history-short video games apresentação

8/11/2019 History-Short Video Games Apresentao

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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi

A Short History of VideogamesVideogame Design and Programming


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Videogame Industry Today

Entertainment Software Association!

http://www.theesa.com!

http://www.theesa.com/facts/pdfs/ESA_EF_2011.pdf

Newzoohttp://www.newzoo.com/ENG/1591-2011_Revenue_Report.html

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Videogame Industry Today!

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Videogame Industry Today!

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Europe

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Books

The Rough Guide to Videogames by Kate Berens,Geoff Howard (Sep 8, 2008)

Vintage Games: An Insider Look at the History ofGrand Theft Auto, Super Mario, and the Most

Influential Games of All Time by Bill Loguidice

and Matt Barton (Mar 4, 2009)

The Ultimate History of Video Games: FromPong to PokemonThe Story Behind the Craze

That Touched Our Lives and Changed the World

by Steven L. Kent (Oct 2, 2001)

Replay: The History of Video Games by TristanDonovan (Apr 20, 2010)

Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an

Empire and Transformed Pop Culture David

Kushner (Amazon)

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Movies

Get Lamp!

King of Kong

Chasing Ghosts

High Score

Once Upon Atari

Intellivision Lives

Rise of the Video Games Video Game Revolution

Video Game Invasion The History Of A Global Obsession

History Of Video Games

Video Games The Story of Computer Games

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When Everything Started?How did we arrived here?



1958

Brookhaven National Lab physicist WillyHiginbotham invents interactive table-tennis-like game on an oscilloscope to

keep visitors from getting bored.

Believing that he hasn't invented anything,

Higinbotham doesn't patent the device.

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW-WAuhEn5E

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PG2mdU_i8k



1961

Spacewar. MIT student Steve Russell createsSpacewar, the first interactive computer game,on a Digital PDP-1

Spacewar used new teletype terminals withCRT screens to display the graphics. Program

is 9K bytes.

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http://youtube.com/watch?v=g56ptrkY3E0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bzWnaH-0sg



1971 The first coin-operated game

Galaxy Game, a clone of Spacewar!, atStanford University. The first coin-operatedgame, based on a PDP-11/20 (DEC).

Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney complete

Computer Space, a clone of Spacewar!

Nutting Associates, a coin-op manufacturer,

releases the first arcade video game

(Computer Space) but public finds it toodifficult to play.

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1969-1972 The first Console

The first prototypal was built by Ralph Baer in 1969 and thensold to Magnavox

In 1972 Magnavox place on the market the first console of thehistory, Magnavox Odissey

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Magnavox Odyssey

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bzWnaH-0sg


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Atari Pong

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X53eJ8AWQ9Y



1976



1976

Fairchild Camera & Instrument releases its Video

Entertainment System (later renamed Channel

F), the first programmable home game console.

Cartridges are born.

Exidy Games releases Death Race 2000, a drivinggame based on a 1975 movie of the same name.

Public outcry against video game violence gains

national attention, and the game is taken off the

market.

Breakout, Atari Inc., 1976. Designed by Atari's40th employee Steve Jobs, aided by videogame

enthusiast Steve Wozniak. The two later wenton to found Apple Computer, using parts

"borrowed" from Atari to build their first

prototype.


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Fairchild Channel F

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KisYfjDJVqE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AORfkwIYKP8


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Dead Race

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLI6AQUMElo

1978 The Golden Age


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1978 The Golden Age

Atari releases the arcade game Football.The game features a revolutionary newcontroller called the trackball.

Midway imports Space Invaders fromTaito. Space Invaders gives you a goal bydisplaying the current high score for you tobeat.

Atari begins selling its line of 400 and 800computers to compete against Apple. Thepublic, however, associates Atari withgames, and the computers are never takenseriously.


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Space Invaders

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QObneYZIdKI

1979 L L d & A id


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1979 Lunar Lander & Asteroid

Atari releases Lunar Lander, its firstvector graphics game.

Despite Lunar Lander's popularity,Atari halts production of the gameand begins releasing Asteroids in

the Lunar Lander cabinets.

Asteroids introduces a new featureto arcades: High scorers can entertheir three-character initials at the

end of the game.


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Lunar Lander

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IA00gtKia5s

Asteroid

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZfsnA7dAHI

1980


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1980

Several VCS programmers leave Atari in a dispute over game creditsand form Activision, the first "third -party developer" and now a rivalVCS software house.

While Atari doesn't give individual programmers credit for theirwork, Activision recognizes individual game developers by including

their names on the game packaging and in the marketing efforts.

Atari coin-op designer Ed Rottberg creates Battlezone, the first

three-dimensional first-person game. The US government latercommissions an enhanced version of Battlezone for military training

purposes.

Namco releases Pac-Man, the most popular arcade game of all time.Originally named Puck Man, the game is renamed after executivessee the potential for vandals Pac-Man becomes the first video game

to be popular with both males and females.


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Pac-Man

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiJ0PkU8t3c

1980


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1980

Williams, a Chicago-based manufacturerof pinball machines, releases Defender,

its first video game.

Designed by Eugene Jarvis, Defenderis a side-scrolling shooter that features

the industry's first virtual world.

Because the monitor can only display a portion of the action, a"radar" at the top of the screen shows the overall picture of

events that are occurring outside the boundaries of the screen.

Defender becomes an immediate hit.


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Defender

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pgh8pf5xzA

1981


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1981

Nintendo artist Shigeru Miyamoto createsDonkey Kong. The hero, originally calledJumpman, is a squat carpenter racing to save

his girlfriend Pauline from a crazed monkey.

Jumpman is later named Mario by Nintendoof America's staff, in honor of his

resemblance to their landlord Mario Segali.

Atari releases Tempest, a color-vector arcadegame based on still-unstable graphicstechnology that is prone to early failure. Themachine attracts crowds of devoted players.

A man dies of a heart attack while playingBerserk - video gaming's only known fatality.


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Donkey Kong

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhFV5-qbbIw

Tempest

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QjFPoGNvGI


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9fO-YuWPSk


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDn8oTannUU


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_f68Ho-0dQ


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TRON

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jp2gGqgn3Fw

1983


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1983

Cinematronics releases Rick Dyer's Dragon's Lair(animated by Don Bluth), the first arcade game to

feature laser-disc technology.

Commodore releases the Commodore 64, aninexpensive but powerful computer that

outperforms any video game console.

With too many products on the shelves from amultitude of publishers, many third-party

companies go out of business. The games fromthese companies are then discounted heavily.

Companies that are still in business cannot

compete against the cheap games, so they wind

up losing money because of unsold inventory.


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Dragons Lair

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uvk8E9RwT5g

1985


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Nintendo test-markets its NintendoEntertainment System (NES) in NewYork. Retailers are so skeptical aboutvideo games that Nintendo has toagree to buy back all unpurchasedinventory. Armed with a large numberof Nintendo-developed original titlesand arcade games, the NES is a hit in alimited market release.

Russian programmer Alex Pajitnovdesigns Tetris, a simple but addictingpuzzle game that can be played onPCs.


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1991


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1991

Nintendo releases the Super Famicom in America

and calls the $249 console the Super NES (SNES).Journalists begin to wonder aloud whether Mario

will be enough to convince NES-dedicated parents

to make the investment in a new machine.

Sega unveils Sonic the Hedgehog, which it hopes is aforce that will one day conquer the NES and SNES.

Charmed by the character, critics are quick to

support it but call the choice between Mario and

Sonic a toss-up. Most pick Super Mario World as

the better of the two.

Time Traveler, Sega, 1991. Time Traveler was thefirst of two "Hologram" games that Sega produced.

1993


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Incensed by the violence inMortal Kombat and Night

Trap, Senators Joseph

Lieberman (Connecticut) and

Herbert Kohl (Wisconsin)

launch a Senate "investigation"into video game violence,

threaten to somehow effect a

ban on "violent" games, and

eventually soften theirdemands and concede to anindustry-wide rating system.

1994


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The Sega Saturn and SonyPlayStation are launched in

Japan. By year's end, critics are

pointing to the PlayStation as

the superior machine.

1994


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1994

The Entertainment SoftwareRating Board (ESRB) isestablished to rate video

games.

Large letter icons appear ongame boxes to letconsumers know the

recommended age of

players for each game andwhether the game is violent

or risqu.


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Mortal Kombat

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bG3sjYA94G4

1996


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1996

The N64 is released in United States. More than 1.7 millionunits are sold in three months, and once-doubtful third-partydevelopers rush to embrace the cartridge medium they hadpreviously questioned, if only to cash in on the immense mediapopularity of the new machine.

Sony sales are said to top $12 million per day through theChristmas shopping season, and the PlayStation holds on to itsworldwide place as the number-one next-generation gameconsole. The video game industry has a highly profitable year,and software prices on 32-bit games begin to show exceptionalvolatility.

1997


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997

The PlayStation Is the Most Popular Gaming Console Sony releases figuresin April that prove the PlayStation is the most popular gaming system in the

world. The figures show that 5 million units have been sold in Japan, 4

million in the United States, and 2.2 million in Europe. These numbers

nearly double four months later, when the 20 millionth unit is sold. Analysts

believe the PlayStation's popularity will carry it through 1998.

In November 1996, Bandai released the Tamagotchi in Japan. Quicklybecame a national obsession in Japan, selling for hundreds of dollars, well

above its original $16 price tag.

October 4, 1997, Gumpei Yokoi, the inventor of the Game Boy, wasinvolved in a car accident. When the 56-year-old Yokoi stepped out of his

car to inspect the damage, he was hit by another car and was killed.

Although the Game Boy was Yokoi's most successful product, he was also

responsible for the Virtual Boy, and the cross-key directional pad that

eventually replaced the joystick as the controller of choice.

2000 PS2 Arrives 48


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Sony launches the PlayStation 2 in Japan on March 4.

In two days, the company sells 1 million consoles, a newrecord.

As is the case with all Japanese launches, gamers begin lining upoutside stores two days in advance.

Unfortunately, demand exceeds supply and not everybody getsa console, including those who preordered. Robberies ofPlayStation 2s are reported.

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Xbox 360 - Release Nov 2005

PS3 - Original intended release Spring 2006- delayed to Nov2006

Nintendo Wii - Planned release Nov 2006


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Other Good Historical Links 52


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http://www.ralphbaer.com

http://www.atarihq.com

http://www.atari-history.com

http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/hov/index.html http://www.classicgaming.com http://www.quarterarcade.com

http://www.greatgamedatabase.com

http://www.videotopia.com

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