how do i handle hello how do you how are you doing nowadays
TRANSCRIPT
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8/13/2019 How Do I Handle Hello How Do You How Are You Doing Nowadays
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Democracies are of two types:
1 Unitary
2 Federal
Unity has the following features :
1 single authority
2 States are subordinate to center
3 USA, Australia, Switerland our Federal
! Dr" Ambed#ar $ Federal
% &rofessor 'heare $ (uasi Federal)with strong centraliing tendency
* Senate in USA depends on states $ contrary to Federal character
+ &rinciples should be rigid but scope of Federal constitution- should be wide
. Should the court of Federal only if it displays Federal character predominantly
Features of federalism
1 Distribution of power between center and states
2 Supremacy of constitution
3 written constitution
! rigid
% /udiciary independent
All the abo0e are present in the ndian constitution
&ro0isions which affect its Federal character
1 o0ernor 1%%, 1%*
2 &arliament ma#e certain state laws
3 ew states $ new boundaries
! 4mergency pro0isions 55 3%2, 3%*, 3*6
Features of ndian constitution
1 7he longest
2 So0ereign8
3 &arliamentary
! Uni(ue blend $ si9 features
% &ositi0e secularism
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8/13/2019 How Do I Handle Hello How Do You How Are You Doing Nowadays
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* ndian socialism
+ 4conomic democracy
. ther features $ fundamental rights, directi0e principles, fundamental duties
;eaning of fundamental rights" ndian constitution
7he general concept
arta ?list of rights $ @ind
/ohn by the people of 4ngland 121! AD
2 Followed by bill of rights- 1*.B" 4nglishman were gi0en certain ci0il and
political rights" 7hat could not be ta#en away"
3 French ga0e declaration of the rights of man and citien- of the French
re0olution 1+.B
! USA incorporated fundamental rights in their constitution bill of rights- by
ten amendments which were beyond the reach of political decisions
% ;ost democracies after this ga0e constitution sanctity to fundamental rights
eed for fundamental rights
1 Cule of law)'elfare state $ not to be transgressed by any authority stateE
2 After such a long subugation, people had forgotten the meaning of freedom "
and democracy is the best form of go0ernance)the representation of people"
3 49tent of freedom $the (ualitati0e difference $citiens of the ulf countries
and communist countries do not enoy the same"
Fundamental rights in ndia&art article 12 to 3%E
;ane#a andhi 0 U 1B+. $ Ghagwati / said that the rights to present the 0alues
cherished by ndians since