Seminar topic:- GERMPLASM EVALUATION OF HOT PEPPER IN POLYHOSE UNDER WEST BENGAL CONDITION

Course No. PSMA-592 Date-04.06.2015

Speaker:- Saurav RoyChairman:- Prof.A.BandapadhayaSeminar leaders: prof. J.K.Hore and Prof.A.B.Sharangi 

DEPARTMENT OF Spice and plantation crops

FACULTY OF HORTICULTUREBIDHAN CHANDRA KRISHI

VISWAVIDYALAYAMohanpur, nadia

West bengal 

M.Sc. 4th semester2015

CONTENTS Introduction Material methods Review literature Result and discussion Summary and conclusion

WHAT IS HOT PEPPER

The hot pepper or jolokia (Assamese: ভূ�ত-জলকী�য়া, Bengali:  নাগামরি�চor রি�ষ ঝাল), also known as bih jolokia, u-morok, ghost pepper,ghost hot pepper, red naga chilli, and ghost chilli . 

It is an interspecies hybrid of C. chinense and C. frutescens, cultivated in Bangladesh and Indian states of  Assam, Nagaland and Manipur.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate and characterize different growth parameters of hot pepper genotypes.  To study on character inter-relationships and their direct and indirect effects on fruit yield. To identify selection indices for the yield improvement of hot pepper for spices  To evaluate the performance of resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses.To pollinate or breed the germplasms having great variability

MATERIAL METHODS Plan of work:

Details of the experiment: Crop growing season Autumn- : winter to summer season

(2014-15) Design of the experiment : RBD with three replications Number of genotypes : 12 Spacing : 60cm x 45cm Date of sowing : 31.08.14 Date of transplanting : 15.10.2014

CONT..

The chemical properties of the soil of the field are as following:

 Organic Carbon - 0.52  Soil pH - 6.5 Available N, kg/ha - 205.45 Available P205, kg/ha -15.90 Available K20, kg/ha - 215.84

 METEOROLOGICAL DATA PERTAINING TO THE INVESTIGATION PERIOD DURING THE YEAR 2014-15.

Month Max temp Min temp RH (max) RH(min) RAINFALL SS(Hr)

September 36 25.7 96 71 41.6 5.2

October 36.1 22.1 92 63 20 6.5

November 33.5 15.8 84 46 0 7

December 30.7 12.4 83 49 0 6.6

January 25.8 10 92 59 0.0 20.7

February 30.7 13.9 90 45 28.5 7.25

March 35.1 15.6 87 43 26.2 7.5

April 38.4 24.8 88 35 0.0 8.4

May 41.1 23.8 88 43 11.8 8.1

June 38.5 26.6 93 66 72.4 4.56

DIAGRAMS

September October November December January February March April May June0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Max temp (0c)

Sept

embe

r

Octob

er

Novem

ber

Decem

ber

Janu

ary

Febr

uary

Mar

chAp

rilMay

June

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Min temp(0c)

OBSERVATION ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERS:

Plant growth habit Branching habit Pigment at node Leaf shape Leaf colour Corolla colour Fruit shape Blossom end fruit shape Mature fruit colour Ripe fruit colour Dried fruit colour

OBSERVATION OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS:

Germinated seedlings Seedling height Plant height Leaf length Leaf width Petiole length Days to first flowering Days to 50 % flowering Internodal distance Primary branches Secondary branches Canopy diameter EW Canopy diameter NS Fruit length Fruit girth Pedicel length Fruit weight

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

RBD Path analysis Principal component analysis Dendogram Cluster analysis

GERMPLASMS USED DOLLO

MANAS JOLOKIA

SUKHIA BULET

ICPN 20/1

ICPN 20/2

ICPN 20/3

ICPN 20/4

ICPN 20/5

ICPN 20/6

ICPN 20/7

ICPN 20/9

ICPN 20/10

POLYHOUSE

SEEDLING RAISING IN TRAYS INSIDE NET

TRANSPLANTING

STAKING

HARVESTING

REVIEW LITERATURE

Selection index The set of characters identified as

selection indices by different workers based on variability parameters, correlation and path analysis framed are reviewed…

RESEARCH FINDINGS IN SELECTION CRITERIA

Sl no

Characters to be considered in selection

References

1 Fruits /plant, fruit weight, dry yield/plant Sahoo et al. (1990)

Fruits /plant, green fruit weight, dry fruit weight Choudhury et al. (2004)

2 Yield/ plant, fruit/ plant Singh et al. (2005)

3 Fruit weight and fruit girth Rani et al. (1996)

4 Fruit/plant, fruit weight, yield/ plant and weight length Sreelatha kumari and Rajamony (2004)

5 Fruit/ plant, days to first fruit harvest and fruit weight Munshi et al. (2000),Jose et al. (2004)

6 Fruit/ plant, fruit weight, fruit length. Kataria et al. (1997),Devi et al. (1999)

REVIEW LITERATUREAUTHOR RESEARCH FINDINGS

YongFa et al (2010) An experiment was conducted on 12 characters of 64 hot pepper germplasm resources were analyzed to reveal genetic diversity of hot pepper germplasm resources and provide the scientific basis for further utilization of hot pepper germplasm resources

Singh et al (2014) Twelve genetically diverse inbred lines, including a cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile (CGMS) and a genetic male sterile (GMS) line, of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were crossed in half-diallel to produce 66 F1 hybrids.

Marame et al (2004 - 2005) Experiment was done on Twelve genotypes of the crop were crossed in half-diallel fashion to estimate genetic components of variation.

CONTD..

AUTHOR RESEARCH FINDINGS

Saha,S et al (2010) selection was done for candidate accession of hot pepper having high concentrations of ascorbic acid, capsaicin, beta -carotene, and total phenols for use as parents in breeding for these compounds

Marame, F et al (2009) Determination of the variation and effects of genes controlling inheritance of plant and fruit traits, and to propose efficient breeding procedures for improving the crop.

Bhatt et al (1996) Information on variability, heritability and genetic advance is derived from data on 9 yield related traits in 50 C. annuum and C. frutescence cultivars evaluated at Chaubattia

CONTD…

AUTHOR RESEARCH FINDINGS

Nayeema et al (1998) An experiment was conducted on genetic variability, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability, and heritability is derived from data on fruit and yield-related traits in 71 genotypes of hot pepper grown at Srinagar

Jabeen et al (1999) Information on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance was derived from data on 12 agronomic and yield-related traits in 71 hot pepper lines grown at Shalimar

Finger et al (2010) Uni- and multivariate analyses permitted the identification of marked genetic diversity and fruit attributes capable of being improved through breeding programs

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In the present investigation, evaluation of 12 hot pepper genotypes was done to study on (a) evaluation and characterization of different qualitative and quantitative characters, (b) character inter relationship and their direct and indirect effects fruit yield.  The results of different experimental approaches are presented below.

GROWTH PARAMETERS

Variety CHARACTERS

Plant growth habit

Branching habit

Pigment at node

Leaf shape Leaf colour

Corolla colour

Fruit shape

Blossom end fruit shape

Mature fruit colour

Ripe fruit colour

Dried fruit colour

DOLLO Erect Sparse Present cordate Green White Small, round

Round Green Deep red Blackish brown

MANAS JOLOKIA

Intermediate

Dense Present Elliptic Light green

Greenish white

Short, stout

Pointed Greenish yellow

Orange Blackish brown

SUKHIA BULET

Intermediate

Dense Present Elliptic Green Off white Small pointed Green Deep red Blackish brown

ICPN 20/1 Intermediate

Dense Present Lanceolate Deep green

white Small Pointed Deep green

Reddish brown

Blackish brown

ICPN 20/ 2 Intermediate

Dense Present Lanceolate Deep green

white Long, cylindrical

Blunt Light green

Reddish brown

Blackish brown

ICPN 20/ 3 Intermediate

Dense Present Lanceolate Deep green

white Medium long

Blunt Green Reddish brown

Blackish brown

ICPN 20/ 4 Intermediate

Dense Present Lanceolate Deep green

white Medium long

Blunt Green Reddish brown

Blackish brown

ICPN 20/5 Intermediate

Dense Present Lanceolate Deep green

white Very long Blunt Greenish brown

Reddish brown

Blackish brown

ICPN 20/ 6 Intermediate

Dense Present Lanceolate Deep green

white Very long Blunt Greenish brown

Reddish brown

Blackish brown

ICPN 20/7 Intermediate

Sparse Present Linear Light green

white Very long Pointed Pale green Orange red

Blackish brown

ICPN 20/ 9 Intermediate

Dense Present Lanceolate Deep green

white Medium long

Round Brown Reddish brown

Blackish brown

ICPN 20/10

Intermediate

Sparse Present Linear Light green

white Long Pointed yellow Orange red

Blackish brown

QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS

Var No of germinated seedlings/ 49 seeds

Seedling height after 1 month

Final plant height

LEAF LENGTH

LEAF WIDTH

PETIOLE LENGTH

Days to first flowering

Days to 50 % flowering

Intrnodal distance

No of primary branches/plant

No of secondary branches

Canopy diameter

E-W N-S

DOLLO34.000 12.400 208.333 17.167 13.000 6.000 195.667 203.667 25.333 6.333 25.000

71.333

60.667

MANAS JOLOKIA 38.333 12.167 160.000 15.000 7.400 2.500 168.333 178.333 19.333 5.333 22.333

56.333

59.333

SUKHIA BULET 27.000 9.933 148.667 11.000 5.400 3.200 181.000 189.000 17.333 5.667 27.333

84.000

85.667

ICPN 137.000 13.667 81.667 9.167 3.600 3.200 164.000 174.333 14.000 3.333 22.333

49.000

50.333

ICPN 236.667 13.500 91.667 13.200 7.000 5.733 111.333 123.667 11.333 4.000 24.333

52.333

43.667

ICPN 331.667 11.733 83.667 13.600 6.800 5.000 142.333 155.667 16.500 2.000 14.000

51.000

60.667

ICPN 437.000 12.167 83.333 12.000 7.867 5.600 150.667 163.333 14.000 3.000 22.000

48.333

59.333

ICPN 5 40.333 12.400 96.000 12.800 6.400 4.133 109.333 122.667 11.500 2.000 19.667

34.667

42.000

ICPN 641.333 13.433 90.667 14.200 6.500 3.700 121.667 135.000 9.667 3.000 25.000

52.333

54.667

ICPN 737.667 13.033 113.000 9.800 3.933 3.500 126.333 137.000 11.833 8.333 37.333

54.333

48.667

ICPN 935.000 12.233 92.000 13.500 7.867 6.000 140.333 151.667 10.333 5.000 25.000

54.667

42.667

ICPN 1039.333 10.833 123.000 10.733 4.200 7.000 131.333 145.000 9.733 7.333 37.667

47.000

43.000

C.D. N/A N/A 13.058 1.406 0.474 1.191 11.342 11.308 1.698 1.623 4.1983.23

63.235

SE(m) 3.638 0.778 4.424 0.476 0.160 0.403 3.842 3.831 0.575 0.550 1.4221.09

61.096

CV 17.370 10.959 6.701 6.507 4.170 15.088 4.584 4.237 6.996 20.649 9.7883.47

73.501

MEASUREMENT OF HERITIBILITY :CHARACTERS MEAN GV PV GCV PCV h2 GA GA % M

GS 36.278 2.477798 42.18779 4.339 17.904 5.872 0.786 2.166SH 129.278 45.77217 56.25791 35.406 43.517 66.199 76.718 59.344LL 12.681 4.986277 5.666672 17.609 18.772 87.985 4.315 34.025

LW 6.664 6.185524 6.262666 37.321 37.553 98.767 5.092 76.405PL 4.631 1.899523 2.387866 29.761 33.368 79.552 2.532 54.682DF 145.194 741.0603 785.3386 18.749 19.301 94.36 54.475 37.518

DM 156.611 652.938 696.9556 16.316 16.857 93.683 50.949 32.532IND 14.242 21.67298 22.66537 32.688 33.428 95.62 9.378 65.846

CDE-W 54.611 153.0154 156.6166 22.651 22.916 97.698 25.187 46.121N-S 54.222 152.4859 156.0823 22.774 23.041 97.691 25.142 46.369PM 4.611 3.956859 4.863361 43.14 47.827 81.36 3.696 80.159SB 25.167 42.59596 48.66163 25.933 27.718 87.53 12.578 49.979

FW 2.563 0.731448 0.764608 33.369 34.117 95.66 1.723 67.231PL 3.247 0.128616 0.154488 11.045 12.105 83.249 0.674 20.76

F WT 16.732 162.2201 179.8872 76.121 80.159 90.178 24.915 148.91DW 5.512 18.35628 19.74076 77.729 80.607 92.986 8.511 154.403

YIELD 18.294 22.43269 25.94847 25.89 27.845 86.451 9.072 49.589

DENDROGRAM

4.06

36.04

68.02

100.00

Varieties

Dis

tan

ce

Dendrogram for Clustering of hot pepperMethod: Ward Linkage, Squared Euclidean Distance

CLUSTER MEAN VALUE OF DIFFERENT

GERMPLASM OF HOT PEPPER

Germinated seedings

Seedling height (cm)

Final plant height (cm)

Leaf length (cm)

Leaf width (cm)

Petiole length (cm)

Days to first flowering

Days to 50 % flowering

Intrnodal distance

Cluster-1 36.16 12.28 184.16 16.08 10.2 4.25 182 191 22.33

Cluster-2 28 8.1 138.66 10 5.6 3.4 183 190 17

Cluster-3 37 12.62 87.50 12 6.34 4.73 150 161.7 13.3

Cluster-4 41.5 10.75 128 11.1 4.1 6.5 130 143 9.6

Cluster-5 39 13.09 97.83 12.5 5.95 4.26 117 129.5 11.08

Cont….E-W (cm)

N-S (cm)

Primary branches

Secondary branches

Fruit length (cm)

Fruit girth (cm)

Pedicel length (cm)

Frui wt (g)

Dry weight (g)

Yield/ plot (Kg)

Yield/plant (kg)

Cluster-1 63.83 60 5.83 23.6 3.1 2.25 3.3 3.08 1.25 17.57 1.09

Cluster-2 86 87 6 26 3.3 1.5 2.9 2.12 0.12 16 1.0

Cluster-3 50.75 51.5 3.5 21.3 8.87 2.4 3.02 17.52 5.62 14.24 0.9

Cluster-4 46 42.5 8 38 10.1 1.55 4.2 10.73 2.235 15.5 1.15

Cluster-5 48.41 47.25 4.33 26.5 14.4 3.25 3.28 27.68 8.84 23.95 1.16

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

The present investigation was undertaken during autumn –summer season of 2014-15 for studying the yield attributes and growth parameters in 12 germplasms at research field of BCKV in Kalyani, West Bengal.

EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HOT PEPPER GERMPLASMS THROUGH DIFFERENT QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS:

13 qualitative characters have been recorded which include plant growth habits, branching habit leaf length, width etc. it was undoubtedly established that the most genotypes belong to Capsicum annum. So as far all the characters are concerned wide range of variation was evident in days to first flowering , fruit weight, yield / plant and fruits/ plant etc. on the basis of mean performance of 12 germplasms three genotypes namely ICPN 20/5, ICPN 20/6 and ICPN 20/7 on respect of yield and Dollo, Manas Jolokia and Sukhia Bulet on the basis of growth habit and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses found promising in West Bengal condition .

CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF 12 GERMPLASMS OF HOT PEPPER:

Cluster analysis was done in different method like a) principal component analysis, hierarchal cluster analysis and by PC’s factor and Dendrogram. And according to the Dendrogram there is some groping or clusters like in the first cluster there is 2 germplasms Dollo and Manas Jolokia and in the 2nd Sukhia Bulet is there , in the 3rd 4 varieties are there like ICPN 20/1, ICPN 20/3, ICPN 20/4, ICPN 20/9 , in the 4th group only 1 germplasm is there ICPN 20/10 and in the last group there is 4 germplasms like ICPN 20/2, ICPN 20/5, ICPN 20/6 AND ICPN 20/7. So we can understand easily there is a large variability and heritability between the clusters so if we breed the germplasms according to our desirable characters there will be a great variability so the hybrid will have a good heterosis %.

FUTURE SCOPE

Evaluation and characterization of more number of hot pepper genotypes to identify high yielding dry hot pepper and the ones containing more oleoresin as well as capsaicin as an index to be regarded as spice.

Study on the genetic architecture of all the important characters of hot pepper.

Use of genetic divergence study and cluster analysis method for efficient grouping of diverse hot pepper genotypes.

Incorporation of colour value analysis of the hot pepper genotypes in the study.

Utilization cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) mechanism for selection of better parents from the genotypes

THANK YOU