honors biology chapter 2.1 – 2.7 population ecology

32
Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Upload: reginald-kelley

Post on 02-Jan-2016

217 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Honors BiologyChapter 2.1 – 2.7

Population Ecology

Page 2: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

IndividualOne organismEx: Canis lupus, 1 Wolf

Page 3: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

PopulationA group of one species living in an areaEx: 1000 foxes in Kendall Co.

Page 4: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Population DensityThe number of individuals per unit areaEx: 6 wolves/km2

Page 5: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

What is the density of house sparrows?

1 square km

Page 6: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

What is the density of white-tailed deer?

1 square km

Page 7: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

The pattern of spacing among individualsClumped, Uniform, Random

Population Dispersion

Page 8: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Population GrowthPositive Population Change

Natality: birth rateImmigration: entering

Negative Population ChangeMortality: death rateEmigration: leaving

Page 9: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Exponential GrowthUnder ideal conditions with unlimited

resources, the larger a population gets, the faster it grows.

Page 10: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Logistic GrowthEventually populations run out of space

and resources

Page 11: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Carrying CapacityThe maximum number of individuals the

environment can support

Page 12: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Population Size LimitationsDensity Dependent Factors

Limitations of a population due to the size of the population

Density Independent FactorsLimitations of a population with no

relationship to the size of the population

Page 13: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Density Dependent FactorsCompetition

Food, water, shelter, spacePredationDisease

Parasites, illness

Page 14: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Density Independent FactorsNatural Disasters

Tornado, Hurricane, Volcanism, etc.TemperatureHuman Activities

Page 15: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Honors BiologyChapter 2.8 - 2.12

Human Population Problem

Page 16: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

7000 BCEworld population: ~7 million people

Page 17: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

4000 BCEworld population: ~20 million people

Page 18: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

1000 BCEworld population: ~50 million

Page 19: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

1800 CEworld population: ~ 900 million

Page 20: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Human Population History

Page 21: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Human Population History

Page 22: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Human Population History

Page 23: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

If exponential growth continues… In 573 years… 1 person/m2 on Earth In 1546 years… mass of humanity = mass

of the earth No exponential growth can continue

indefinitely

Page 24: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Planet Earth’s carrying capacity~10 billion peopleThis might be reached by 2050

Page 25: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Estimated Human Pop. Growth

Page 26: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Limiting Factors of Human Pop.Food, Water, ShelterAll come from the environment

Page 27: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology
Page 28: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology
Page 29: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology
Page 30: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Easter Island MysteryRemote, 163km2 island ~2,000mi off coast

of ChileA group of people arrived by boats around

1100CE By 1600’s, population rose to ~15,000

people

Page 31: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

Easter Island MysteryIn 1722, Spanish arrived and only 2,000

people remained21 species of trees & 30 species of birds

extinctFell to only 111 people in 1877

Diseases from Europeans

Page 32: Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology