00-21:00

    weekend afternoon weekend afternoon

    17:30-19:30

    19:00-21:00

    15:00-17:30

    22:00-24:00

    18:30-20:30

    06:00 - 09:00

    06:00 - 08:00

    09:00 - 18:00

    07:30 - 18:00

    12:00 - 14:00

    07:00 - 10:00

    07:00

    08:00

    09:00

    10:00

    11:00

    12:00

    13:00

    14:00

    15:00

    16:00

    17:00

    18:00

    19:00

    20:00

    21:00

    22:00

    23:00

    24:00

    dry clothes weekend afternoon

  • - sCHooL pHILosopHy ANd edUCATIoNAL sTrUCTUre -

    design is everything, how you eat, how to dress. (Bauhaus)

    Fundamental: Free, open, accessibleNot study based, result oriented education, but the idea of learning, a progressive condition.

    school as an infrastructure that interface with the city.Learning as an intricate part of living, not just for the young.

    moderN sCHooL: Institutional purity education singular educational system Contained and divorced from the world Work and result based Hospital and office like

    proposed ArCHITeCTUre sCHooL:

    dIsBUrsed UNIversITy, as an insertion and overlay to existing fabric Temporary, 7 years life span Interfaces in Hutong, collision with other Hutong programs The value of social and experiential condition Create a reaction with how this Hutong works (visually and program) New network of school, elevated links get between things. With different open and informal learning experience for students and locals

    opeN AIr sCHooL

    HospITAL

    oFFICe BUILdINg

  • - sCHooL ArCHITeCTUre AssessmeNT -

    Historical houses | non-historicals | extentions | demolishedHouse in good condition | weak houses

    potential school sites | potential column houses for supporting school architecture (strong non-historical houses)

    Traditional courtyard house structuresexisting courtyard conditions and structure problems

    potential retrofitting strategies and techniques

    HoUse CoNdITIoN sAmpLe ANALysIs

    NorTH soUTH seCTIoN oF ZHoNg LoU WAN HUToNg No. 58 ANd No. 60

    popULATIoN ANd oWNersHIp

    spACe ArrANgemeNT oF No. 58

    spACe ArrANgemeNT oF No. 60

    TrAdITIoNAL CoUrTyArd HoUse sTrUCTUres CommoN proBLems poTeNTIAL reTroFIT TeCHNIqUes For CoLUmN HoUse

    No. 5812 families, 33peopleAll the buildings are public housing.

    No. 604 families, 14peopleThe main building is privately owned, the rest are public housing.

    original building spaceextension buildingseach family owning space

    No. 58

    No. 58

    BeLL ToWer

    drUm ToWer

    prImAry sCHooL

    No. 60

    No. 60

    Historical houses

    Non-historicals

    extentions

    demolished house

    House in relatively good condition

    potential school sites (courtyard combines historical house and strong Non-historical ones, or demolished site)

    potential column houses for supporting school architecture (strong non-historical houses with further retrofit)

    overly crowded and poorly lit courtyard

    damp walls caused by rising ground humidity

    roof leaks

    sample works

    partially damaged timber structure caused by insects and rot

    1. reinforce timber col-umn foundation/foot-ing using micro-piling

    2. Frp (fibre-reinforced polymer) jacketing the main timber structure. (reinforce and protect columns and beams from insect and moist)

    3. Additional vertical supports in the form of thin carbon fibre post

    4. Additional bracing between column and beams

    5. moment frame insert-ed between walls and timber frames

    6. Brickwall with coatings of glass firber

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.5.6.

  • yeAr 1school started by locating and building the fundamental parts of the school such as the workshop, school canteen and library etc, using existing Hutong courtyard houses.

    yeAr 2school started to develop and expand into the Hutong fabric. more enclosed and temporary outdoor spaces are fabricated by the students.

    yeAr 3most of the key school programs and spaces are established. Including private accommodations, semi-public educational spaces and elevated tem-porary public spaces.

    yeAr 4school reaches its best condition, with all the educational spaces and facilities fully integrated with the local programs and activities.

    yeAr 5some of the temporary structures have reached their limit and began to fail. some of them are replaced and some are demolished depending on the function and program.

    yeAr 6some of the less essential parts of the school are returned to their original function, as temporary residential houses. elevated public structures are gradually removed due to their limited life span.

    yeAr 7Towards the end of the course, all the temporary structures are removed, leaving only few key parts of the school for the start of the its next 7 years cycle.

    - sCHooL LIFe CyCLe ANd deveLopINg pHAses -

    An architecture school grows and dies in respond to its 7 years architecture course cycle. All the temporary structures and house extensions are specifictly designed to have a limited life span of less than 7 years.

    school developes with specific rules at different stages.

    In bigger scale, schools with similar rules are developped at various areas in Hutong, with each at different stages, form a system of Hutong school fireworks.

  • - HUToNg sCHooL CoNCepTUAL pLAN -

    proposed school program, location and icon.

    reCepTIoN

    Lock

    Chair

    stamp

    study tools

    Wheel

    Bird cage

    stroll

    paper fan

    Lantern

    Bowl chopstick and spoon

    Woodwork Tool

    Tea/wine pot

    removable printing

    Incense

    LeCTUre spACe

    sCHooL oFFICe

    UNIT spACe

    BIKe sTorAge

    CrIT spACe

    LIBrAry

    exHIBITIoN spACe

    pHoTo sTUdIo

    sCHooL CANTeeN

    WorKsHop

    CAFe/BAr

    pHoToCopy room

    ACCommodATIoN

  • - CrIT spACe (rUIN) -

    memories | Threshold | porous Boundaries | revealing | Temporary | space for sharing

    reforming the demolished courtyard houses and site in mesh form based on the original outline with thin wooden trusses. It allows both students and locals to use is as temporary spaces for crit or any other activities. paper and other materials can be attached to it

    for different purposes.sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 1FrAme HoUses

  • - CrIT spACe ACTIvITIes -

    Collage drawing showing the use of the frame houses as Crit space for the architecture students.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 1FrAme HoUses

  • - FrAme HoUse ACTIvITIes -

    Collage drawing showing the use of the frame houses as funeral ceremony, as one of the Hutong activities.different papers and other materials can be attached to the house frame and trusses for different purposes and activities.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 1FrAme HoUses

  • - sCHooL CANTeeN -

    Temporary | outdoor | Informal eating space | scale | Hierarchy | porous | Ionic | ritual of eating and sharing

    The design of school canteen plays with the idea of traditional Hutong outdoor dining culture and the ritual of eating and sharing food around round table to encourage social interaction.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 2sCHooL CANTeeN

  • - pAper-WAx TILes -

    detail studies of the wax paper materiality in relationship to the translucent threshold.

    early samples of wax paper tiles.Testing the structure, pattern and light transmittance with different paper insertions, positions of the paper in relation to the wax

    and thickness of the wax.

    Type 1rustic ice-ray patterned papercut inserted in the middle of the cast wax.

    materials:paper cut (120gsm)Wax

    potetial connection to frame: Clamp

    Thickness: 8mm

    Type 4rustic ice-ray patterned papercut inserted in the middle of the cast wax.

    materials:paper cut with tracing paperWax

    potetial connection to frame: Clamp

    Thickness: 3mm

    Type 5shredded paper inserted in the diagnal placed threads net then cast with wax.

    materials:shredded paper piecesCotten thread Wax

    potetial connection to frame: Tie to the frame with threads

    Thickness: 6mm

    Type 6Wax cast with moulded landscapes to form varied depth and thickness.

    materials:Thick cardboard Wax

    potetial connection to frame: Tie to the frame with threads

    Thickness: varies

    Type 7open top wax casting with build in honey-comb paper for reinforcement.

    materials:Honey comb paperWax

    potetial connection to frame: Clamp

    Thickness: 12mm

    Type 8Capped wax casting with build in honey-comb paper for reinforcement.

    materials:Honey comb paperWax

    potetial connection to frame: Clamp

    Thickness: 12mm

    Type 9rustic ice-ray patterned papercut placed at the bottom of the cast wax.

    materials:paper cut (120gsm)Wax

    potetial connection to frame: Clamp

    Thickness: 7mm

    Type 2rustic ice-ray patterned papercut placed at the top of the cast wax to control amount of light transmittance.

    materials:paper cut (120gsm)Wax

    potetial connection to frame: Clamp

    Thickness: 6mm

    Type 3paper strips inserted in the threads net and then cast with wax.

    materials:paper stripsWaxCotten thread

    potetial connection to frame: Tie to the frame with threads

    Thickness: 11mm

    sAmpLes WITH BACK LIgHT sAmpLes mAKINg proCess LIgHT TrANsmITTANCe

  • - sCHooL LIBrAry -

    Continuity | Translucent threshold | Intimate while retaining connection to the surroundings | revealing | Lighting | Framing | melting and changing

    The design of the library focuses on the idea of translucent threshold and multiple access to encourage the sharing of the library between the students and local residents.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 3sCHooL LIBrAry

  • - sCHooL LIBrAry ANALysIs-

    exploded isometric drawing showing the spatial relationship and use of part of the library.

    site plan, floor plans and elevation are used to explain the overall spatial configuration of the library and functions of different spaces.

    sITe pLAN | ACCess

    eLevATIoN

    rooF pLAN

    groUNd FLoor pLAN

    sITe pLAN | ACCess

    primary school

    1

    1

    1

    2

    3

    34

    5

    57 8

    9

    9

    10

    11

    10

    12

    12

    13

    14

    14

    9

    5

    6

    6

    Key:

    1. Landing with garden and rooftop view 2. raised open reading space3. Informal reading space on rooftop4. raised open meeting space5. rooftop informal meeting space with paper filter openings6. Timber truss threshold7. Wax rotating entrance8. rooftop open platform reading space9. semi-open reading space with garden view10. enclosed reading space11. Library reception/IT desks12. Library book shelves13. Computer and research room14. Courtyard space

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 3sCHooL LIBrAry

  • - sCHooL LIBrAry Key eLemeNTs-

    The design of the furniture used in the library focuses on the idea of providing a pleasant and calm reading environment. paper and wax play an important role in terms of filtering the sunlight during the day, providing candle-light in the evening, and also work as

    thermal isolations and heat for the reading spaces.

    sTAIrs | BooKsHeLF

    pAper LIgHT FILTer | pLANTs dIspLAy WAx pAper TABLe

    drAppINg BALUsTrAde

    TrANsLUCeNT WAx THresHoLd | eNTrANCeTImBer TrUss THresHoLd

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 3sCHooL LIBrAry

  • - sCHooL LIBrAry perspeCTIves-

    Library courtyard space in winter at dusk. Translucent space with cracks on wax panels.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 3sCHooL LIBrAry

  • - sCHooL LIBrAry perspeCTIves-

    entrance view in summer at noon.melting wax facade and red timber panels in contrast with dark grey existing architecture.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 3sCHooL LIBrAry

  • - sCHooL LIBrAry perspeCTIves-

    roofscape view in spring on a rainy day. red painted water-proof timber panels added colour to the otherwise grey Hutong fabric.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 3sCHooL LIBrAry

  • - sCHooL LIBrAry TABLe pHysICAL modeL-

    The design of the library table plays with the idea of revealing and uses fire as the main source for lighting and heating in the library.

    The wax contained in the table can provide light and heat for more than a week, and gradually reveals the painting underneath. New wax blocks can be replaced on request.

    drAWINg TABLe BUrNINg TesTsCALe 1:10

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 3sCHooL LIBrAry

  • - sCHooL WorKsHop -

    Flexible spaces | porous structure| Natural lighting | ventilation | Temporary and experimental structure | open space | multiple access

    The design of the workshop focuses on the flexibility of the spaces and furniture, and encourages the sharing of the workshop facilities be-tween locals and students.

    open crafting classes are set up regularly to train locals and students with specific crafting skills. sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 4sCHooL WorKsHop

  • - WorKsHop ANALysIs-

    exploded isometric drawing showing the spatial relationship of the workshop.

    site plan and floor plans are used to explain the overall spatial configuration of the workshop and its functions.

    Historical houses Non-historicals

    extentions House in relatively good condition

    Column houses for supporting school architecture (strong non-historical houses with further retrofit)

    sITe sTrATegy

    The courtyard is choosen for workshop as it has a combination of historical architecture and strong non-historical ones which can be reinforced further to support the elevated workshop flatform. Also its ideal location close to the primary school allows informal workshop classes to be carried out collabrating with the school, for local children to learn and practice craft at a young age. The extentions in the courtyard will be removed before any workshop construction to return to the courtyards original layout.

    primary school

    Key:

    1. public pavilion for informal crafting class2. entrance to the workshop3. stair access to elevated platform4. elevated platform5. Ladder access to elevated platform6. rotating storage7. recess entrance to workshop8. Folding work tables and benches9. stairs and tables for relaxing and chatting10. Informal outdoor work tables11. Indoor formal work benches12. Workshop tools and machines for working on wood13. Laser cutter with computers14. 3d printer15. CNC machine with computer control16. Workshop office17. Workshop material storage18. Workshop wood panel storage19. Workshop tools and machine for materilas other than wood20. screen wall

    rooF pLAN | ACCess

    groUNd FLoor pLAN | ACCess

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    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 4sCHooL WorKsHop

  • - sCHooL WorKsHop Key eLemeNTs-

    The design of the key elements for the workshop focuses on the flexibility of the use, so it can be shared between local kids, local adults, school students and others. people can set up the working space based on their needs and preference.

    spINNINg WorKsHop sTorAge

    FLexIBALe INFormAL WorKBeNCH Type 1

    FLexIBALe INFormAL WorKBeNCH Type 2

    FoLdINg WALLs ANd pLATForm |reCess eNTrANCe

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 4sCHooL WorKsHop

  • - WorKsHop eNTrANCe perspeCTIve -

    perspective drawings showing the workshop entrance and its relationship to the Hutong layout.The morning and late afternnon activities are collaged to the perspective to show the use of the space at different time of the day,

    and how the school program and Hutong activities share the same space and react to each other.

    BreAKFAsTTraditional Beijing breakfast is served in Hutong from 6am -9am normally.

    CHess gAmesLocal people play chess in the afternoon in the Hutong when they dont need to work.

    KNIFesmITHLocal knifesmith works around the workshop helps people to sharpen their knife and helps to maintain the workshop occassionaly.

    WorKsHopsporTsLocal kinds play sports such as football, pingpong, sand bags etc after school and before dnner.

    opeN WorKsHop CLAssesInformal workshop class is open to local kids evreyday from 4pm - 5:30pm after school. The class focuses on model making and craft, which is organised by architecture school students and is collabrated with the local primary school.

    BreAKFAsT

    WorKsHopWorkshop opens from 9am - 6pm monday to saturday.

    morNINg mArKeTFresh vegetables and fruits are sold in the morning market from 7am - 9am during weekdays.

    morNINg mArKeT morNINg mArKeT

    prImAry sCHooLparent or grandparent takes the child to primary school around 7:30am monday to Friday.

    morNINg mArKeT

    ALL dAy TrAdITIoNAL FoodBeijing traditional bread are served all day in the Hutong.

    ALL dAy TrAdITIoNAL Food

    morNINg ACTIvITIes 7Am-9Am

    AFTerNooN ACTIvITIes 4pm-6pm

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 4sCHooL WorKsHop

  • - WorKsHop CoUrTyArd perspeCTIve -

    perspective drawings showing the courtyard space of the workshop, which is the informal crafting area shared by students and local people.

    All day workshop activities are collaged to the perspective to show the use of the space by different people.

    eLevATed pLATFormLocal young people can access the elevated platform to make models or origamis with better views. The baket can be used to lift tools from bellow.

    WorKsHop spINNINg sTorAgeThe round storage is used to store all the workshop tools, it can be rotated to access different storages.

    INFormAL WorKBeNCH 1Informal workbenches are provided in the courtyard space for anyone to use during the day for model making or crafting etc. The workbenches are de-signed at different height for people at different ages.

    CoNsULTINg LoCAL CrAFTINg experTsLocal crafting experts are employed in the workshop for students who need professional help.

    INFormAL WorKBeNCH 1

    INFormAL WorKBeNCH 2Informal workbenches are provided in the courtyard space for anyone to use during the day for model making or crafting etc. The work top can be placed either at the top of the supporting shelves or inserted in between the slots for a flexible height and position of the work top.

    mULTIpLe ACCessThe workshop has multiple access allowing different people to use it and share it at different time of the day.

    eLevATed resTINg pLACevaries elevated resting spot are designed for people to take rest with good views.

    ALL dAy ACTIvITIes 9Am-6pm

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 1 - pHAse 4sCHooL WorKsHop

  • - pAper-WAx TILes -

    detail studies of the paper-wax materiality in relationship to the translucent threshold.

    prototype of wax-paper tiles at scale 1:2

    Type 1

    rustic ice-ray patterned paper cut inserted in the middle of the cast wax.

    materials:paper cut (120gsm)

    Fully refined paraffin wax

    Connection to frame: Clamped by wooden frame

    Thickness: 5mm- 12mm, bigger tiles with greater thickness

    Type 1

    Wax casted with honey-comb paper insertion. The honey-comb paper is the same thickness as the wax tile.

    materials:Honey-comb crafting paperFully refined paraffin wax

    Connection to frame: Clamped by wooden frame and brass clips

    Thickness: 12mm

    Type 1

    various width of shredded paper strips are waved in between the cotton thread net, which is stitched to the frame. The paper strips and cotton threads are acting together

    as light filter and reinforcement.

    materials:paper strips

    Fully refined paraffin waxCotton threads

    potential connection to frame: Tie to the frame with threads

    Thickness: 10mm

  • - pAper-WAx TILe sTrUCTUAL perFormANCe-

    prototype of paper-wax tiles at scale 1:1structural performance of the paper-wax tiles are tested with 3 different tile designs.

  • - pAper-WAx TILe LIgHT TrANsmIssIoN perFormANCe-

    prototype of paper-wax tiles at scale 1:1Light transmission performance of the paper-wax tiles are tested with 3 different tile designs.

  • - pAper-WAx TILe meLTINg perFormANCe-

    prototype of paper-wax tiles at scale 1:1melting performance of the paper-wax tiles are tested with 3 different tile designs.

  • - drAWINg sTUdIo pHysICAL modeL -

    Natural lighting | Candle light | Transition between interior and exterior | Transition between furniture and architecture | retrofit existing architecture | Calm atmosphere

    soUTHeAsT eLevATIoNsCALe 1:10

    ACCess To THe rooFTop Top IsomeTrIC FroNT eLevATIoN

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    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 2 - pHAse 1drAWINg sTUdIo

  • - drAWINg sTUdIo pHysICAL modeL -

    Natural lighting | Candle light | Transition between interior and exterior | Transition between furniture and architecture | retrofit existing architecture | Calm atmosphere

    NorTHWesT eLevATIoNsCALe 1:10

    Top IsomeTrIC THe sTUdIo eNTrANCe sCreeN deTAILs

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    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 2 - pHAse 1drAWINg sTUdIo

  • - drAWINg sTUdIo pHysICAL modeL -

    Natural lighting | Candle light | Transition between interior and exterior | Transition between furniture and architecture | retrofit existing architecture | Calm atmosphere

    WesT eLevATIoNsCALe 1:10

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    rAIsed pLATForm sTUdIo CorrIdor CUrTAIN WAx WALL deTAIL sTUdIo dIspLAy spACe

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    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 2 - pHAse 1drAWINg sTUdIo

  • - drAWINg sTUdIo pHysICAL modeL -

    Natural lighting | Candle light | Transition between interior and exterior | Transition between furniture and architecture | retrofit existing architecture | Calm atmosphere

    soUTHWesT eLevATIoNsCALe 1:10

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    CeILINg LIgHT sCreeN deTAIL drAWINg FUrNITUre deTAIL CANdLe HoLder deTAIL

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    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 2 - pHAse 1drAWINg sTUdIo

  • - drAWINg TABLe pHysICAL modeL -

    The design of the drawing table works as a light-box and uses fire as the main source for lighting and heating in the drawing studio.The wax contained in the table can provide light and heat for roughly one week. New wax blocks can be replaced on request.

    drAWINg TABLe deTAILssCALe 1:10

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 2 - pHAse 1drAWINg sTUdIo

  • - mAIN drAWINg sTUdIo ComposITe drAWINg -

    Composite drawing of the main drawing studio: pLAN and eLevATIoN. (not to scale)perspective drawing of the drawing studio interior design.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 2 - pHAse 1drAWINg sTUdIo

  • - sCHooL LeCTUre HALL -

    Natural lighting | Transition between interior and exterior | Transition between furniture and architecture | retrofit existing architecture | existing architecture as structural support | multiple access | Flexible use and sharing spaces

    The design of the lecture hall focuses on the semi-public spaces for open lectures and the idea of sharing knowledge between architecture students and other societies.

    The open Hutong lecture space, semi-open courtyard lecture space and semi-enclosed indoor lecture space allows free access to different classes. The open Hutong lecture space can also be used as theatre over weekend to encourage traditional Hutong activities and performances.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 2 - pHAse 2LeCTUre HALL

  • - LeCTUre HALL perspeCTIve seCTIoN-

    perspective sections showing the transition between the exterior and interior lecture space and different uses of the lecture space at different time.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 2 - pHAse 2LeCTUre HALL

    CoUrTyArd opeN LeCTUresCHooL LeCTUre spACeFree pUBLIC spACe

    pUBLIC perFormANCe sTAge | opeN THeATre

    WeeKeNd INdoor groUp ACTIvITIes WeeKeNd pUBLIC meeTINg spACe

    WeeKdAy ACTIvITIes

    WeeKeNd ACTIvITIes

  • - opeN LeCTUre spACe perspeCTIve -

    perspective drawing showing the open lecture space extended to the Hutong alleyway, which can potentially be used for open lectures or as a public theatre.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 2 - pHAse 2LeCTUre HALL

  • - eNCLosed LeCTUre spACe perspeCTIve -

    perspective drawing showing the retrofitting of the existing architecture and the exposed structure for the indoor lecture space.

    Natural lighting and candle light are used as the main lighting strategy.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 2 - pHAse 2LeCTUre HALL

  • - CoUrTyArd LeCTUre spACe perspeCTIve -

    perspective drawing showing the semi-public lecture space in the courtyard with raised viewing platforms sitting on top of existing courtyard houses.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 2 - pHAse 2LeCTUre HALL

  • - mAIN LeCTUre HALL ANALysIs-

    exploded isometrics showing the design configuration, the structural and retrofitting strategies of the main lecture hall.

    sCHooL CoNsTrUCTIoNyeAr 2 - pHAse 2LeCTUre HALL