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Iron Box

Principle: It converts electrical energy into heat energy.

It consist of a heating coil which gets heated and expanded when current passes through

it viz thermostat. Thermostat acts as a switch and ,when the allowable temperature isreached it cuts of the current passes through it.

Water Heater:

The dip tube feeds cold water from your home's water lines to the bottom of the tank's

interior, where the water starts to warm up. The heating mechanism, either a burner or an

element, stays on until the water reaches temperature. As the water heats, it rises to the

top of the tank. The heat-out pipe is located near the top of the tank. Water exiting thewater heater at the top is always the hottest in the tank at any given moment because it's

the nature of hot water to rise above denser, cold water.

Refrigerator

A refrigerator (fridge) will comprise of a circular path through which the volatile liquid

can move cyclically. A volatile liquid means a liquid that vaporises fastly. The fluid starts

its journey from a chamber and it reached near the space where food is kept. It vaporisesby absorbing latent heat from the food chamber. Thus the food chamber gets cooled. The

vaporised fluid moves in a circular way and reaches a compressor. The compresson

converts the vapour back into liquid. The fluid then again circulates. Since all of this

takes place fastly, the food chamber will remain cool anytime. The conventional fluid

used in refrigerator is freon (I think so, doesn't remember accurately). Some use liquified

oxygen as well.

Fan

electric fan works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. There are two parts of

this one is stator and other is rotar.induction machine are ac machines. Stator is given

single phase ac voltage which produces sinuosoidal flux and emf is induced in the rotar

and acc to lenz law current flows in a direction so as to oppose the cause that has

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produced effect in this case it rotates in similar direction as that of sinuosoidal field and

rotar rotates so blades attached to it also rotates and we get cool air.

Air Conditioner

This is how the evaporation cycle in an air conditioner works. The compressor

compresses cool Freon gas, causing it to become hot, high-pressure Freon gas. This hot

gas runs through a set of coils so it can dissipate its heat, and it condenses into a liquid

The Freon liquid runs through an expansion valve, and in the process it evaporates to

become cold, low-pressure Freon gas This cold gas runs through a set of coils that allow

the gas to absorb heat and cool down the air inside the building.

Microwave Oven

A microwave oven uses microwaves to heat food. Microwaves are radio waves. In the

case of microwave ovens, the commonly used radio wave frequency is roughly 2,500

megahertz (2.5 gigahertz). Radio waves in this frequency range have an interesting

property : they are absorbed by water, fats and sugars. When they are absorbed they are

converted directly into atomic motion and motion is converted into heat. Microwaves in

this frequency range have another interesting property: they are not absorbed by most

plastics, glass or ceramics. And metal reflects microwaves, which is why metals cause

spark in a microwave oven. The reason that metal reflects microwaves is that no

electronic waves resident in inside of conductor because conductors conductivity is

infinity as we studied in our course. The property in this paragraph is possible because

the frequency 2,500 megahertz is resonance frequency of water.