homelessness [nyc]

homelessness

Tier 1, Barrack Type Shelter, Ft. Washington, NYCPolitical Art and Visual Commentary illustrating social and urban issues by Sol Robbinshttp://www.criticaleye.org/

nyc

history [1870s]

homelessness

New York City Rescue Mission, founded in 1872 and Bowery Mission 1878 as a response to the wave of European immigration placing great strain on the city’s resources.

history [1890s]

homelessness

Children sleeping in Mulberry Street - Jacob Riis photo New York, United States of America (1890)

history [1930s]

homelessness

1930s Great DepressionReduction in the availability of affordable housing, such as single room occupancies (SROs)

A long line of jobless and homeless men wait outside to get a free dinner at New York City's municipal lodging house in 1932. At the peak of the Great Depression, 25 per cent of Americans were out of work. (Associated Press)

http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2009/01/09/f-

A DEMOLITION, TENEMENTShttp://www.housingauthority.lagcc.cuny.edu/nychacol/NYCHA_RESULT

Decrease in Affordable Housing + SROs

history [1960s]

homelessness

Deinstitutionalization -The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 (also known as the Commu-nity Mental Health Centers Construction Act, Public Law 88-164, or the Mental Retardation and Community Mental Health Centers Construc-tion Act of 1963)

http://www.freshhonesty.com/2009/11/homelessness-in-nyc.html

1963 Deinstitutionalization

communitysupportsystem

mentalinstitution

history [1970s-1980s]

homelessness

In 1985 as a response to the increased homelessness in the

1972 tax abatement (J-51) towards conversions for residential units

$$$

gov

1972-1982

over 100,000 single occupancy units (SORs) are eliminated

1979 callahan v. carey constitutional right to decent shelter. by 1981 the city and state agreed to provide board and shelter to all homeless men. by 1983 this right was extended to homeless women.

1985 18 month moratorium on all demolitions and conversions of SORs

“cerificate of of no harrassmnet”

history [1970s-1980s]

1979-1983 the right to decent shelter

homelessness

Callahan v. Carey - 1979, a New York City lawyer, Robert Hayes, brought a class action suit before the courts for a person's state constitutional right to decent shelter. By 1981 the City and State agreed to provide board and shelter to all homeless men. By 1983 this right was extended to homeless women.

1987 Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act

1981 Coalition for the Homeless

1995 Program Continuum of Care

1993 New York City Department of Homeless Services

history [1980s-present]

homelessness

remains the only—major federal statutory response to homelessness consisted of 15 programs, such as emer-gency shelter, transitional housing, permanent housing, job training, primary health care, and education.

funds are available on a competitive basis to geo-graphic areas.

2009 Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing

2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

2009 Homelessness Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing Program

McKinney-Vento a companion bill with the HEARTH as part of the Helping Families Save Their Homes Act of 2009. The HUD McK-V program has made available $1.67 billion through Congress for the US.Ineligible PeopleWeakens Community Decision-Making Restrictions on Eligible ActivitiesPrivacy Concerns

current [statistics]

homelessness

http://secondavenuesagas.com/2007/02/27/mta-doling-out-big-bucks-to-get-homeless-out-of-subways/

New York City: Census of Homeless People in the Municipal Shelter System, 1983-2010

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

198

319

84

198

5

198

6

198

7

198

8

198

9

199

0

199

1

199

2

199

3

199

4

199

5

199

6

199

7

199

8

199

9

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ce

nsu

s o

f H

om

ele

ss A

du

lts a

nd

Ch

ildre

n R

esi

din

g in

th

e M

un

icip

al

Sh

elte

r S

yste

m

Source: New York City Department of Homeless Services and Human Resources Administration, shelter census reportsPrepared by Patrick Markee, Coalition for the Homeless, 212-776-2004

January 31, 2010 Shelter Census:

39,256

March 1987Shelter Census:

28,737

campaigns [2007]

homelessness

new york city public campaigns against homelessnes

http://imgs.sfgate.com/c/pictures/2004/06/13/mn_philyhomeless11.jpg

campaigns [2010]

homelessness

new york city public campaigns against homelessnes

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Incarceration

Substance Abuse

Domestic Violence

Family Conflict

Loss of Housing Subsidy

Emotional Health Problems

Physical Health Problems

Loss of Public Benefits

Eviction

Job loss

ImpresionamentoUso de drogasViolencia domesticaConflitos de familiaPerda de subsidios de habitacaoProblemas psicologicosProblemas de saude fisicosPerda de beneficios publicosEvictionPerda de trabalho

homelessness[causes]

homelessness

Eleven percent of the people interviewed for the Vera study, indicated that they had stayed in a homeless shelter as a child. The majority of people interviewed—71 percent—were living in shelter for the first time as an adult. Of the total sample, 13 percent had returned to shelter after having been placed in subsidized housing, typically Section 8 or public housing.

Previously left shelter to

subsidized housing in NYC

13%

1st -Time Users

[1° Vez] 71%

Previously left shelter to other arrangement

16%

Research shows that the primary cause of homelessness, particularly among families, is lack of affordable housing. Surveys of homeless families have identified the following major immediate causes of home-lessness: eviction; doubled-up or severely overcrowded housing;domestic violence; and hazardous housing conditions.

homelessness[causes]

homelessness

homeless families per community districtbetween 1999-2003

0

miles5 10

1,000 to 1,360 (4)500 to 999 (12)250 to 499 (13)

50 to 249 (19)Less than 50 (23)

current [statistics]

homelessness

Distribution of sheltered and unsheltered homelessindividuals in NYC, March 2005: 86% of homelessindividuals used DHS shelters

11% unsheltered3% other*

65% familyfamilyf DHS shelters

21% single adult

DHS shelters

*Includes individuals in private shelters and hospital emergency rooms, and arrestees

Queens

Brooklyn

Manhattan

The Bronx

Staten Island

unsheltered [_]

60%

As in other American cities, New York City’s unsheltered homeless population is concentrated in the central business district – that is, midtown Manhattan. Surveys show that nearly 60 percent of New York City’s unsheltered homeless population is in Manhattan.Each night thousands of unsheltered homeless people sleep on New York City streets, in the subway system, and in other public spaces. There is no accurate measurement of New York City’s unshel-tered homeless population, and recent City surveys significantly underestimate the number of unshel-tered homeless New Yorkers.

homelessness

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Incarceration

Substance Abuse

Domestic Violence

Family Conflict

Loss of Housing Subsidy

Emotional Health Problems

Physical Health Problems

Loss of Public Benefits

Eviction

Job loss

ImpresionamentoUso de drogasViolencia domesticaConflitos de familiaPerda de subsidios de habitacaoProblemas psicologicosProblemas de saude fisicosPerda de beneficios publicosEvictionPerda de trabalho

nyc

unsheltered

homelessness http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/content/view/23174/

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Incarceration

Substance Abuse

Domestic Violence

Family Conflict

Loss of Housing Subsidy

Emotional Health Problems

Physical Health Problems

Loss of Public Benefits

Eviction

Job loss

ImpresionamentoUso de drogasViolencia domesticaConflitos de familiaPerda de subsidios de habitacaoProblemas psicologicosProblemas de saude fisicosPerda de beneficios publicosEvictionPerda de trabalho

nyc

unsheltered [_]

homelessness http://www.ajmuste.org/images/PTH_Members_with_Banner.jpg

53% African-American

32% Latino

7% white

1% Asian-American

1% Native American

6% unknown race/ethnicity.

estimates of 2,500unsheltered homelessin new york city.

Studies show that the large majority of street homeless New Yorkers are people living with mental illness or other severe health problems. Four out of five street homeless New Yorkers are men.Research shows that, compared to homeless families, homeless single adults have much higher rates of serious mental illness, addiction disorders, and other severe health problems.

recycling [forms of income]

homelessness

Studies show that the large majority of street homeless New Yorkers are people living with mental illness or other severe health problems. Four out of five street homeless New Yorkers are men.Research shows that, compared to homeless families, homeless single adults have much higher rates of serious mental illness, addiction disorders, and other severe health problems.

health [statistics]

homelessness

Most frequent causes of hospitalizations, NYC 2001-2003

Among homeless adults Among non-homeless adults

Cause Number Percent

Heart diseasePregnancy relatedInjuriesCancerMental illnessSubstance useIn�uenza/pneumoniaAlcohol useDiabetesBenign cancer

Cause Number Percent

Substance useAlcohol useMental illnessInjuriesPregnancy relatedHeart diseaseDiabetesIn�uenza/pneumonia

31%24%14%

4%4%2%1%1%1%

<1%

14,86511,589

6,8211,8741,7241,045

692670632263

13%9%8%5%5%3%3%2%2%2%

338,917250,997229,662148,845130,775

88,42776,73066,66259,38053,833

AsthmBronchitis

health [statistics]

homelessness

Most frequent causes of death, 2001-2003Causes of death among adults who used the

DHS single adult sheltersCauses of death among NYC adults

Cause Number % of Death rates*of deaths deaths (deaths/

100,000)

Substance use 151 16.7 231

Heart disease 149 16.5 477

Cancer 137 15.2 471

HIV/AIDS 125 13.8 204

Accidents 43 4.8 **

In�uenza/ 31 3.4 **pneumonia

Assault 28 3.1 **

Alcohol use 27 3.0 **

Viral hepatitis 26 2.9 **

Suicide 26 2.9 **

*Age adjusted **Numbers were too small to age adjust among homeless population.

Cause Number % of Death rates* of deaths deaths (deaths/

100,000)

Heart disease 72,493 41.3 436Cancer 41,411 23.6 247In�uenza/ 7,650 4.4 46pneumoniaStroke 5,573 3.2 33Diabetes 5,299 3.0 32HIV/AIDS 5,105 2.9 28Chronic lower 4,994 2.8 30respiratorydiseasesAccidents 3,544 2.0 20Substance use 2,652 1.5 15Hypertension 2,210 1.3 13

health [statistics]

homelessness

0500

100015002000250030003500400045005000

65+ Black Hispanic

1311

4621 4470

1463

35343915

2154

4075

3491

WhiteWomenMen45–6425–4418–24

Prevalence rates* of HIV/AIDS among adults who used DHS single adult shelters, 2001-2003

*rates for sex and race/ethnicity are age adjusted

People livingwith HIV/AIDS/

100,000

Age

NYC adultpopulation:

1380

relief [short-term shelters]

homelessness

relief [transitional + supportive housing]

homelessness

relief [housing assistance]

homelessness

Crisis Services Provides a lifeline to homeless men, women and children who are in the midst of an emergency and require immediate relief.

Housing Programs Address housing challenges by providing home-less and low-income individuals with job skills

and supportive homes.

Youth Services Breaks the cycle of poverty by providing home-less boys and girls with tools to overcome the unique obstacles they face.

Job Training Addresses employment challenges.

services [pre + post]

homelessness

relief