how to account for context? using a causal chain approach in social accountability anuradha joshi

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How to Account for Context? Using a Causal Chain Approach in Social Accountability Anuradha Joshi Institute of Development Studies GPSA Webinar 18 June 2014 1

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How to Account for Context? Using a Causal Chain Approach in Social Accountability Anuradha Joshi Institute of Development Studies GPSA Webinar 18 June 2014. 1. Structure What is Social Accountability? Does it work? The Evidence Outcome Expectations The issue of Context - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: How to Account for Context? Using a Causal Chain Approach in Social Accountability Anuradha Joshi

How to Account for Context?

Using a Causal Chain Approach in Social

Accountability

Anuradha JoshiInstitute of Development Studies

GPSA Webinar18 June 2014

1

Page 2: How to Account for Context? Using a Causal Chain Approach in Social Accountability Anuradha Joshi

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1. Structure

I. What is Social Accountability? II. Does it work? The EvidenceIII. Outcome ExpectationsIV. The issue of ContextV. Components of Social AccountabilityVI. Causal Chains

Page 3: How to Account for Context? Using a Causal Chain Approach in Social Accountability Anuradha Joshi

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2. What is the Issue? The Evidence

We have mixed and incomplete evidence of impact —incomparable interventions, different impacts measured, contradictory outcomes

Difficult to make generalizations Types of evidence vary—RCTs to qualitative studies Yet, assessments of existing evidence find common

themes

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3. What does the evidence seem to say?

Information alone is not enough Collective citizen action is essential Facilitated interaction is critical State capacity to respond matters Combination of carrots and sticks Multiple accountability pressures work Questions about time frames of outcomes Outcomes depend upon context

Page 5: How to Account for Context? Using a Causal Chain Approach in Social Accountability Anuradha Joshi

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Inst

itutio

nal

Inst

rum

enta

l

StateState-society relationships

Social actors

Responsive public officials

Reduced corruption Institutional channels for interaction

Improved provision of public goods

Better policy design

Good governance

State-building

Democratic Deepening

LegitimacyTrust Construction of

Citizenship

Empowered citizens

Inclusive Social Norms

4. Expanding the Range of Outcomes

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5. Assumed Links:Information, Citizen Action and State ResponsePoint: Knowledge gaps

State Response

OutcomesService DeliveryGovernanceEmpowerment

Information Citizen Action

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6. Dynamic Links :Information, Citizen Action, and State ResponsePoint: Knowledge gaps

• Information can lead directly to change

• State response can take the form of information disclosure

Citizen Action

Information

State Response

ACCOUNTABILITY

• Information catalyzes citizen action

• Citizen action to generate information

• Citizens action triggers state response

• State responses shape citizen action

Page 8: How to Account for Context? Using a Causal Chain Approach in Social Accountability Anuradha Joshi

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Our ApproachContent Process AssumptionsPerformanceCompared to standardsCompared to othersInspirational

TransparencyGenerating New Information(e.g. Perception data, monitoring data)Media campaigns

Literacy/AccessLegitimacy/ credibility of Information

Demand InformationGenerate InformationMonitor performanceSeek accountabilitySeek Grievance Redress

Formal bureaucracyProtestsPolitical articulationFormal complaint channelsLitigation

PrioritiesBelief in efficacy of channelSense of entitlements

Release InformationReform ProcessesIncrease ResourcesDemands at higher levelsInvestigation/sanctions

TransparencyReduced corruptionBehaviour changeFormal and informal channels of reform demandsFormal and informal channels of enquiry and punishment

Legitimacy of grievanceCapacityPublic service motivations Reputational concernsChannels of influencing higher levelsThreat of sanctions

Info

rmat

ion

Citi

zen

Act

ion

Sta

te R

espo

nse

7. Social Accountability Component Characteristics

Page 9: How to Account for Context? Using a Causal Chain Approach in Social Accountability Anuradha Joshi

Do I think citizens have legitimate grievances?  Do I hold responsibility for the particular public good? Am I likely to be officially sanctioned due to citizen action?  Do I care about my reputation? (If not, possibility of reprisal)  Do I care about the service?  Do I think I can do something about the situation?(if not, then could lead to helplessness) Do I have the capacity and resources to take action?(If not, then could lead to frustration) Do I need others to contribute in terms of resources/reforms? Can I motivate others? Are others likely to collaborate?Do I have access to higher levels?(Depends upon whether resources, reformists are identifiable within the system) 

Reforms/increased resources  

IMPROVED SERVICES

8. An Illustrative Causal Chain: State Responsiveness

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SA as part of a long term ongoing political engagement by social actors with the state

SA can have a range of outcomes of interest Causal chains help highlight the different

potential pathways towards reaching desired outcomes

Causal chains can help develop a theory of change for interventions, provide a framework for understanding context and documenting it, enable tweaking as initiatives unfold and offer a means of assessing impact

9. Conclusions