How far do you agree that the triumvirate made it possible for Stalin to rise to power?

Triumvirate - power base / could outvote Trotsky in Politburo / ensured that Lenin’s Political Testament remained a secret

Stalin’s personality and strategyPlayed one faction against the other, one at timeSupported Lenin all the wayHe made use of his positions build up his power

base.

Trotsky’s roleArrogance / Beliefs– criticized the members and

Lenin’s policy / didn’t attend Lenin’s funeral / wanted permanent revolution

Was the leader of the Red Army Lacked power base

Was forced labour the reason for the success of the Five-Year Plan? Forced Labour Conscription Use of fear to work Linkage : manpowerPropaganda Propaganda Medals and awards Socialist competitionLinkage : inspiration / motivation to work harder and produce moreMotivation Wages Honours Linkage : Honours gave them access to closed shops and better housingEducation : Training colleges build / courses / foreign aid / womenLinkage : Better wages if trained so workers motivated to attend and improve skills / women

increased workforce and foreign aid helped trained Russian engineers

How far do you agree that fear played a factor in the success of the Five-Year Plan?

Fear – forced labour / conscriptionPropaganda – Propaganda / Medals and

Awards / Socialist competitionMotivation – Wages / Medals and Awards Education

How far do you agree that Stalin’s Five-Year Plan caused much misery to Russia?

Use of force / Use of fear / Quote the number who died

Economic Development – success in terms of production and victory in World War II

Social Development – women came out to work / increase in education

How far do you agree that collectivization was implemented due to economic reasons?

Economic Reasons – solve the food problem / raise revenue for industrialisation

Social reason – control and transform the peasantry

Political reason – achieve socialism/ prove to the world / rid of political rivalry

Was the need for revenue the reason for collectivization?

Revenue for industrialization – Need to explain why the need for industrialization – refer to 5-year plan / how collectivization will help this

Social reasonPolitical Reason

How far do you agree that collectivization was a success?

Success from government’s point of viewFamine – explain the reasons for famine / how

many diedDeaths – explain reasons for death

‘dekulakization’ / protests / famine

How far do you agree that the purges were conducted because of economic reasons?

Economic Political – Internal / externalSocial Stalin’s personality

How far do you agree that Stalin’s reign brought about cultural improvement?

Cultural Educational Economic

How far do you agree that Gorbachev faced political problems when he took over Russia?

Political Problems – domestic and foreignEconomic Problems Social Problems – Black market / lack of

motivation to work / alcoholism

Did Gorbachev reform Russia through economic perestroika?

Economic PerestroikaPolitical PerestroikaGlasnost – openness in society

How far do you agree that Gorbachev’s economic reforms caused the collapse of the Soviet Union?

Economic Reforms - briefly identify the reforms and the effects

Political Reforms – on the party / on the peopleForeign Policy – on the Republics

Was the people’s disillusionment of Gorbachev’s reforms the reason for the collapse of the USSR?

People disillusioned because of political perestroika / glasnost and economic perestroika

Opposition from conservatives and radicalsOpposition externally