honors - carbon & organic compounds 1213
TRANSCRIPT
Organic CompoundsEnzymes
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2EXPERIMENT
“Atmosphere”
Electrode
Condenser
CH4
H2NH3
Water vapor
Cooled “rain”containingorganicmolecules
Cold water
Sample for chemical analysis
H2O “sea”
Figure 4.7(a) Structural isomers
(b) Cis-trans isomers
(c) Enantiomers
cis isomer: The two Xsare on the same side.
trans isomer: The two Xsare on opposite sides.
CO2HCO2H
CH3
H NH2
L isomer
NH2
CH3
H
D isomer
Figure 4.8
Drug
Ibuprofen
Albuterol
ConditionEffective
EnantiomerIneffectiveEnantiomer
Pain;inflammation
Asthma
S-Ibuprofen R-Ibuprofen
R-Albuterol S-Albuterol
Figure 4.UN02
Estradiol
Testosterone
Carbonyl
Hydroxyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Phosphate
Methyl
Sulfhydryl
What does this mean about connection between Genes and Protein?
Monomers and Polymers
Cooperative Binding
Carbonic Anhydrase
• 104 to 106 reactions per second.
QUESTION: In ray-finned fish how does the Root effect allow unloading of oxygen to peripheral tissues without compromising its uptake in the gills during blood acidosis.
No plamsa-accessible CA (in gills)
Functions of Proteins
When in doubt…..proteins
Storage
Structural
Transport
Hormonal
Receptor
Contractile & Motor
Defensive
Enzymes
Restriction Enzyme
Enzymes
Enzyme Simulation
• How is the velocity of an enzyme reaction effected by:– pH– Temperature– Substrate Concentration
Initial Velocity (V0 or VI)
Initial Velocity (V0 or VI)
Vmax
Enzymatic Pathway
Protein Quantification
Starch
Glucose
Starch
Monomers vs. polymers
LACTASE: LCT (Single Mutation)
AMYLASE:AMY Gene (multiple copies)
