hormones and behaviour. endocrine vs exocrine hormones and behaviour the endocrine glands...
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Hormones and Behaviour
Hormones and Behaviour
Endocrine vs Exocrine
Hormones and Behaviour
The Endocrine Glands (Invertebrates)
Neurosecretory cellsCorpora cardiaca
Corpora allata
Prothoracic gland
Gonads
Hormones and Behaviour
The Endocrine Glands
Hormones and Behaviour
Tobacco Hornworm
Hormones and Behaviour
Tobacco Hornworm - Moulting
EH
Stimulates
Ventromedial neurons (Brain)
ETH(Eclosion TriggeringHormone)
Inka cells ontrachea
Pre-Moult Behaviour
Falling ecdysone
Segmental Glands
CCAP(Crustaceancardioactivepeptide)
CNS
Ecdysis behaviour
Peripheral NS
Change in circulationAnd air swallowing
Surge in EH/ETH
Hormones and Behaviour
Hypothalamopituitary system
Endocrine Glands - What do they do
Gland Hormone Effect
Pineal Melatonin Annual reproductive cycle
Posterior Pituitary Oxytocin, vasopressin Milk ejection, birth, water balance
Anterior pituitary Luteinizing hormone (LH) Corpora lutea formation
Progesterone secretion
Androgen secretion
Follicle stumulating hormone Follice development
Ovulation (with LH and estrogen.)
Spermatogenesis
Prolactin Milk secretion
Parental behaviour (birds)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) Regulates adrenal glands
Intermediate pituitary Melanophore stimulating hormone Colour change
Adrenals(cortex) Steroids Water balance, metabolic rate, electrolyte balance, blood sugar, stress reaction
Adrenals (medulla) Adrenaline, noradrenaline Blood sugar, stress reaction
Pancreas Insulin Blood sugar
Testes Androgens Testis development, sexual activity, spematogenesis
Ovaries Estrogens Uterine growth, mammary gland development, sexual activity
Progesterones gestation
Hormones and Behaviour
Anolis Lizards1. Surgical Studies
Hormones and Behaviour
Anolis Lizards
Mean number of displays/min
Time
Castration Androgensreplaced
1. Surgical Studies
Hormones and Behaviour
Song Sparrows
2. Correlational Studies
Hormones and Behaviour
Song Sparrows
2. Correlational Studies
Plasma Testosterone level
F M A M J J A S
Territory Pair formation
Egg-laying
Brood 1
Egg-laying
Brood 2
Hormones and Behaviour
How Effect is Brought About
Generally
Stimulus CNS Hormone secreting cells
Behaviour
Hormones and Behaviour
Modes of Action1. Modifier of Behaviour
Female needs bloodto develop ovaries
-biting behaviour of mosquitos
Feeds
Blood meal
Ovarian development begins
Ovaries produce ecdysone
Inhibits
Hormones and Behaviour
Modes of Action2. Releaser of Behaviour
Among invertebrates - Moth - eclosion hormone (EH)
EH produced in brain & corpora cardiacaTurns on sequence ofbehaviour
Among vertebrates - general scheme
Stimuli Nervous system(Hypothalamus)
Pituitary
Endocrine gland
Behaviour
Hormones and Behaviour
Effects of Hormones1. Influence on releasers
e.g. secondary sexual characteristics - sexual swelling in female baboons
Hormones and Behaviour
Effects of Hormones2. Influence on receptors
e.g. sensitivity of brood patch
Hormones and Behaviour
Effects of Hormones3. Activation of neuron groups
e.g. eclosion behaviour of moths - activated by nerves on specific segments
Hormones and Behaviour
Effects of Hormones4. Effects on brain structure
e.g. Ventral hyperstriation in female canaries
Hormones and Behaviour
Effects of Hormones5. Hormone release controlled by behaviour
Red Deer - roaring by males influences estrous
Hormones and Behaviour
Effects of Hormones5. Hormone release controlled by behaviour
Red Deer - roaring by males influences estrous
Cumulative % calving
Date
Exposed to vasectomized and roaring male
Exposed to tape of roaring male
Isolated females
Photoperiod increases
Reproductive behaviour of the Ring Dove
MaleFemale
Testosterone increasesFemale present
Male courtship
Activate hypothalamus
Pituitary
FSHEgggrowth
Gonadal estrogens
Nest building & copulationNest building & copulation
Pituitary LHProgesterone (testis)
OvulationInhibits testosterone action
Block courtship & aggression Pituitary prolactin
Prolactin production progesteroneEgg incubation
Stimulates more prolactin
Crop milk
Squab feedingdrop in prolactin drop in prolactin
Egg laying in Aplysia
Egg laying in Aplysia
When ready to lay eggs
Stops moving and eating
Increase in heart and respiration rate
Muscles on reproductive tract contract
Eggs appear - egg string
Grabs string in upper lip
Waves head in stereotyped fashion
Pulls string and coats with mucous
Attach to rock
Egg laying in Aplysia
Egg laying in Aplysia
When ready to lay eggs
Stops moving and eating
Increase in heart and respiration rate
Muscles on reproductive tract contract
Eggs appear - egg string
Grabs string in upper lip
Waves head in stereotyped fashion
Pulls string and coats with mucous
Attach to rock
Fixed ActionPatterns
Egg laying in AplysiaGenes/nerves hormones
ELH (egg laying hormone) gene
Produces one large protein(codes for 271 amino acids)
Protein broken down to
ELH - bag factor -bag factor
Also involved - peptide A and peptide B
Egg laying in Aplysia
Peptide A and Peptide B
Stimulate bag cells(clusters of neurons)
Release ELH
Hormone-increases contraction rate of reproductive tract muscles Increases
firing rate of abdominal ganglion
Release - bag factor and - bag factor
Excitatory ( andInhibitory ( effects
? Probably coordinatefirings for FAP’s
Hormones and Mating
Crews (‘84, 87)
Gonadal
Activity
Time
Constant
Associated
Dissociated
Hormones and Mating
Associated
Hormones and Mating
Disassociated
Thamnophilis sirtalis parietalis
Hormones and Mating
Disassociated
Thamnophilis sirtalis parietalis
Males emerge early spring
Females emerge over next 1-3 weeks
Females mate with males waiting at nest entrance
Males mature gonads 5 - 10 weeks later & store sperm
Females mature gonads immediately to produce eggs
Hormones and Mating
Crews (‘84, 87) Constant
Taeniopygia guttata castanotis
Hormones and Mating
Crews (‘84, 87) Constant
Taeniopygia guttata castanotis
Dry Water Humidity Grass Water/Humid Water/Grass Humid./Grass Water/Humid./Grass
LH Level(ng/ml)