pres. benigno aquino iiikris aquino
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http://www.allphilippines.com/?p=500
Pres. Benigno Aquino III Kris Aquino
http://quierosaber.wordpress.com/tag/pres-gloria-macapagal-arroyo/
Renato Corona
John Gokongwei Jr.
http://bizispersonal.blogspot.com/2010/07/todays-wisdom-ben-chan-and-john.html
Larry Page
http://www.businessinsider.com/larry-page-2011-1
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/409558/13203/Pablo-Neruda
Pablo Neruda
http://www.allstarpics.net/pic-gallery/andrew-lloyd-webber-pics.htm
Andwer Lloyd Webber
Pope Benedict XVI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI
The language of chemistry
Chemical symbols are like the letters in the alphabet of chemistry
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
To describe compounds, chemical symbols are combined into chemical formulas, much
as letters are combined to make words
B2O3
Elements present
two B atoms for every three O atoms
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
To describe compounds, chemical symbols are combined into chemical formulas, much
as letters are combined to make words
NH3
Elements present
one N atom for every three H atoms
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
TEACHER: Donald, what is the chemical
formula for water?
DONALD: H I J K L M N O
TEACHER: What are you talking about?
DONALD: Yesterday you said it's H to O
Naming compounds
• ionic compounds
• acids
• covalent compounds
Naming ionic compounds
Ionic compounds = cation + anion
• cation
– positive ion (metal)
• anion
– negative ion (nonmetal)
NaCl
cation anion
Brown, T., E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.
Cations formed from metal atoms have the same name as the metal
Brown, T., E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.
Na+ sodium ion
Ca2+ calcium ion
Al3+ aluminum ion
If a metal can form cations of differing charges,metal(charge in Roman numerals)
Fe2+ iron(II) ion
Fe3+ iron(III) ion
* Most of the metals that have variable charges are transition metals
* If there is doubt whether a metal forms more than one type of cation, indicate the charge using Roman numerals
Brown, T., E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.
Cu+ copper(I) ion
Cu2+ copper(II) ion
Polyatomic (many-atom) cations have special names
Silberberg, M. 2010. Principles of General Chemistry. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
NH4+ ammonium ion
H3O+hydronium ion
For monoatomic (one-atom) anions, drop the ending of the name of the element and
replace it with -ide
Brown, T., E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.
N3- nitride ion
O2- oxide ion
F- fluoride ion
Polyatomic anions have special names
Silberberg, M. 2010. Principles of General Chemistry. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
For polyatomic anions containing oxygen (oxyanions) and a specific element, prefixes are used
Brown, T., E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd. Silberberg, M. 2010. Principles of General Chemistry. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-
Hill.
ClO4- perchlorate
ClO3- chlorate
ClO2- chlorite
ClO- hypochlorite
If H+ is added to an oxyanion, add the prefix hydrogen or dihydrogen (as appropriate)
CO32- carbonate ion
HCO3- hydrogen carbonate ion
PO43- phosphate ion
H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate ion
Brown, T., E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.
* Each H+ reduces the negative charge of the parent anion by one
To name an ionic compound, give the cation name followed by the anion name
Brown, T., E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.
BaBr2 barium bromide
K2SO4 potassium sulfate
CuCl2 copper(II) chloride
To name an ionic compound, give the cation name followed by the anion name
Brown, T., E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.
Al(NO3)3 aluminum nitrate*
** When writing the chemical symbol of an ionic compound, start with the cation followed by the anion. If possible, reduce the subscripts to lowest terms
* For ionic compounds with more than one polyatomic ion group of the same type [i.e. three NO3
- in Al(NO3)3], enclose the polyatomic ion’s formula in parenthesis before affixing the subscript
Naming acids
An acid is a substance that yields H+ when dissolved in water
HCl H+ + Cl-
H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-
Brown, T., E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.
If the anion that accompanies the H+ ends in –ide:1) add the prefix –hydro2) change –ide to –ic acid
Anion Corresponding Acid
Cl- (chloride) HCl (hydrochloric acid)
S2- (sulfide) H2S (hydrosulfuric acid)
Brown, T., E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.
If the anion that accompanies the H+ ends in –ate:1) change –ate to –ic acid
Anion Corresponding Acid
ClO3- (chlorate) HClO3 (chloric acid)
ClO4-(perchlorate) HClO4 (perchloric acid)
Brown, T., E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.
If the anion that accompanies the H+ ends in –ite:1) change –ite to –ous acid
Anion Corresponding Acid
ClO- (hypochlorite) HClO (hypochlorous acid)
ClO2-(chlorite) HClO2 (chlorous acid)
Brown, T., E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.
Naming covalent compounds
Covalent compounds = nonmetal + nonmetal
NO
nonmetal nonmetal
Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of each element
Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd. Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
The first element that appears is named as is, the second element is given an –ide ending
Cl2O dichlorine monoxide
N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide
P4S10 tetraphosphorus decasulfide
NF3 nitrogen trifluoride
* When the prefix ends in a or o and the name of the second element begins with a vowel, drop the a or o
* The prefix mono is never used with the first element
Brown, T., E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. 8th ed. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.