how do i handle hello how do you how are you doing nowadays

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  • 8/13/2019 How Do I Handle Hello How Do You How Are You Doing Nowadays

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    Democracies are of two types:

    1 Unitary

    2 Federal

    Unity has the following features :

    1 single authority

    2 States are subordinate to center

    3 USA, Australia, Switerland our Federal

    ! Dr" Ambed#ar $ Federal

    % &rofessor 'heare $ (uasi Federal)with strong centraliing tendency

    * Senate in USA depends on states $ contrary to Federal character

    + &rinciples should be rigid but scope of Federal constitution- should be wide

    . Should the court of Federal only if it displays Federal character predominantly

    Features of federalism

    1 Distribution of power between center and states

    2 Supremacy of constitution

    3 written constitution

    ! rigid

    % /udiciary independent

    All the abo0e are present in the ndian constitution

    &ro0isions which affect its Federal character

    1 o0ernor 1%%, 1%*

    2 &arliament ma#e certain state laws

    3 ew states $ new boundaries

    ! 4mergency pro0isions 55 3%2, 3%*, 3*6

    Features of ndian constitution

    1 7he longest

    2 So0ereign8

    3 &arliamentary

    ! Uni(ue blend $ si9 features

    % &ositi0e secularism

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    * ndian socialism

    + 4conomic democracy

    . ther features $ fundamental rights, directi0e principles, fundamental duties

    ;eaning of fundamental rights" ndian constitution

    7he general concept

    arta ?list of rights $ @ind

    /ohn by the people of 4ngland 121! AD

    2 Followed by bill of rights- 1*.B" 4nglishman were gi0en certain ci0il and

    political rights" 7hat could not be ta#en away"

    3 French ga0e declaration of the rights of man and citien- of the French

    re0olution 1+.B

    ! USA incorporated fundamental rights in their constitution bill of rights- by

    ten amendments which were beyond the reach of political decisions

    % ;ost democracies after this ga0e constitution sanctity to fundamental rights

    eed for fundamental rights

    1 Cule of law)'elfare state $ not to be transgressed by any authority stateE

    2 After such a long subugation, people had forgotten the meaning of freedom "

    and democracy is the best form of go0ernance)the representation of people"

    3 49tent of freedom $the (ualitati0e difference $citiens of the ulf countries

    and communist countries do not enoy the same"

    Fundamental rights in ndia&art article 12 to 3%E

    ;ane#a andhi 0 U 1B+. $ Ghagwati / said that the rights to present the 0alues

    cherished by ndians since