Aquatic Eco systems There are three Major Aquatic ecosystems.

Fresh water Ecosystem – Rivers, Tanks, Reservoirs, Ponds etc. Brackish water Ecosystems – Lagoons, Estuaries, Mangroves, wetlands

etc. Marine Ecosystems – Beaches, Sand dunes, Sea grass beds, open sea,

deep ocean etc.

Impacts on Fresh water Ecosystems

Water Poisoning & Bio diversity degradation due to the Chemicals & Toxins emitting to the open rivers and streams environment from factories, industries.

Garbage dumping in the river & river bank sites – Home, Residential wastages causes water quality depletion & eutrophic conditions.

Solid litters. Polythene, plastic materials Inorganic materials - chemical substances, heavy metals.

Liquid wastages.Modifications of Natural water bodies due industrial purposes

depletes water content of rivers, lakes & reservoirs hydro electricity plants, irrigations etc.

Contd…Over Fishing & mindless Exploitations decline the genetic diversity &

lead to endanger the particular fish species.Removing forest covers and vegetation adjacent to the fresh water

bodies for cultivation & construction purposes reduces bio-community & interrupts the balance of river environment .

overdrawing groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and industrial uses leads to depletion of ground water content & complete drainage of fresh water bodies.

Introducing exotic species into natural reservoirs, streams & tanks causes imbalance of ecosystem ,threats the native species & increase the demand for food & shelter.

Unpleasant results of Cruel human activities in Fresh water bodies

Impacts on Brackish water ecosystems• Poor disposal of sewage water & litter depositions in estuarine

environments alters the water quality block the natural water flow.• Deforestation of mangroves and other vegetations in brackish

environment due to the construction & industrial aquaculture and fisheries practices causes frequent flooding & erosion.

• Extreme fishing activities – over fishing, usage of banned exploitation gears.

• intensive tourism activities pollute the environment – sport fishing, boating, boat safari and collecting rare brackish water organisms as souvenirs.

• Bridge and building construction in brackish environments alters water quality parameters and makes impossible of existence of organisms in the particular environment.

• Gem, soil mining activities in brackish environment cause land degradation, hyper turbid condition & eutrophication in particular ecosystem.

Some Human Activities Impact to The Brackish Ecosystems

Impacts on Marine EcosystemOil spills occurred by the transportations & unexpected accidents of

of huge oil tankers in ocean cause huge & long term impact on the ocean environment & the associated bio community.

Oil exploitations & mineral mining in deep sea zones pollutes sea bottom and destruct the benthic bio diversity.

Destructive & banned fish exploitations-blast fishing, ghost fishing.Coral mining-not only affect the coral reefs, also kills thousands of

micro and macro organisms which are depend on corals for food & habitat.

Sand mining in beaches & shallow coastal zone causes land degradation in off shore region & sea erosion.

Contd…Massive construction projects due to the tourism development, harbor &

fishery developments causes coastal deforestations & land degradation.Coastal water quality alteration & pollution can be occurred due to sewage

& garbage disposal of beach hotels & restaurants. Intensive tourism activities such as boating, sport fishing, hunting &

collecting the rare marine organisms as souvenirs cause threats to the coastal bio diversity & leads to the extinction of rare species.

Anchoring of fishing vessels & ships damage and destructs corals & other organisms live in seabed.

Climate & Temperature changes in the marine environment due to the human activities especially the green house effect causes major threats to the whole marine ecosystem & it’s floral and faunal community.