Human Microbiota

Microbes are normally found in and on the human body

The following sites are “hotspots” for microbial life

Let’s explore these five

regions

Some microbes are native, normally found in the body

Some microbes are introduced, suddenly arriving at a new residence in the body

NoseThe interior lining of the nose contains mucus secreting glands. A wide variety of microbes are normally found there. Here’s a few:• Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria forms a

biofilm that coats the mucosal lining

• Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is fine when kept under control by a protease found in S. epidermidis, but if left to grow out of control, S. aureus can become pathogenic and cause infection

Nose

• Aspergillus fungal spores are often inhaled through the nose.

If the immune system fails to clear these, mold can grow in the lungs

• Corynebacterium accolens bacteria is rarely a pathogen, but

if it enters the bloodstream due to a torn blood vessel, it can cause serious infections

Oral CavityThe oral cavity has a wide variety of microbes normally found there. Here’s a few:

• Fusobacterium sp. bacteria is a larger bacteria that helps form a scaffold for many other bacteria in the oral biofilm.

• Streptococcus mitis bacteria typically forms a biofilm on the

hard enamel surfaces of the teeth. If gums get inflamed, it can enter the bloodstream and cause infection

Oral Cavity

• Prevotella sp. bacteria have natural antibiotic resistance genes. They can attach to epithelial cells or other bacteria and cause larger infections in inflamed areas.

• Candida albicans fungus can cause oral infection known as thrush

Skin• Propionibacterium acnes

• Staphylococcus epidermidis

• Staphylococcus aureus

• Trichophyton and Microsporum fungi feast on keratin in the skin and cause ringworm fungal infections

Gut

• Ruminococcus sp. bacteria can be found in significantly high numbers in the gut flora. They break down cellulose in the gut, helping with digestion.

• Helicobacter pylori, is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium found in the stomach, and may be present in other parts of the body, such as the eye

• Clostridium

• Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus

• The currently known genera of fungi of the gut flora include Candida , Saccharomyces , Aspergillus and Penicillium

Gut

Urogenital

• Lactobacillus normally maintain low pH while other species are kept in small numbers in the vagina

• Candida albicans can take over and cause a yeast infection

• Gardnerella vaginalis can grow too much and cause bacterial vaginosis.

Urine sample infected with E. coli Urine sample infected with E. coli

Urogenital

Escherichia coli from GI tract can infect urinary tract due to poor hygiene and contamination from nearby GI tract opening.

The Microbiome of one person can be different than others in species and relative amounts

• By :Ameera Ameer1334338