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The reason for this Presentation is to highlight the fundamental and demanding role that educators have in entrepreneurship education. It unveils the delivery techniques that motivate students to stay connected to school and learn the skills required for entrepreneurial success. And the key components to results oriented entrepreneurship program. The Presentation also highlights a potential entrepreneurship training model based on pragmatic learning which will facilitate the “production” of business owners or entrepreneurs.

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Page 1: How Universities Should Teach Entrepreneurship

How Universities How Universities Should Teach Should Teach EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship

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Presented @Presented @

ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENTREPRENEURSHIP DIRECTORSDIRECTORS' ' CONFERENCECONFERENCE, 2012. , 2012. KWARA STATE KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA. UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA.

  

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Presented By Presented By Chinedum AzuhChinedum Azuh

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Direct Direct ContactContact

Mobile: +2348032069925 Mobile: +2348032069925 www.facebook.com/motivationtoprosperwww.facebook.com/motivationtoprosper

[email protected]@gmail.com

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Purpose of PresentationPurpose of PresentationThe reason for this Presentation is to highlight the fundamental and demanding role that educators have in entrepreneurship education. It unveils the delivery techniques that motivate students to stay connected to school and learn the skills required for entrepreneurial success. And the key components to results oriented entrepreneurship program. The Presentation also highlights a potential entrepreneurship training model based on pragmatic learning which will facilitate the “production” of business owners or entrepreneurs.

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What is What is Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship

Education?Education?Entrepreneurship Education seeks to Entrepreneurship Education seeks to

provide students with the knowledge, provide students with the knowledge,

skills and motivation to encourage skills and motivation to encourage

entrepreneurial success in variations entrepreneurial success in variations

of settings.of settings.

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Challenges Faced By Challenges Faced By EducatorsEducators

The success of entrepreneurship education begins with The success of entrepreneurship education begins with University Educators. Here are some of the challenges we need University Educators. Here are some of the challenges we need to tackle to achieve success in our entrepreneurship programs:to tackle to achieve success in our entrepreneurship programs:

1.1. Shortage of Quality Teaching MaterialsShortage of Quality Teaching Materials

2.2. Challenge to Provide students with Real-world ExperiencesChallenge to Provide students with Real-world Experiences

3.3. Shortage of FundsShortage of Funds

4.4. Most People (Parents, Students, etc.) Believe More in Job Most People (Parents, Students, etc.) Believe More in Job Security than Entrepreneurship Security than Entrepreneurship

5.5. Technology is not Fully Integrated into the ProgramTechnology is not Fully Integrated into the Program

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Underlying Logic in Designing Underlying Logic in Designing Entrepreneurship CurriculumEntrepreneurship Curriculum

The courses that constitute the entrepreneurship education curriculum should be designed to capture two key considerations: ContextsContexts and FacilitatorsFacilitators. First, the curriculum should reflect the many organizational ContextsContexts in which entrepreneurship can be applied. In this regard, entrepreneurship is concerned not only with start-ups but other key areas that will be outlined in the Diagram below. Second, the curriculum should reflect key FacilitatorsFacilitators of the entrepreneurial process. Facilitators are concerned with inputs that are vital for making entrepreneurship happen despite the context. Let’s look at the Diagram for details.

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Underlying Logic in Designing Underlying Logic in Designing Entrepreneurship CurriculumEntrepreneurship Curriculum

Contexts FacilitatorsStart-up Ventures

Early growth firms

Family Businesses

Rapid Growth Ventures

Corporate Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship within Professions & Disciplines

Non-Profit & Social Entrepreneurship

Public sector Entrepreneurship

Cultural Entrepreneurship

Academic Entrepreneurship

Opportunity Identification

Planning

Risk Management

Guerrilla Techniques

Building the E Team

New Product- Service-Process Development

Creativity/Ideation

Resource Leveraging

Networking

Legal & Ethical Insights

Technology

Venture Financing

Implementation Skills

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Integration of Technology Integration of Technology into Entrepreneurshipinto Entrepreneurship

EducationEducation

Technology is a gift of God. After the gift of life it is perhaps the greatest of God's gifts. Technology is a gift of God. After the gift of life it is perhaps the greatest of God's gifts. It is the mother of civilizations, of arts and of sciences. - It is the mother of civilizations, of arts and of sciences. - Freeman Dyson.Freeman Dyson.

Another critical factor in the landscape of entrepreneurship education is the Another critical factor in the landscape of entrepreneurship education is the integration of technology, especially in the method of program delivery. As in other integration of technology, especially in the method of program delivery. As in other educational arenas, technology offers the benefits of cutting long-term costs while educational arenas, technology offers the benefits of cutting long-term costs while expanding training capabilities and opportunities. Other than the use of computer-expanding training capabilities and opportunities. Other than the use of computer-business tools, the most prevalent cutting-edge technology in entrepreneurship business tools, the most prevalent cutting-edge technology in entrepreneurship education is virtual learning. education is virtual learning.

Technology has revolutionized the field of education. The importance of technology Technology has revolutionized the field of education. The importance of technology in schools cannot be ignored. In fact, with the onset of computers in education, it in schools cannot be ignored. In fact, with the onset of computers in education, it has become easier for teachers to impart knowledge and for students to acquire it.has become easier for teachers to impart knowledge and for students to acquire it.

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Integration of Technology into Integration of Technology into EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship

EducationEducation

The use of technology has made the process of teaching and learning The use of technology has made the process of teaching and learning enjoyable.enjoyable. Entrepreneurship cannot be a field that succumbs to stagnation. It must recognize and apply technologies in the educational setting. In many respects entrepreneurship education may actually transform the educational setting.

For example, some universities are applying unique technological applications such as the George Washington University. They developed a software tool entitled, “Prometheus.” In addition to offering students and teachers the opportunity to interact via e-mail, bulletin boards and live discussion formats, Prometheus and other course management programs also integrate multimedia options into the course. Students can access a course site, download a posted journal article, watch an instructional video or DVD and return a completed assignment from any Internet connections. Educators can follow up with individualized online coaching and feedback to students.

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Teaching With Teaching With Enterprise Modules Enterprise Modules

This system has to do with tailoring start-up and entrepreneurship This system has to do with tailoring start-up and entrepreneurship

modules to specific academic subjects.modules to specific academic subjects.

It will show students in the sciences for instance, how to turn their It will show students in the sciences for instance, how to turn their

research into successful commercial products that can be used by private research into successful commercial products that can be used by private

and public organizations. What is important about this initiative is that it and public organizations. What is important about this initiative is that it

gives a broader scope to enterprise, taking it away from the bias that gives a broader scope to enterprise, taking it away from the bias that

entrepreneurship is only of interest to business students. entrepreneurship is only of interest to business students.

Entrepreneurship education, because it is especially well suited to Entrepreneurship education, because it is especially well suited to

interdisciplinary approaches, can be most effective when it is integrated interdisciplinary approaches, can be most effective when it is integrated

into various courses in the school curriculum.into various courses in the school curriculum.

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Creating an Creating an Entrepreneurial NetworkEntrepreneurial Network

First and foremost, entrepreneurship education First and foremost, entrepreneurship education requires close cooperation between academia and requires close cooperation between academia and business. Entrepreneurship Education thrives in business. Entrepreneurship Education thrives in networks in which multiple stakeholders play key networks in which multiple stakeholders play key roles. Academic institutions are central in shaping roles. Academic institutions are central in shaping young people’s attitudes, skills and behaviors. young people’s attitudes, skills and behaviors. However, actors outside of the education systems However, actors outside of the education systems play an increasingly critical roles in promoting play an increasingly critical roles in promoting entrepreneurial education by providing knowledge, entrepreneurial education by providing knowledge, expertise, mentoring and social capital. expertise, mentoring and social capital.

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Creating an Creating an Entrepreneurial NetworkEntrepreneurial Network

MENTORSHIP. Universities should create networks of accessible experts, and bring these people into the university so that students can learn from their ACTUAL experiences. This can be done through Seminars, Workshops, any events that allow for offline collaboration. Mentoring occurs naturally when students and experts have the ability to meet in person. Through such partnerships, instructors can expose students to successful small businesses, provide opportunities for students to practice their skills, enable students to become familiar with entrepreneurial and management tasks, and introduce students to contacts that they can draw upon to pursue their entrepreneurial dreams.

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Creating an Creating an Entrepreneurial NetworkEntrepreneurial Network

Collaboration With Entrepreneurs. Each department should act

as a pipeline into entrepreneurship. For instance, health and nursing

departments should partner with local small businesses within the

healthcare space to give their students hands-on experience

working with individuals who started healthcare companies. It’s a

win-win situation for everyone. Students get the desired experience

and connections, business owners get matched with ambitious

young people who they could work with.

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Case Study on Creating Case Study on Creating Entrepreneurial NetworkEntrepreneurial Network

The Donald H. Jones Center for Entrepreneurship at Carnegie Mellon University’s Tepper School of Business delivers cutting-edge innovations to the global marketplace and groundbreaking research by bringing together students, faculty and practitioners. The center’s interdisciplinary academic approach, coupled with experiential learning, is geared towards students leading innovation, change, and growth in start-ups, emerging companies, and mature organizations.

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Start-up Simulation in Start-up Simulation in Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurship Education

This simulation is designed to involve all participants in the Entrepreneurship This simulation is designed to involve all participants in the Entrepreneurship program in the activities of setting up a business. It can be used for instructor program in the activities of setting up a business. It can be used for instructor training workshops or for actual students in the entrepreneurship program. training workshops or for actual students in the entrepreneurship program.

The tasks can be divided into work for three teams (Management Team, Marketing The tasks can be divided into work for three teams (Management Team, Marketing Team, and Finance Team). Also there are tasks for the entire class that will Team, and Finance Team). Also there are tasks for the entire class that will integrate the decisions of the whole business team. Depending on the number of integrate the decisions of the whole business team. Depending on the number of students in your class you could have them organize one, two, or three businesses. It students in your class you could have them organize one, two, or three businesses. It is more competitive if there is more than one business. is more competitive if there is more than one business.

This activity is designed to give students a real experience in starting a business This activity is designed to give students a real experience in starting a business while they are learning about the skills and planning their own business. We while they are learning about the skills and planning their own business. We recommend that the simulation be scheduled as a learning experience for the whole recommend that the simulation be scheduled as a learning experience for the whole group after the class has studied some of the elements of starting a business. By group after the class has studied some of the elements of starting a business. By then they will have spent time on planning their own business and learning about then they will have spent time on planning their own business and learning about marketing, finance, and legal issues. At the same time they will also work on the marketing, finance, and legal issues. At the same time they will also work on the unit on record keeping and continue to develop their own business plans during this unit on record keeping and continue to develop their own business plans during this period.period.

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Start-up Simulation in Start-up Simulation in Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurship Education

This system will help you to This system will help you to identify a few of your students who are having trouble identify a few of your students who are having trouble getting a real business idea that they can start. You may consider putting them getting a real business idea that they can start. You may consider putting them together in one group with the idea of using the simulation, and group thinking, to together in one group with the idea of using the simulation, and group thinking, to come up with an idea they can continue after the simulation.come up with an idea they can continue after the simulation.

The instructor acts as banker or potential investor for the companies, approving or The instructor acts as banker or potential investor for the companies, approving or not approving their decisions. You may wish to provide a small amount of seed not approving their decisions. You may wish to provide a small amount of seed capital for each company that should be repaid after the grand opening. Develop an capital for each company that should be repaid after the grand opening. Develop an appropriate contract with the group for repayment of this investment.appropriate contract with the group for repayment of this investment.

You may want to have a supply of colored markers and poster paper for the groups You may want to have a supply of colored markers and poster paper for the groups to use as well as access to a copy machine and perhaps computers. It is your option to use as well as access to a copy machine and perhaps computers. It is your option to charge the groups for use of these materials. Having them handy will facilitate to charge the groups for use of these materials. Having them handy will facilitate the activity.the activity.

The Grand Opening of each business should be scheduled for the last day of the The Grand Opening of each business should be scheduled for the last day of the simulation. You will need to think about getting permission to use other teachers or simulation. You will need to think about getting permission to use other teachers or students in the school as your potential customers. Of course, anyone in the students in the school as your potential customers. Of course, anyone in the community could also be the target audience. They will actually prepare for only community could also be the target audience. They will actually prepare for only one day of operation, but their plans will represent what the business would do for one day of operation, but their plans will represent what the business would do for at least a year.at least a year.

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Start-up Simulation in Start-up Simulation in Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurship Education

Each business will be expected to make a 20-minute presentation Each business will be expected to make a 20-minute presentation to the "potential investors" in a group session on the last day. to the "potential investors" in a group session on the last day. This should be seen as a role-playing demonstration of the group This should be seen as a role-playing demonstration of the group presenting their business plan to a real banker or investor. presenting their business plan to a real banker or investor. Actually the instructor, other teachers or community advisors will Actually the instructor, other teachers or community advisors will serve in this role. They should be prepared to ask the business serve in this role. They should be prepared to ask the business teams some questions about their plans.teams some questions about their plans.

You may want to think about this simulation as an opportunity to You may want to think about this simulation as an opportunity to promote your program with the local news media or with others promote your program with the local news media or with others in your school or community.in your school or community.

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Integrating Startup & Income Integrating Startup & Income Opportunity Seminars Into The Opportunity Seminars Into The

Entrepreneurial Program Entrepreneurial Program These are meetings on specialized subjects: a single session or

short, often one-day or half-day meeting devoted to a presentation on and discussion of a specialized topic. For instance a seminar on Developing a Career in Public Speaking is an income opportunity seminar while Creating a Distinctive Brand is an example of a startup seminar. I have a joint venture deal with Success Attitude Development Centre (SADC) an NGO devoted to nurturing entrepreneurs. We run series of Income Opportunity seminars called “Be Your Own Boss”. And we also organize startup seminars. This year alone (2012) I have done over 5 seminars with them that have helped over 500 Nigerians start their own businesses. And I have a column in this NGO’s publication (Success Digest) called Startup Tips.

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ConclusionConclusion These are ideas garnered from some of the most These are ideas garnered from some of the most

successful entrepreneurship centers in Europe, successful entrepreneurship centers in Europe, Asia and America. And as an entrepreneur and Asia and America. And as an entrepreneur and entrepreneurship programs facilitator I have entrepreneurship programs facilitator I have seen these ideas at work in so many scenarios.seen these ideas at work in so many scenarios.

These ideas are tested and proven. Integrate These ideas are tested and proven. Integrate them into your programs today and you will see them into your programs today and you will see amazing results. amazing results.

Thank You!Thank You!

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Ries, E. "Owning Their Education." Techniques: Connecting Education and Careers 75, no. 4 (April 2000): 26-29.

Saboe, L. R.; Kantor, J.; and Walsh, J. "Cultivating Entrepreneurship." Educational Leadership 59, no. 7 (April 2002): 80-82.

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Hanham, A. C.; Loveridge, S.; and Richardson, B. "A National School-Based Entrepreneurship Program Offers Promise." Journal of the Community Development Society 30, no. 2 (1999): 115-130. 

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