human factors: accident prevention

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Tech 434 Human Factors: Accident Prevention Preventing Injury and Illness in the Work Place

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Page 1: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Tech 434 Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Preventing Injury and Illness in the Work Place

Page 2: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Control of Workplace Hazards

• Identification

• Development of Controls

• Decision to Control

Page 3: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Occupational Deaths, Injuries and Illnesses

• Sources of Data– NSC– BLS

Page 4: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Injuries

• OSHAct Requires Employers Keep Records of:– Injuries that cause 1 day or more absence from

work or “restricted activity” at work– Injuries that require medical attention but

caused less than a day of missed work

Page 5: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Incomplete Recording of Occupational Illness

• Many are indistinguishable from nonoccupational illnesses

• Occupational causes of diseases are often not recognized by employees or employers

• Diseases with long latency periods often occur after employment or exposure has terminated

Page 6: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Health and Identification of Occupational Hazards

• Toxicology

• Occupational Medicine

• Epidemology

Page 7: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Technologies to Control Hazards

• First, Contain the Hazard

• Second, Interfering with transmission to worker

• Third, Provide PPE

Page 8: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Controlling Health Hazards

• Control at the source by:– design– modification– substitution

Page 9: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Method Most Used in Control of Health Hazard Transmission

• Ventilation• Other Ways

– Isolating the Source

– Prevent toxic material from becoming airborne

Page 10: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Hierarchy of controls

• Engineering solutions to control hazards at their source or in the pathway of transmission is more reliable and less burdensome to the worker than personal protective equipment.

Page 11: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Factors That May Motivate the Decision to control

• Employers’ enlightened self-interest

• Information on hazards and controls

• Financial and tax incentives

• Tort Liability

• Worker Compensation & Insurance

• Employees’ rights and collective bargaining

• Regulations

Page 12: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Occupational Injuries and Illnesses

• Fatal Injuries• Nonfatal Injuries• Fatality Rates by

Industries• Trends and what

affects trends

• Fatalities• Illnesses• Trends and what

affects trends

Page 13: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Health Hazard Identification

Occupational Diseases

Page 14: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

10 Leading Work-Related Diseases & Injuries - USA

• Occupational Lung• MSDS• Occupational Cancer

(other than lung)• Amputations, eye loss,

fractures, lacerations, & traumatic deaths

• Cardiovascular Disorders

• Reproduction Disorders

• Neurotoxic Disorders• Noise induced hearing

loss• Dermatological

conditions• Psychological

disorders

Page 15: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Known and Unknown Disorders

• Identified hazards known to be in the workplace

• Hazards present in the workplace but not identified as cause of disease

• New substances or processes not yet introduced into workplace, but will be hazardous to human health

Page 16: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Identified Hazards

• Physical Agents• Metals• Dusts and Fibers• Chemicals

Page 17: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Medical Surveillance Systems

• Exposure Some Type• Records of Health

Outcomes• Background

Information about characteristics of individual’s that may influence susceptibility

Page 18: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Safety Hazard Identification

• On the Job Fatalities by Industry

• Causes of On the Job Fatalities

Page 19: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Basic Theories of Injury Causation

Traditional Approach

Non-Traditional Approach

Page 20: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Heinrich’s Domino Theory

• Injuries are caused by Accidents

• Accidents are caused by unsafe acts of persons or by exposure to unsafe mechanical conditions

• Unsafe acts & conditions are caused by faults of persons

• Faults of persons created by environment or acquired via inheritance

Page 21: Human Factors: Accident Prevention

Non Traditional Injury Causation Models

• Behavioral Models• Management Models• Epidemiological

Models• Systems Models• Ergonomic/Human

Factors Models

• Frank Bird• Mike Zabetakis