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Homeless Families By Jen Chang, Tracie Dunton, Grace Kim, John Pehanich, Matthew Steadman, & Jermaine Varian

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Homeless Families. By Jen Chang, Tracie Dunton, Grace Kim, John Pehanich , Matthew Steadman, & Jermaine Varian. Definition of Homelessness. An individual or family who lacks a fixed, regular and adequate nighttime residence, and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Homeless Families

Homeless FamiliesBy Jen Chang, Tracie Dunton, Grace Kim, John

Pehanich, Matthew Steadman, & Jermaine Varian

Page 2: Homeless Families

An individual or family who lacks a fixed, regular and adequate nighttime residence, and

An individual or family who has a primary nighttime residence that is:Welfare hotels, Congregate shelters, or

transitional housing , orAn institution that provides a temporary

residence , A regular sleeping accommodation not

intended for human beings.

Definition of Homelessness

Southern Nevada Regional Planning Coalition & Applied Research, 2011

Page 3: Homeless Families

Homelessness has been a socioeconomic and socioeconomic problem since colonial times

Civil War1872 – First know rescue mission established

in New York cityGreat Depression – 25% unemployment rates

Hobohemia counter cultureContemporary Period – 1980 to present

Homelessness in AmericaHistorical Perspective

National Policy and Advocacy Council on Homelessness, 2011; Carlson, N.D.

Page 4: Homeless Families

Wages not keeping up with living costsFederal Poverty Level for a family of 3 is $18,530/year.Nevada Minimum wage is $8.25/hr.

$17,160/year $1,430/month

Self-sufficiency Standard in Clark County is $1,528/month for 1 person.

To afford to pay the National Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom apartment…Individual must earn $18.32/hour

Equivalent Annual Salary of $38,106 10 million working poor in the US1/5 of all jobs do not keep families out of poverty

Contemporary Homelessness

Southern Nevada Regional Planning Coalition & Applied Research, 2011;

The National Center on Family Homelessness, 2011.

Page 5: Homeless Families

Lack of affordable HousingCuts in Federal Aid between 1980 – 1983

140 billion was cut from budgetBudget for low-income housing cut by 49%

5.8 million low-income housing units needed to fill the gapAverage wait for public housing is 20 monthsAverage wait for a Section 8 Voucher is 35

months

Contemporary Homelessness

The National Center on Family Homelessness, 2011.

Page 6: Homeless Families

McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act – 1987

Provided federal aid to shelter programsWide range of services to the homeless through 15

different programsHomeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid

Transition to Housing Act (HEARTH) – 2009Focus on homeless preventionReauthorized McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance

Act.

Contemporary Homelessness

The National Center on Family Homelessness, 2011.

Page 7: Homeless Families

New York CityEarly 1980’s Welfare Hotels Depicts through interviews with parents and children what life was like for them. The living conditions, the occupational deprivation they experienced and the psycho-social consequences of being homeless.

Page 8: Homeless Families

Homelessness in Clark CountyHomeless population in

Clark County as of January 2011: 9, 432 people 43, 294 people estimated

total for the year

TOTAL NUMBER OF FAMILIES WITH KIDS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE: 306 families

Gender: Males-63 % females 37%

Race: 47% Caucasian 29% African American, 12% Latino 5%Asian/Pacific islander

Age: 62 % between 31-60 years

of age

Southern Nevada Regional Planning Coalition & Applied

Research, 2011

Page 9: Homeless Families

Socioeconomic Factors Top three reasons for

homelessness as of 2011: 50% -Job loss 26% -Alcohol/drug use 12% -Family/domestic violence

TANF-temporary assistance for needy families-money for housing, clothes, food

A life time limit of 60 months

Total assets must be less than $2,000 Example: For a father and his 12

year old son $316 for a month

Snap-(Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program)-food stamps-

Similar eligibility Example: a family of three $526 (Nevada Legal Services, 2013)

Section 8-The family pays 30-40% of the monthly rent and Southern Nevada Regional Housing (SNRH) Authority pays the remaining rent This is an agreement with a

private owner and (SNRH) (Nevada Legal Services, 2013)

Southern Nevada Regional Planning Coalition & Applied Research, 2011

Page 10: Homeless Families

Las Vegas is fueled by tourism, gaming, and entertainment.

According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics the “Great Recession” began in December of 2007 and ended June 2009 (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012).

In Las Vegas in December of 2007 the unemployment rate was 6.8% and as of July 2012 it was 12% (Anderson, 2012).

Socioeconomic Factors

Page 11: Homeless Families

Las Vegas is a mixing pot of cultures as is the homeless population.

Clark County is a fast growing county. From 2009-2010 approximately 30,000 people

moved to Clark County (Kulin, 2010).Based on tourism, gaming, and

entertainmentA fast paced culture Clark County is a melting pot of cultures.

In 2011 21.9% of Clark County’s population was born in a different country. (US Census Bureau, 2013)

Sociocultural Factors

Page 12: Homeless Families

SocioculturalFeelings of

oppressionExtra vigilantDepressedFrustration Low self-esteemA desire to belong Stress

Page 13: Homeless Families

Beliefs

Duty

Faith

Hope

Page 16: Homeless Families

Patterns of instability Financial Housing Employment Food

Diminished family integrity Broken homes Isolation Limited social support

Decreased opportunities Cycle of poverty Social capital Limited access to healthcare( Schultz-Krohn, 2004)

Social Justice

Page 17: Homeless Families

Oppressed & MarginalizedExtrinsic FactorsNegative societal

viewsSupports are

inadequateBreakdown of family

unitShelter

EnvironmentsExposure to violenceLoss of privacyLoss of freedomLoss of agency

Intrinsic FactorsPoor physical healthLack of skills Lack of educationDepressionAnxietyHopelessnessAlcohol AbuseDrug Abuse

Page 18: Homeless Families

High rates of family separationShelters may not allow fathersStress pulls families apartChildren sent to stay with relatives

Correlation between foster care placement and homelessness12% of children of homeless families are placed

in foster care (compared to 1% of other children).

Most homeless families consist of a mother with two children.

Homeless Families:Creating a cycle of oppression

The National Center on Family Homelessness, 2011.

Page 19: Homeless Families

Role performance is impactedDifficult to

Nurture Providing Protect

Meaningful occupations are impacted or eliminatedWork Meal preparationKeeping a homeEngaging in play-time/family timeSchool occupations Leisure

Occupational Deprivation

Page 20: Homeless Families

Difficult to access health careMost must got to an emergency room to receive

healthcareIncreased rates of chronic health problems among

mothersFour times rate of ulcers than other womenTen times the rate of anemia than other women

Children have increased rate of illness & poor healthInfections (ear & respiratory)Twice as likely to have AsthmaPoor nutrition leading to obesityTwice as likely to go hungry.

Physical Health

The National Center on Family Homelessness, 2011.

Page 21: Homeless Families

Mothers92% have been victims of violence.Three times the rate of posttraumatic stress disorderTwice the rate of drug and alcohol abuseNearly half of suffer from major depression

Children 63% are exposed to violenceTwice the rate of emotional disturbances Severe aggression and hostility seen in 16% of

preschoolers and 36% of school-age children.Nearly 50% suffer from anxiety, depression and

withdrawal

Mental Health

The National Center on Family Homelessness, 2011.

Page 22: Homeless Families

Low education among homeless parents53% of mothers didn’t finish High School

Children who are homeless experience educational disruptionLow math & reading proficiency rates Twice the rate of learning disabilitiesIncreased risk for delayed developmentIncreased risk for suspension, being expelled,

or dropping out of school.

Education

The National Center on Family Homelessness, 2011.

Page 23: Homeless Families

Empower and advocate: Help reduce barriers and instill needed skills

Interventions:EmploymentEducation prospectsMoney managementCoping skillsLeisure activities

(Thomas, Gray, McGinty, 2011)

Role of Occupational Therapy

Page 24: Homeless Families

Anderson, B. (2012, July). Economic summary. Retrieved f rom http://www.nevadaworkforce.com/admin/uploadedPublications/2807_Current_EIB.pdf

Carlson, S. (n.d.). A history of homelessness in America [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from www.pitt.edu/~super7/47011-48001/47461.ppt

HCH Clinician's Network. (2000, February). Protecting the mental health of homeless children & youth. Healing Hands, 4(1), 1-4. Retrieved from http://www.nhchc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/hh.02_00.pdfHolgersson-Shorter, H. (2010). Helping the homeless in school and out. Teaching Tolerance,38, 47-50.Kozol, J. (1988). Rachel and her children: Homeless families in America. New York, NY: Fawcett Columbine.Kulin, D. (2011). Clark county population grows slightly. Retrieved from

http://www.clarkcountynv.gov/news/pages/ClarkCountyPopulationGrowsSlightly.aspxNational Policy and Advocacy Council on Homelessness (2011). America History of Homelessness. Retrieved from http://www.npach.org/american-history-of-homelessness.htmlNevada Legal Services. (2013). Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). Retrieved from http://www.nlslaw.net/tanf.htmlPark, J. M., Fertig, A. R., & Metraux, S. (2011).Changes in maternal health and health behaviors as a function of homelessness. Social Service Review, 85(4), 565-585.

References

Page 25: Homeless Families

References Powers-Costell, E. & Swick, K. J. (2008). Exploring the dynamics of teacher perceptions of homeless children and families during the early years. Early Childhood Education Journal, 36, 241-245. doi: 10.1007/s10643-008-0249-0Schultz-Krohn, W. (2004). The meaning of family routines in a homeless shelter. The

American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58(5), 531-541.Southern Nevada Regional Planning Coalition & Applied Research (2011). 2011 Southern Nevada homeless census & survey comprehensive report. Retrieved from

http://www.helphopehome.org/2011_Southern_Nevada_Homeless_Report_FINALv2.pdfThe National Center on Family Homelessness (2011). The characteristics and needs of families experiencing homelessness. Retrieved from http://www.familyhomelessness.org/families.php?p=tsThomas, Y., Gray, M., & McGinty, S. (2011). A systematic review of occupational therapy

interventions with homeless people. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 25(1), 38-53.US Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2012, February). The recession of 2007-2009. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2012/recession/pdf/recession_bls_spotlight.pdfUS Census Bureau. (2013). Quick facts. Retrieved from

http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/32/32003.html

Page 26: Homeless Families

Anderson, B. (2012, July). Economic summary. Retrieved f rom http://www.nevadaworkforce.com/admin/uploadedPublications/2807_Current_EIB.pdf

Applied Survey Research. (2011). Southern nevada homeless census and survey comprehensivereport. Retrieved from http://www.appliedsurveyresearch.org/projects_database/homelessness/southern-nevada-homeless-census-survey.html

Kulin, D. (2011). Clark county population grows slightly. Retrieved from http://www.clarkcountynv.gov/news/pages/ClarkCountyPopulationGrowsSlightly.aspx

Nevada Legal Services. (2013). Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). Retrieved from http://www.nlslaw.net/tanf.html

US Burearu of Labor Statistics. (2012, February). The recession of 2007-2009. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2012/recession/pdf/recession_bls_spotlight.pdfUS Census Bureau. (2013). Quick facts. Retrieved from

http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/32/32003.html

References