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Page 1: Homework( Soil,Water(andPlant(Nutrients ( Chapter(2( · Homework(Soil,Water(andPlant(Nutrients (Chapter(2((Name%_____%%%%% %Date_____ % % 1.%%How%issoil%produced?

Homework  

Soil,  Water  and  Plant  Nutrients  

Chapter  2  

 

Name  ___________________________                                                                

 Date  ____________________________  

 

1.    How  is  soil  produced?  

   

 

 

2.    Approximately  what  percentage  of  the  following  constitutes  bulk  soil?  

  a)    minerals  and  organic  material   ___________  

  b)    water                                                                                 ___________  

  c)    air                                                                                           ___________  

 

3.    True  or  False  

         The   addition  of   decomposed  organic  matter   to   the   soil   can  dramatically   increase   the   soils  water  holding  capacity?  

   

4.    List  some  of  the  physical  characteristics  of  soil.  

 

 

   

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5.    The  color  of  soil  can  indicate  various  soil  conditions.    What  could  be  said  about:  

  a)    dark  soil  

       

  b)    light  or  pale  colored  soil    

 

  c)    red  or  brown  subsoil?  

   

  d)    yellow  subsoil?  

 

     

6.    Which  three  ingredients  make  up  the  texture  of  soil?    Order  them  from  smallest  particle  size  to  largest.  

 

7.    List  the  major  six  soil  textures  in  Texas.  

 

   

8.    Explain  the  difference  between  soil  texture  and  soil  structure.  

   

 

 

9.    a)    What  term  is  used  to  define  the  measurement  of  downward  drainage  through  the  soil?  

   

         b)    What  term  is  used  to  define  the  measurement  of  drainage  across  the  surface  of  the  soil?  

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10.    Why  would  it  be  detrimental  to  most  plants   if  the  soil  drainage  is  poor  causing  too  much  water  to  be  retained  in  the  soil?  

 

11.    List  three  benefits  of  adding  organic  matter  to  the  soil.  

  1.      

  2.  

  3.        

 

12.    Why  is  it  better  to  amend  soil  with  decomposed  organic  matter,  such  as  compost  instead  of  undecomposed  organic  matter?  

   

 

13.    What  are  some  of  the  advantages  of  growing  cover  crops?  

   

 

14.    What  do  soil  microorganisms  such  as  protozoa,  bacteria  and   fungi  have   in  common  with  macroorganisms  such  as  earthworms?  

   

 

15.    The  regular  addition  of  organic  mulches  works  to:  

  a)    Improve  the  internal  structure  of  the  soil  

  b)    Reduce  extreme  fluctuations  in  soil  temperature  and  moisture  levels  

  c)    Control  weeds  

  d)  All  of  the  above  

 

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16.     The  water   holding   capacity   of   soil   depends   on   its   texture   and   structure.    Which   of   the  dominant  Texas  soil  types  has  the  highest  water  holding  capacity  and  which  has  the  lowest?  

     

17.    pH  is  used  to  measure  how  acidic  or  alkaline  a  soil  is.      

  a)    As  the  pH  decreases,  does  the  acidity  increase  or  decrease?      

              b)    As  the  pH  increases,  does  the  alkalinity  increase  or  decrease?  

            c)    What  is  the  neutral  pH  range?    __________  

                         

18.    Why  is  soil  pH  important  for  plant  health?  

   

 

19.    Not  all  plants  prefer  the  same  pH  level.    It  is  possible  to  raise  or  lower  the  pH  of  the  soil  to  accommodate  specific  plants.      

  a)    Would  adding  sulfur  to  the  soil  raise  or  lower  the  pH?    

                b)    Would  adding  wood  ashes  to  the  soil  raise  or  lower  the  pH?  

 

20.    If  a  bag  of  fertilizer  is  labeled  10-­‐20-­‐15,  what  does  each  number  represent?  

 

21.     Assume   your   soil   analysis   indicates   that   you   need   to   apply   2   lbs   of   Nitrogen   per   1000  square  feet.    You  have  a  bag  of  fertilizer  with  a  20-­‐0-­‐0  analysis.    Your  garden  area  measures  40ft  by  80ft.    How  many  pounds  of  fertilizer  do  you  need  to  apply?  

   

   

 

22.    What  constitutes  a  complete  fertilizer?  

 

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23.    What  is  an  organic  fertilizer?  

   

24.    What  problems  can  occ  

 

25.    What  is  leaching  and  why  is  it  important  for  container  grown  plants?  

 

   

26.     In   general  what  does  each  of   the   three  major  nutrients   in   a   complete   fertilizer   do   for   a  plant?  

  1.    Nitrogen  -­‐  

  2.    Phosphorus  -­‐    

  3.    Potassium  -­‐    

 

27.    What  are  five  methods  of  applying  fertilizer?  

  1.    ___________________________     4.    _____________________________  

  2.    ___________________________       5.    _____________________________    

  3.    ___________________________  

 

28.    Why  is  it  a  good  idea  to  have  your  soil  tested?  

 

29.    How  does  runoff  from  a  lawn  that  had  too  much  fertilizer  applied  contribute  to  pollution  in  a  body  of  water?  

 

 

30.    To  conserve  water,  when  are  the  best  times  to  water  your  lawn  and  why?  

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