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How much do you know about Paleontology? JOURNAL # 1 What is a fossil? (YOUR DEFINITION)

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How much do you know about Paleontology?. JOURNAL # 1 What is a fossil? (YOUR DEFINITION). How much do you know about Paleontology?. Pre-Unit Questions Answer the following True/False Questions. True False. We can use carbon dating to identify the age of a dinosaur fossil. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: How much do you know about Paleontology?

How much do you know about Paleontology?

JOURNAL # 1

What is a fossil?

(YOUR DEFINITION)

Page 2: How much do you know about Paleontology?

How much do you know about Paleontology?

Pre-Unit Questions

Answer the following True/False Questions

Page 3: How much do you know about Paleontology?

We can use carbon dating to identify the age of a dinosaur

fossil.

0%

0% 1. True

2. False

Page 4: How much do you know about Paleontology?

How much do you know about Paleontology?

FALSE. Although carbon dating is used to date formerly living

organisms, dinosaurs are considered far too old to date

using carbon-14’s shorter half-life.

Page 5: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Many scientists theorize that dinosaurs were wiped out

many years ago by some great catastrophe.

0%

0% 1. True

2. False

Page 6: How much do you know about Paleontology?

How much do you know about Paleontology?

TRUE. Obviously dinosaurs don’t exist today and they seem to disappear suddenly from the

fossil record.

Page 7: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Fossils take millions of years to form.

0%

0% 1. True

2. False

Page 8: How much do you know about Paleontology?

How much do you know about Paleontology?

TRUE or FALSE?

FALSE. Fossils can form in less than a year depending on the

conditions.

Page 9: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Through radiometric dating, we can identify the age of

dinosaur fossils.

0%

0% 1. True

2. False

Page 10: How much do you know about Paleontology?

How much do you know about Paleontology?

FALSE. Radiometric dating (except carbon dating) is mostly

performed on igneous rocks. Fossils form in sedimentary rock.

Page 11: How much do you know about Paleontology?

There are billions of fossils found all over the earth.

0%

0% 1. True

2. False

Page 12: How much do you know about Paleontology?

How much do you know about Paleontology?

TRUE. There are many fossils buried in the rock all over the planet. Over 99% of them are

small marine plants and animals.

Page 13: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Dinosaurs are “giant lizards.”

0%

0% 1. True

2. False

Page 14: How much do you know about Paleontology?

How much do you know about Paleontology?

FALSE. Some were large, but many were not. The term

dinosaur, coined in the 1800’s, does mean “terrible lizard,” but the

average size of a dinosaur was that of a large dog.

Page 15: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Geology:Paleontolog

y & Geologic

TimeCreated in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham

Page 16: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Geology is the study of

the origin, history, and structure of the earth.

Page 17: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Paleontology

is the study of prehistoric life, particularly through fossil remains.

Page 18: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Fossils are the remains,

imprints, or traces of prehistoric organisms.

Page 19: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Fossil Formation Requires shelter

from scavengers, decay, and physical destruction.

Page 20: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Fossil Formation• Most commonly occurs

through quick burial by sediment.

• Is more likely to occur with hard parts such as bone, shells, and teeth.

Page 21: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Types of Fossils

Page 22: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Types of Fossils• Permineralized

remains• Carbon films• Molds & Casts• Original Remains• Trace Fossils

Page 23: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Permineralized Remains

occur when parts of the original remains are replaced by minerals flowing through ground water.

This process is called petrification.

Page 24: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Permineralized Remains

Fossil turtle shell

Page 25: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Permineralized Remains

Fossil dimetrodon

Page 26: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Permineralized Remains

Petrified wood

Page 27: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Permineralized Remains

Baby protoceratops

Page 28: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Permineralized Remains

Whale fossil

Page 29: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Permineralized Remains

Fossil tyrannosaurus

Page 30: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Carbon Films occur when

pressure from layers of sediment leaves only a thin carbon residue.

Page 31: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Carbon Films

Beech leaf

Page 32: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Carbon Films

Ancient salamander

Page 33: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Carbon Films

Fossil fish

Page 34: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Molds & Casts

Formation of fossil shell molds

Page 35: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Molds are hollow areas

left in sediment that show the shape of the original organism.

Page 36: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Molds & Casts

External mold of shell

Page 37: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Molds & Casts

Internal mold of shell

Page 38: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Casts are copies of the

shape of original organism that form from minerals deposited into the mold.

Page 39: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Molds & Casts

Cast of trilobite

Page 40: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Molds & Casts

Formation of fossil shell molds

Page 41: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Original Remains including the soft

parts of the organism are sometimes found in hardened tree resin, frozen ground, or tar pits.

Page 42: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Original Remains

Bee encased in amber

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Original Remains

Scorpion in amber

Page 44: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Original Remains

Mammoth hair

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Trace Fossils provide evidence

of an organism’s activity. They include footprints, trails, burrows, and excrement.

Page 46: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Trace Fossils

Dinosaur tracks

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Trace Fossils

Fossil trails of climactichnites

Page 48: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Trace Fossils

Fossil burrows

Page 49: How much do you know about Paleontology?

How much do you know about Paleontology?

Review Questions

Page 50: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Which type of fossil is shown to the

right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Cast

2. Mold

3. Carbon Film

4. Permineralized remains

Page 51: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Which type of fossil is shown to the

right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Permineralized remains

2. Cast

3. Mold

4. Carbon Film

Page 52: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Which type of fossil is shown to the

right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Original remains

2. Cast

3. Mold

4. Trace Fossil

Page 53: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Which type of fossil is shown to the

right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Cast

2. Mold

3. Carbon Film

4. Trace Fossil

Page 54: How much do you know about Paleontology?

PALEONTOLOGY

RETURN YOUR REMOTES

HW: Pal Pack: p.13-14 Fossils

Page 55: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Journal #3List two possible ways that

original remains could be preserved.

Page 56: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Which type of fossil is shown to the

right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Original remains

2. Cast

3. Mold

4. Trace Fossil

Page 57: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Which type of fossil is shown to the

right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Original remains

2. Cast

3. Mold

4. Trace Fossil

Page 58: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Which type of fossil is shown to the

right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Original remains

2. Cast

3. Mold

4. Trace Fossil

Page 59: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Which type of fossil is shown to the

right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Original remains

2. Cast

3. Mold

4. Carbon Film

Page 60: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Which type of fossil is shown to the

right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Permineralized remains

2. Cast

3. Mold

4. Carbon Film

Page 61: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Which type of fossil is shown to the

right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Permineralized remains

2. Cast

3. Mold

4. Carbon Film

Page 62: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Which type of fossil is shown to the

right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Permineralized remains

2. Cast

3. Mold

4. Carbon Film

Page 63: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Which type of fossil is shown to the

right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Cast

2. Mold

3. Carbon Film

4. Original remains

Page 64: How much do you know about Paleontology?

a radioisotope has a half-life of 2000 years. how many atoms would be left out of 400 if 8000 years had

passed?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. 25

2. 50

3. 100

4. 200

Page 66: How much do you know about Paleontology?

PaleontologyNotes

PAGE 3

Page 67: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Relative Age is the age of a

rock or fossil compared to the ages of other rocks or fossils.

Page 68: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Catastrophism is the belief that the

earth’s geological features were formed rapidly as a result of large catastrophes.

Page 69: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Catastrophes that could cause

rapid geologic change include landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, and earthquakes.

Page 70: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Uniformitarianism is the idea that the

processes occurring on earth today are similar to those that occurred in the past.

Page 71: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Uniformitarianism basically says

“The present is the key to the past.”

Page 72: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Uniformitarianism is the idea that

geological features formed slowly over long periods of time.

Page 73: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Catastrophism vs. Uniformitarianism

Uniformitarianism

Catastrophism

Geologic Features

Form slowly over time

Form rapidly due to major

forces & events

Age of the earth Billions of years Thousands of

years

Page 74: How much do you know about Paleontology?

HOW OLD WOULD MOST GEOLOGISTS SAY THE EARTH IS?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. 6000 years

2. 75,000 years

3. 20 million years

4. 4.6 billion years

Page 75: How much do you know about Paleontology?

According to what theory, is the earth 4.6 billion years old?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Catastrophism

2. Uniformitarianism

3. Geologism

4. Agism

Page 76: How much do you know about Paleontology?

PaleontologyNotes

RETURN YOUR REMOTE

Page 77: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Catastrophism or Uniformitarianism

Where would dinosaurs fit in?

Dragons or Dinosaurs VIDEO CLIP

Asteroid Aftermath – Dinosaur Extinction

The Last Day of Dinosaurs: Discovery Channel

The Tarasque

Man and Dinosaur Walked the Earth Together?

Secret of the Ica Stones Collection

Ancient Incas Knew About Dinosaurs

Jurassic Park – Nedry’s Plan

Page 78: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Catastrophism & a Young EarthWhere would dinosaurs fit in?

DRAGONS or DINOSAURS VIDEO

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHeS70PSTMM (FULL VIDEO 1:24)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeHDCfRzrXk (PART 1 – 9:30)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2-4Gb43xIY (PART 2 – 9:52)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ixjni5ogXRQ (PART 3 – 9:45)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ta4AMFrzm4Q (PART 4 – 9:50)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IbrckY85lQM (PART 5 – 9:38)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fhUeye4IGDM (PART 6 – 9:43)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfOh0H9pyGw (PART 7 – 9:44)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Khmq6m7gTt8 (PART 8 – 9:34)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_q4Cl5IkjdE (PART 9 – 6:55)

Page 79: How much do you know about Paleontology?

PaleontologyNotes

READY YOUR REMOTE FOR A QUICK REVIEW

Page 80: How much do you know about Paleontology?

HOW OLD WOULD MOST GEOLOGISTS SAY THE EARTH IS?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. 6000 years

2. 75,000 years

3. 20 million years

4. 4.6 billion years

Page 81: How much do you know about Paleontology?

According to what theory, is the earth 4.6 billion years old?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Catastrophism

2. Uniformitarianism

3. Geologism

4. Agism

Page 82: How much do you know about Paleontology?

PaleontologyNotes

PAGE 4

Page 83: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Principle of Superposition

as sedimentary rocks form, they are deposited on older rock layers.

Page 84: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Principle of Superposition

in undisturbed layers, the oldest is on the bottom and higher layers are younger.

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Principle of Superposition

Oldest layer is on bottom (1)

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Principle of Superposition

The Grand Canyon

Page 87: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Principle of Superposition

The Grand Canyon

Page 88: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Principle of Superposition

The Grand Canyon

Younger Layers of Rock

Older Layers of Rock

Page 89: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Extrusions are igneous

rocks layers that form on the surface when lava hardens.

Page 90: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Extrusions

are always younger than the layers over which they form.

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Extrusion

Kubu Rock – Botswana, Africa

Page 92: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Intrusions are igneous

rocks that form when magma pushes up into rock layers.

Page 93: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Intrusions are always

younger than the rock layers they invade.

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Intrusion

Devil’s Tower, WY

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Intrusions & Extrusions

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PaleontologyNotes

READY YOUR REMOTE FOR A QUICK REVIEW

Page 97: How much do you know about Paleontology?

What does the Principle of Superposition say?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Sedimentary rocks form in rivers

2. Igneous rocks form faster than sedimentary

3. New sedimentary rock layers form on top of older ones

4. There are billions of fossils on Earth

Page 98: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Which layer of rock is the

oldest?

0%

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

5. They are all the same age

Page 99: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Journal #3Draw the following geologic cross-section:

1.) 2 layers of sedimentary rock form.

2.) An extrusion forms on top of the two layers.

3.) A 3rd layer of sedimentary rock forms.

4.) An intrusion cuts through the all the rock layers, but not to the surface.

5.) A 4th layer of sedimentary rock forms.

Page 100: How much do you know about Paleontology?

RETURN YOUR REMOTE

Complete “Layers of Rock” on a blank sheet of paper- Procedure #1 – 3 - Analyze & Conclude #1 – 4

Trilobite

Paleontology Notes

Page 101: How much do you know about Paleontology?

PaleontologyNotes

Layers of Rock Drawing(Turn in)

Page 102: How much do you know about Paleontology?

PaleontologyNotes

PAGE 6

Page 103: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Faults are breaks in the

earth’s crust. A fault is always younger than the rock it cuts through.

Page 104: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Faults

Page 105: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Faults

Shoshone Fault, CA

Page 106: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Folds occur when

rock layers are compressed together and bend or curve.

Page 107: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Folds

Guadalajara, Spain

Page 108: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Folds

Mojave Desert, CA

Page 109: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Folds

• South Wales, Australia

Page 110: How much do you know about Paleontology?

What kind of cross-cut is shown to the

right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Intrusion

2. Extrusion

3. Fold

4. Unconformity

Page 111: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Journal #4

Draw the following geologic cross-section:

1.) 2 layers of sedimentary rock form.

2.) The 2 layers of rock are folded.

3.) A 3rd sedimentary layer forms.

4.) A fault cuts through all the layers, shifting some rock up.

5.) A 4th sedimentary layer forms.

6.) An intrusion cuts all the way to the surface forming an extrusion.

Page 112: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Unconformities are gaps in the

rock sequence (caused by the erosion of rock layers).

Page 113: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Angular Unconformity occur when rock

layers are tilted or uplifted, and then worn down by erosion and weathering.

Sediments are then deposited on top of these eroded layers.

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Angular Unconformity

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Angular Unconformity

Page 116: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Angular Unconformity

Page 117: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Angular Unconformity

Grand Canyon

Page 118: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Angular Unconformity

Siccar Point, Scotland

Page 119: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Angular Unconformity

Combs Quarry, Yorkshire, England

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Disconformities are gaps created

when erosion occurs on an overlying rock layer.

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Disconformity

Page 122: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Disconformity

Page 123: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Disconformity

Page 124: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Nonconformity are formed when

sedimentary rock overlays igneous or metamorphic rocks.

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Nonconformity

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Nonconformity

Page 127: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Nonconformity

Grand Canyon

Page 128: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Nonconformity

Egypt

Page 129: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Unconformities

Page 130: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Learning Check Question

READY YOUR REMOTE

Page 131: How much do you know about Paleontology?

What kind of unconformity is

shown to the right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Fault

2. Disconformity

3. Nonconformity

4. Angular Unconformity

Page 132: How much do you know about Paleontology?

SOME Relative Dating Practice

Write the correct order of events by numbering their occurrences.

Include any and all cross-cut relationships.

Page 133: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Relative Dating Example

Page 134: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Relative Dating

Page 135: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Relative Dating

Page 136: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Relative Dating

Page 137: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Learning Check Questions

READY YOUR REMOTE

Page 138: How much do you know about Paleontology?

What kind of fossil is shown to the right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Permineralized remains

2. Cast

3. Trace Fossil

4. Original Remains

Page 139: How much do you know about Paleontology?

What kind of cross-cut is shown

to the right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Intrusion

2. Fault

3. Fold

4. Angular Unconformity

Page 140: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Paleontology Notes

RETURN YOUR REMOTE

HW: Pal Pack p.18“The Grandest Canyon of All”

Page 141: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Relative Dating

Page 142: How much do you know about Paleontology?

PaleontologyNotes

READY YOUR REMOTE FOR A QUICK REVIEW

Page 143: How much do you know about Paleontology?

What kind of cross-cut is

shown to the right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Intrusion

2. Fault

3. Fold

4. Angular Unconformity

Page 144: How much do you know about Paleontology?

What kind of cross-cut is

shown to the right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Intrusion

2. Fault

3. Fold

4. Angular Unconformity

Page 145: How much do you know about Paleontology?

What kind of cross-cut is

shown to the right?

0%

0%

0%

0% 1. Intrusion

2. Fault

3. Fold

4. Angular Unconformity

Page 146: How much do you know about Paleontology?

PaleontologyNotes

(PAGE 8)

Page 147: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Correlation is using rock and

fossil evidence to match up dating at different locations.

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Correlation

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Correlation

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Correlation

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Index Fossils are used for

dating the rock layers in which they are found.

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Index Fossils are species that

were abundant all over the earth, but existed for shorter periods of time.

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Index Fossil

trilobite

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Index Fossil

ammonite

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Index Fossil

reptaculite

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Index Fossil

Correlation using index fossils

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Index Fossil

Correlation using index fossils

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Page 159: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Index Fossil

Correlation

Page 160: How much do you know about Paleontology?

0%

0%

0%

0%

What is the name of the type of fossil is used to correlate rock layers at two or more different

locations?1. Mold

2. Petrified fossil

3. Index fossil

4. Trace fossil

Page 161: How much do you know about Paleontology?

0%

0%

0%

0%

Using correlation, Which two layers would you

determine to be of the same age?

1. A & D

2. A & B

3. B & D

4. B & E

Page 162: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Paleontology Notes

Page 163: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Absolute Age is the age in years

of a rock or other object (as determined by radiometric dating.

Page 164: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Radiometric Dating

entails finding the amount of certain radioactive elements left in a rock or object.

Page 165: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Radioactive Decay is the release of

particles and energy from the nuclei of unstable atoms.

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Radioactive Elements are elements

whose nuclei are unable to hold together, and eject particles and energy.

Page 167: How much do you know about Paleontology?

The Parent Element is the element

whose nucleus radioactively decays into another element.

Page 168: How much do you know about Paleontology?

The Daughter Element

is the new element that is produced after the decay of the parent element.

Page 169: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Half-Life is the time it

takes for half of the atoms in a sample to decay.

Page 170: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Half-Life is always the

same. It does not depend on the amount of atoms.

Page 171: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Half-Life is unaffected by

almost all other outside factors. Decay occurs at a steady rate.

Page 172: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Sample Half-livesISOTOPE

HALF-LIFEPARENT DAUGHTER

URANIUM 238

LEAD 2064.5 BILLION

YEARSPOTASSIUM

40ARGON 40

1.3 BILLION YEARS

THORIUM 232

LEAD 20814.0 BILLION

YEARS

CARBON 14NITROGEN

145,730 YEARS

Page 173: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Sample Half-livesIodine-129 16,000,000 years

Carbon-14 5730 years

Strontium-90 28 years

Sodium-24 15 hours

Technetium-99 6 hours

Fluorine-18 110 minutes

Oxygen-15 124 seconds

Page 174: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Radiometric Dating

As time passes, the amount of a parent isotope in a rock decreases as it decays.

It has decayed into the daughter element.

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Radiometric Dating

basically involves measuring how much of the daughter element has formed.

Page 176: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Age Determination

can then be made by using the known half-life to determine how much time has passed.

Page 177: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Age Determination

typically, the dating can be estimated only up to a MAX of 10 half-lives.

Page 178: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Common Types of Radiometric Dating

Potassium-argon dating

Uranium-lead dating

Rubidium-strontium dating

Radiocarbon dating

Page 179: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Potassium- Argon Dating

Potassium-40 decays to Argon-40.

Potassium-40 has a half-life of 1,300,000,000 years.

(used on igneous & metamorphic rock)

Page 180: How much do you know about Paleontology?

Uranium-Lead Dating

Uranium-235 decays to Lead-207

Half-life: 700,000,000 years

Uranium-238 decays to Lead-204 Half-life: 4,500,000,000 years

(used on igneous & metamorphic rock)

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Rubidium-Strontium Dating

Rubidium-87 decays to Strontium-87

Rubidium has a half-life of 50,000,000,000 years.

(used on igneous & metamorphic rock)

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Radiocarbon Dating

Carbon-14 decays to Nitrogen-14.

Carbon dating is used to measure how long an organism has been dead.