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HISTORY, PRINCIPLES AND TRENDS OF BIOCLIMATIC ENERGYEFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE , D. Markov (.. ) Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPSUACE), Saint-Petersburg, Russia - - (), -, Abstract This article describes a brief history of bioclimatic energy-efficient architecture, provides illustrations to help identify this trend in world history of architecture and civilization. The factors that determine the principles of bioclimatic buildings are given. The examples of buildings and projects, the most characteristic illustrating the basic principles of bioclimatic architecture are given. Main ways of bioclimatic architecture, as self-direction, and in other areas of modern architecture are describes. About the change of the triads of architectural basics at a new stage of development of modern architecture is told. As part of the architectural change of bases, bioclimatic architecture occupies a special place, because its main purpose is to be a certain part of not only global architectural space, but also biological in general. In the whole, it can be said that in this context, bioclimatic energy-efficient architecture is capable of becoming dominant direction, indicating the development of architecture for many years. , , . , . , . , , . . , , .. , . , , . Keywords: architecture, history, bioclimatic architecture, green buildings, energy-efficient buildings, energy conversation : , , , , , , , , .

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5 , [8]. 26- EDITT Tower - Ecological Design in the Tropics (. 3). Waterloo Middle Road. T.R.Hamzah & Yeang International.

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. 6. . . , . : ( ) . , - . , . XX , , , . , XX . , . , , , . . , , . . , , , , . , , - , . 24 , 6- - 4- , , . , , "" ( 50%) . . 2006 (. 7). , 30

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. 9. - : , , , , . . , , , , . , . , - (eco-city Masdar) Abu D'abi Future Energy Company, (. 10). , AS-GG (Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture), .. 2 , , . - : ; , ; 95% 5% ; , ; , , [11].

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. 10. Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture (AG-GS). MASDAR Headquarters. -, ( ) . , , , . , , , . , . , , . , , , .. [12], The Scotts Tower UNStudio [13] [14]. Conclusions Years of experience designing and building bioclimatic energy-efficient buildings has shown that architecture can serve as an important component of environmental restoration in which the reduction in consumption of biological resources is through the use of human material. It can be argued that at a new stage of development of architecture classical triad of architectural basics "solid, useful, beautiful (firmitas, utilitas, venustas)" is changed by a new one - "ecology, energyefficiency, economy", besides the most important factor is the socio-cultural impact of architecture. Under the new core started bioclimatic architecture occupies a special place due to the fact that its goal is to be a certain part of not only global architectural space, but also

14 biological in general. That is why we can say that this direction of architecture has the potential to become dominant and determine the development of world architecture for many decades. , , , . , -- --, - . , , , . , , . 1. James Wines . Green architecture / . Philip Jodidio Berlin : Taschen, 2000. 2. . : . . 2006. .: .. 3. . . / . . . . ( ). ., , 2003. 320 . 4. : 30 . - .: " ", 1969-1978. 5. .. . . .: -, 2002. 6. Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future [. ]. : http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm 7. XXI . , --, 3-4 1992 . / A/CONF.151/26/REV.1(VOL.I) + Corr.1. 8. Ivor Richards. T.R. Hamzah & Yeang: ecology of the sky (The Millennium Series). Images, Australia, 2001. 247 . ISBN 1864700955, 9781864700954. 9. .. , . // : . , 17-18 2011 . .: , 2011. 10. Sue Roaf, Manuel Fuentes, Stephanie Thomas. Ecohouse: a design guide (third edition) / UK, England: Architectural Press. Oxford, Elsevier, 2007. 480 . ISBN 978-0-7506-6903-0. 11. . [. ]. : http://ecorussia.info/ru/ecopedia/ustoychivaya_arhitektura_kompleksnye_podhody

15 12. The Ark / Remistudio | ArchDaily [. http://www.archdaily.com/103324/the-ark-remistudio/ 13. The Scotts Tower UNStudio [. http://www.unstudio.com/projects/the-scotts-tower 14. Emilio Ambasz & Associates, Inc. http://www.emilioambaszandassociates.com/ References 1. James Wines. Green architecture. Berlin: Taschen, 2000. 2. Dennis Holloway. Passive solar house: simple design method. Methods of designing passive solar houses heating systems, based on the principles of direct and indirect heating. USA: 2006. 3. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio. On Architecture [Ob architekture]. Moscow: Editorial URSS, 2003. History of architectural ideas Ser. 4. Big Soviet Encyclopedia. [Bolshaya Sovetskaya Enciclopediya]. Encyclopedia press, 1969-1978. Moscow: Soviet [. ]. :

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5. Ikonnikov A.V. Architecture of 20 century: utopias and reality. [Arhitektura 20 veka. Utopii i real'nost']. Moscow: Progress-Tradicija, 2001. 6. "Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future A/42/427 Annex - UN Documents: Gathering a Body of Global Agreements." UN Documents: Gathering a Body of Global Agreements. Web. 18 Dec. 2011. . 7. Agenda 21: Programme of Action for Sustainable Development ; Rio Declaration on Environment and Development ; Statement of Forest Principles ; the Final Text of Agreements Negotiated by Governments at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), 3 - 14 June 1992, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Geneva: Department of Public Information, United Nations, 1999. Print. 8. Ivor Richards. T.R. Hamzah & Yeang: Ecology of the Sky. Australia: Images, 2001. The Millennium Ser. 9. Usov Yaroslav. "Factors Influencing the Formation of Architectural Decisions for Bioclimatic Residential Buildings." Sustainable Architecture: Present and Future. Abstracts of the International Symposium (17.11-18.11.2011): 130-131. Print. 10. Sue Roaf, Manuel Fuentes, Stephanie Thomas. Ecohouse: a design guide (third edition). UK, England: Architectural Press, Oxford, Elsevier, 2007. 11. . . Web. 18 Dec. 2011. . 12. "The Ark / Remistudio | ArchDaily." ArchDaily | Broadcasting Architecture Worldwide. Web. 18 Dec. 2011. . 13. "The Scotts Tower UNStudio." UNStudio Amsterdam / Shanghai / Hong Kong. Web. 18 Dec. 2011. .

16 14. Emilio Ambasz and Associates, . Inc. Web. 18 Dec. 2011.

.. , , , -, e-mail: denis.markov.arch@gmail.com DATA ABOUT THE AUTHOR D. Markov Post-graduate student, hair Restoration and Reconstruction of an Architectural Heritage, Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPSUACE), Saint-Petersburg, Russia e-mail: denis.markov.arch@gmail.com