honors world history i. renaissance: “rebirth” / period begun by italy’s educated to recreate...
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Honors World HistoryHonors World History
I. Renaissance: “Rebirth” / Period begun by Italy’s educated to
recreate the culture of Greece and Rome
II. Causes of the Renaissance/ End of Feudalism/ End of Plagues/ End of Urban Riots/ Improvement in Textile Industry/ Improvement in Livestock Production/ Improvement in Peasant Life
III. Where did the Renaissance begin?
Where did the Renaissance Begin?/ Began in city-states of Italy (Florence)
because: Central location for trade Religious center (Christianity – Pope of Rome) Start of craft guilds (unions) Serfs were given more freedom Improvement in Bookkeeping Methods
(Fibonacci) Development of trade centers Presence and success of Middle Class Humanistic Philosophy or Values
IV. Humanism – philosophy which IV. Humanism – philosophy which stressed:stressed:
/ Self worth of the individual Portraits Autobiographies Artists wanted to be known for their
creations
/ Love of Learning and the Arts Establishment of many Universities Funding of education by the Catholic church
and wealthy aristocrats Stressed Latin and physical and moral
development Translated the Bible Taught less Bible and more Classic Literature
Enjoyment of Worldly Pleasures/ Fancy clothes/ Tasty foods/ Life should be enjoyed
V. Achievements
/ Literature Topics ranged from religious to secular
subjects– Miguel de Cervantes – Don Quixote– Shakespeare– Francesco Petrarch – Sonnets to Laura
/ Printing Press Johann Gutenberg – movable type 1455 press used to produce the first Bible
printed by machine helped spread new learning more people learned to read
VI. Period of Great Discovery and Exploration
/ Why Explore? New Technology – Caravel, Compass, lateen
sail Geography – Flat Earth Belief Self Confidence of the Renaissance
/ Effects of Exploration Map coast of Atlantic Ocean Two new continents discovered and explored Globe circumnavigated Exploration of the New World
– Slavery in the New World– New Foods
Art and PatronageArt and Patronage Italians were willing to spend a lot of
money on art./ Art communicated social, political, and
spiritual values./ Italian banking & international trade
interests had the money.
Public art in Florence was organized and supported by guilds.
Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!
1. Realism & 1. Realism & ExpressionExpression
Expulsion Expulsion fromfromthe Gardenthe Garden
MasaccioMasaccio
14271427
First nudes First nudes sincesinceclassical classical timestimes..
2. Perspective2. Perspective
Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!
First use First use of linear of linear
perspective!perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!
The The TrinityTrinity
MasaccioMasaccio
14271427
What you What you are, I once are, I once was; what I was; what I am, you will am, you will
become.become.
PerspectivePerspective
3. Classicism3. Classicism
Greco-Roman influence.
Secularism.
Humanism.
Individualism free standing figures.
Symmetry/BalanceThe The “Classical Pose”“Classical Pose”
Medici “Venus” (1c)Medici “Venus” (1c)
4. Emphasis on 4. Emphasis on IndividualismIndividualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre:
The Duke & Dutchess of UrbinoThe Duke & Dutchess of Urbino
Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.
Isabella d’Este –Isabella d’Este – da Vinci, 1499 da Vinci, 1499
1474-1539
“First Lady of the Italian Renaissance.”
Great patroness of the arts.
Known during her time as “First Lady of the World!”
5. Geometrical Arrangement of 5. Geometrical Arrangement of FiguresFigures
The Dreyfus The Dreyfus Madonna Madonna with the with the PomegranatPomegranatee
Leonardo da Leonardo da VinciVinci
14691469
The figure as The figure as architecture!architecture!
6. Light & Shadowing/Softening 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening EdgesEdges
ChiaroscuroChiaroscuro
“light dark”
SfumatSfumatoo
“to tone down”
7. Artists as 7. Artists as Personalities/CelebritiesPersonalities/Celebrities
Lives of the Lives of the Most Most Excellent Excellent Painters, Painters, Sculptors, andSculptors, andArchitectsArchitects
Giorgio VasariGiorgio Vasari
15501550
Renaissance Renaissance FlorenceFlorence
The Wool FactoryThe Wool Factoryby Mirabello Cavalori, 1570by Mirabello Cavalori, 1570 1252 – first gold 1252 – first gold
florinsflorins minted minted
Florentine lion:Florentine lion:symbol of St. symbol of St.
MarkMark
Lorenzo Lorenzo the Magnificentthe Magnificent
1478 - 15211478 - 1521
Cosimo de Cosimo de MediciMedici
1517 - 15741517 - 1574
Florence Under the MediciFlorence Under the Medici
Medici ChapelMedici Chapel
The Medici PalaceThe Medici Palace
Filippo Filippo BrunelleschiBrunelleschi1377 - 14361377 - 1436
ArchitectArchitect
Cuppolo of St. Cuppolo of St. MariaMariadel Fioredel Fiore
Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi
Commissioned to build the cathedral dome./ Used unique
architectural concepts. He studied
the ancient Pantheon in Rome.
Used ribs for support.
Brunelleschi’s “Secret”Brunelleschi’s “Secret”
Brunelleschi’s Dome:Brunelleschi’s Dome:Basilica of Saint Mary of the Flower
Comparing DomesComparing Domes
Other Famous DomesOther Famous Domes
Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital
(Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)
The Duomo, as if completed, in a fresco by Andrea di Bonaiuto, painted in the 1390s, before the commencement of the dome
The Duomo’s Baptistery Doors
The Ideal CityThe Ideal City Piero della Francesca, 1470Piero della Francesca, 1470
A Contest to Decorate the Cathedral: A Contest to Decorate the Cathedral: Sacrifice of IsaacSacrifice of Isaac Panels Panels
Brunelleschi Ghiberti
Ghiberti – Ghiberti – Gates of ParadiseGates of ParadiseBaptistry Door, Florence – 1425 - Baptistry Door, Florence – 1425 -
14521452
The Winner!The Winner!
David by David by DonatelloDonatello
14301430
First free-form bronze First free-form bronze since Roman times!since Roman times!
The Liberation of The Liberation of SculptureSculpture
Vitruvian Vitruvian Man Man
Leonardo daLeonardo daVinciVinci
14921492TheThe
L’uomoL’uomouniversaleuniversale
The Renaissance “Man”The Renaissance “Man”
Broad knowledge about many things in different fields.
Deep knowledge/skill in one area. Able to link information from
different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.
The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.
Self-Portrait Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512-- da Vinci, 1512
1452 - 15191452 - 1519
Artist
Sculptor
Architect
Scientist
Engineer
Inventor
Leonardo, the Leonardo, the ArtistArtist
The Virgin The Virgin of the Rocks of the Rocks
Leonardo daLeonardo daVinciVinci
1483-14861483-1486
Leonardo, the Artist:Leonardo, the Artist:From his From his Notebooks of over Notebooks of over 5000 5000
pages (1508-1519)pages (1508-1519)
Mona LisaMona Lisa – da Vinci, 1503-4 – da Vinci, 1503-4
Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??
The Last Supper The Last Supper - da Vinci, - da Vinci, 14981498
& Geometry& Geometry
RefractoryRefractory
Convent of Convent of Santa Maria Santa Maria delle Graziedelle Grazie
MilanMilan
horizontal
vert
ical
PerspectivPerspective!e!
The Last Supper The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498- da Vinci, 1498
A Da Vinci “Code”:St. John or Mary Magdalene?
Leonardo, the Architect:Leonardo, the Architect:Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
Study of a Study of a central central church.church.
14881488
Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
An example of An example of the humanist the humanist desire to desire to unlock the unlock the secrets of secrets of nature.nature.
Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
Leonardo, the Inventor: Leonardo, the Inventor: Pages from his Pages from his
NotebookNotebook
Man Can Fly?Man Can Fly?
A study of siege A study of siege defenses.defenses.
Studies of water-lifting Studies of water-lifting devices.devices.
Leonardo, the Engineer: Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
Michelangelo BuonorratiMichelangelo Buonorrati
1475 – 15641475 – 1564
He He represented represented the body in the body in three three dimensions dimensions of sculpture.of sculpture.
Donatello 1408-1409, Michelangelo 1501-1504, Bernini 1623-1624
Three David Sculptures from the Renaissance
DavidDavid
MichelangelMichelangelooBuonarottiBuonarotti
15041504
MarbleMarble
15c15c
16c 16c
WhatWhat
aa
differencedifference
aa
centurycentury
makes!makes!
The PietaThe Pieta
MichelangeMichelangeloloBuonarrotiBuonarroti
14991499
marblemarble
The Popes as Patrons of the Arts
The Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo Buonarroti
1508 - 1512
The Sistine Chapel’s The Sistine Chapel’s CeilingCeiling
Michelangelo BuonarrotiMichelangelo Buonarroti1508 - 15121508 - 1512
The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails
The The Creation Creation
of the of the HeavensHeavens
The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails
Creation of ManCreation of Man
The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails
The Fall The Fall from from GraceGrace
The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails
The Last JudgmentThe Last Judgment
Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael,1514-1515
Wrote Wrote The The Courtier Courtier
Castiglione Castiglione represented represented the humanist the humanist “gentleman” “gentleman” as a man of as a man of refinement refinement and self-and self-control.control.
PerspectivPerspective!e!
PerspectivPerspective!e!
Betrothal of the Virgin
Raphael
1504
Raphael’sRaphael’s Canagiani Madonna, Canagiani Madonna, 15071507
Raphael’sRaphael’s Madonnas Madonnas (1)(1)
Sistine MadonnaSistine Madonna Cowpepper MadonnaCowpepper Madonna
Madonna della SediaMadonna della Sedia Alba MadonnaAlba Madonna
Raphael’s Madonnas (2)
The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
One point perspective. All of the important Greek philosophers
and thinkers are included all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts!
A great variety of poses. Located in the papal apartments library. Raphael worked on this commission
simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel.
No Christian themes here.
The School of Athens The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 – Raphael, 1510 -11-11
Raphael
Da Vinci
Michelangelo
AristotleAristotle::looks to thislooks to thisearth [theearth [thehere andhere and
now].now].
PlatoPlato::looks to thelooks to theheavens [or heavens [or
the IDEALthe IDEALrealm].realm].
The School of Athens The School of Athens – Raphael, – Raphael, detailsdetails
Zoroaster
Ptolemy
Euclid
The Liberation of St. PeterThe Liberation of St. Peter by Raphael, by Raphael, 15141514
Portrait of Pope Julius IIPortrait of Pope Julius II by Raphael, 1511-1512 by Raphael, 1511-1512
More concerned More concerned with politics than with politics than with theology.with theology.
The “Warrior The “Warrior Pope.”Pope.”
Great patron of Great patron of Renaissance Renaissance artists, especially artists, especially Raphael & Raphael & Michelangelo.Michelangelo.
Died in 1513Died in 1513
Birth of VenusBirth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485 – Botticelli, 1485
An attempt to depict perfect beauty.
PrimaveraPrimavera – Botticelli, 1482 – Botticelli, 1482
Depicted classical gods as Depicted classical gods as almost naked and life-size.almost naked and life-size.