Introduction to Higher Level Thinking

Marzano’s New TaxonomyMarzano's New Taxonomy is made up of three systems and the Knowledge Domain, all of which are important for thinking and learning.

• Self-System: When faced with the option of starting a new task, decides whether to continue the current behavior or engage in the new activity

• Metacognitive System: sets goals and keeps track of how well they are being achieved

• Cognitive System: processes all the necessary information

• Knowledge Domain: provides the content.

Marzano’s New Taxonomy

Start a new task

1 2

3

SelfSystem

Metacognitive

System

Cognitive System

1

2

3

Continue the behavior or engage in the new activity

Sets goals and keeps tracks

Processes all the information

4

4 The Knowledge Domain provides the content

Marzano’s New Taxonomy

Gallagher and Aschner Taxonomy

Gallagher and Aschner classifies their taxonomy in three categories (Aschner, Gallagher, Perry, & Afsar, 1961).

• Recall: Recall questions are simply questions that causes the student to remember similar to the "remember" stage in the revised Bloom's Taxonomy.

• Convergent :Convergent questions are those that require students to give only one response.

• Divergent. Divergent questions are those that require more than one response.

Gallagher and Aschner Taxonomy

Recall

DivergentConvergent

Gallagher and Aschner Taxonomy

Level ILow Order ConvergentStudents engage in reproductive thinking

Level IIHigh Order ConvergentStudents engage in the initial levels of productive thinking

Level IIILow Order DivergentStudents think critically about information

Level IVHigh Order DivergentStudents perform original thinking

Walsh and Sattes Taxonomy

Walsh and Sattes' Taxonomy is based on research focusing classroom questioning. Their questioning taxonomy is based on three-level systems: • Recall Level: level corresponds to the revised Bloom's

Taxonomy cognitive level remember.

• Use Level: mainly states to use or do something with what you learned.

• Create Level: means to use their imagination on what was learned.

Walsh and Sattes Taxonomy

Recall

Use Create

Classroom Questioning

Walsh and Sattes Taxonomy

3rd

Create

Evaluate, Check, Coordinate, Detect, Monitor, Test, Critique, Judge, Generate, Plan, Produce, Hypothesize, Design, Construct

2nd

Use

Understand, Interpret, Exemplify, Classify, Summarize, Infer, Compare, Explain, Apply, Execute, Implement, Analyze, Differentiate, Organize, Attribute

1st

RecallRemember, Recognize, Identify, Retrieve