history of democratic ideals

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BELL WORK Take out a piece of paper. Write a few sentences about where you think the idea of Democracy came from

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A history of major events leading to the current democratic state of the world

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Page 1: History of democratic ideals

BELL WORK

Take out a piece of paper.

Write a few sentences about where you think the idea of Democracy came from

Page 2: History of democratic ideals

The Rise of DemocraticIdeas

600 B.C.E – 1945 C.E

Page 3: History of democratic ideals

Create a Timeline

• What is a TIMELINE?• Why are Timelines useful to social

scientists and historic scholars?• You will fill in a box with the date and

basic information for every major event that contributed to the evolution of Democratic ideas.

Page 4: History of democratic ideals
Page 5: History of democratic ideals

Roots of the word IDIOT

• Declining to take part in public life, such as democratic government of the polis (city state), was considered dishonorable. "Idiots" were seen as having bad judgment in public and political matters.

• Therefore, an idiot is someone who does not involve themselves with knowledge of politics

Page 6: History of democratic ideals

Timeline #1

• Add “Greeks Invent Democracy – 600 BCE” in 1st box on timeline.

• Leave room to write any important notes

• Write in your words any important points from the following slides.

Page 7: History of democratic ideals

GREEK INFLUENCE

594 B.C.E.Solon begins reform of Greek laws by allowing all free male to attend

the assembly.

508 B.C.E.Cleisthenes begins

reorganizing the assembly to limit

power to the nobles.

461 B.C.E.The Golden Age-

Pericles begins the introduction of direct

democracy in Athenes.

Page 8: History of democratic ideals

SOLON’ REFORMS

• Solon is known as one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece.

• He created a series of political reforms that increased the participation of the greeks in the government. • Even though his intentions were just, his reforms did not please either the wealthy nor the poor.

Page 9: History of democratic ideals

CLEISTHENES• He helped the rise of democracy by reorganizing the assembly, wanting to break the power of nobility.• Increased power of the assembly by allowing all citizens to submit laws and debate for passage.

Page 10: History of democratic ideals

COMPARISONS BETWEEN ATHENES AND SPARTA

GOVERNMENT

ATHENES- The political system was a

democracyAthenes was the intellectual

center of GreeceThe ecclesia ws the principal assembly of the democracy of

Ancient Athenes

SAME- No political right to

women, slaves and foreigners

Only male citizens over the age of 18 could vote

SPARTA-Treated from young age to

be a soldierNot a full democracy:

O. Two kings O. 5 Ephos O. Council (28

elders) O. Assembly (all

males)

Military Center Women were regarded as

objects

Page 11: History of democratic ideals

SEARCHING THE TRUTH- GREEK PHILOSEPHERS

• Philospheres mean “lovers of wisdom.”• Based their philosophy on:the universe (land, sky, sea) is put together in an

orderly way and is subject to absolute and unchanging laws

people can understand the laws of logic and reason

I think that the Greeks’ respect for human reason is one of the key points that helped the ideas of democracy to rise.

Page 12: History of democratic ideals

GREECE CONTRIBUTION

S TO DEMOCRACY

NATURAL LAWS-

Predictable patterns

discovered with the use

of reason and

intelligence=logicReform of

law that allows all free adult

male citizens to attend the assembly and be part of a democracy

DIRECT DEMOCRACY-

form of government

in which citizens rule directly and not through

representatives

Page 13: History of democratic ideals

Timeline #2

• Add “Roman Influence – 500 BCE” in next box to right.

• Leave room to write any important notes

• Write in your words any important points from the following slides.

Page 14: History of democratic ideals

ROMAN INFLUENCE

509 B.C.E.

Romans establis

h the first

republic (representa-tive government)

451 B.C.E.The

Roman Law is

collected and

written on the Twelve Tables

27 B.C.E.The

Roman Republi

c is replaced by the Roman Empire

528 C.E.Empero

r Justinia

n authoriz

es a panel to collect all legal codes. It

is complet

ed533 C.E.

Page 15: History of democratic ideals

ROME BECOMES A REPUBLIC

• In 509 B.C.E. a new governmnet was set up, called a rupublic. A republic is a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the righ to elect the leaders that will make up the government.

• In contrast to the direct democracy in Greece, this was indirect

Page 16: History of democratic ideals

ROMAN LAW• The romans tried to create a set of laws that

would be applied universally throughout the Roman Empire.

• The most important were:All citizens have the right to equal treatment

under the lawA person was considered innocent until

proven guilty

Page 17: History of democratic ideals

WHICH CHARACTERISTIC OF THE GOVERNMENT UNDER THE ROMAN REPUBLIC HAD THE GREATES IMPACT ON

THE DEMOCRATIC TRADITION?

• One of the characteristics of the government under the Roman Republic that had a great impact on the democratic tradition is the idea that an individual is a citizen in a state rather than a subject of a ruler and so that he /she has the right to vote and be part of the democratic say. Another great characteristic that helped the rise of democratic ideas and gave the world the idea of a republic is the written legal code and the idea that this code should be applied equally and impartially to all citizerns.

Page 18: History of democratic ideals

Timeline #4

• Add “Printing Press Invented – 1455 CE” in 4th square (skip a square!!!)

• Leave room to write any important notes

• Write in your words why it is important from the following slides.

Page 19: History of democratic ideals

RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION

1300Renaissance

thinkers begin to

teach the importance

of the individual and the value of worldy

pursuits. Called

“Humanism”

1455Johannes

Guttenberg invents the

priniting press, which

helps the spreading of new ideas.

1521Martin Luther

starts the Reformation

, which challenges authority

and emphasizes individual

responsibility for making

choices.

Page 20: History of democratic ideals

THE PRINTING PRESS

• The first European printing press with movable type was invented in 1455 by Johannes Gutenberg in Germany. This new invention

made it possible to print books quicky and cheaply. This helped the growth of the Renaissance and the Reformation because people could read each other’s works soon after it was written.

Page 21: History of democratic ideals

DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENTS IN ENGLAND

1215King John signs the

Magna Carta

to guarant

ee certain basic

political rights.

1295The

Model Parliament, a more

represent-ative legislat

ure, begins

to meet.

1628King

Charles I signs

the Petition

Of Right, which states that the

monarch must obey the law.

1679Parliam

ent passes “habea

s corpus”

, a protecti

on against unjust

imprison-

ment.

1689Parliam

ent enacts the Bill

of Rights, which

further limits royal

power.

Page 22: History of democratic ideals

Timeline #3

• Add “Magna Carta – 1215 CE” in 3rd square you skipped.

• Leave room to write any important notes

• Write in your words any important points from the following slides.

Page 23: History of democratic ideals

MAGNA CARTA • The Magna Carta is a list of demends presented to King John by angry nobles that rebelled in 1215, presenting certain traditional political rights.• It is celebrated as the source of traditional English respect for individual rights and liberites and was basically a contract between king and the nobles of England. • The Magna carta had 63 clauses. Two clauses established legal rights for individuals. One was Clause 12, declaring that the king could not demand taxes but rather

has to ask for popular consent. Clause 39 instead delcelared that a person had the right to a jury trail and to the protection of the law.

Page 24: History of democratic ideals

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES TO THE AGREEING OF THE MAGNA CARTA

ADVANTAGES

No civil war/revolt

More money for the king on a long term

Commoners and nobles will pay taxes

The people are happier

Makes the king look reasonable

DISADVANTAGES

Less power to the king

Lower money income at the start

No persecution of people arbitrarily

Makes him look weak

King John

Page 25: History of democratic ideals

Timeline #5

• Add “THE PETITION OF RIGHTS – 1628 CE” to your timeline in next open box.

• Leave room to write any important notes

• Write in your words any important points from the following slides.

Page 26: History of democratic ideals

THE PETITION OF RIGHTS

• Parliament tried to limit royal power in 1628 and since King Charles I needed funds from the Parliament, he was forced to accept the Petition of Rights, which went against absolute monarchy. It demanded and end to:

taxing without the Parliament’s consentimprosoning citizens without a resonable reasonhaving a military government during peacetime

Page 27: History of democratic ideals

HABEAS CORPUS

• Parliament continued to restrict monarch’s power. In 1679 the Habeas Corpus Amendment Act was passed, which is a Latin term that refers to the right of a citizen to be seen by a judge as a protection against illegal imprisonment. It is used in the Parliament to prevent authorities from detaining a person unjustly or unfairly.

Page 28: History of democratic ideals

Timeline #6

• Add “ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS – 1689 CE” to your timeline in next open box.

• Leave room to write any important notes

• Write in your words any important points from the following slides.

Page 29: History of democratic ideals

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION AND BILL OF RIGHTS

• King James II became king but the english Parliament withdrew their support from James and offered the throne to his protestant daughter and his husbad, Mary and William. James fled to France and Mary and William became co-rulers. This is now known as the Glorious Revolution and from then on, England became a constitutional monarchy, where the powers of the ruler are restriced by laws and the constitution of the country. That same year, William and Mary accepted the Bills of Rights, a formal summary of the right and liberties considered essential to the people. It limited the power of the monarchs and protected the free speech of the people.

Page 30: History of democratic ideals

IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTMENT

FREEDOM OF SPEECH

•ROUSSEAU

SEPARATION OF

POWERS

•BARON DE MONTESQUIEU

SOCIAL CONTA

CT

•HOBBES

RIGHT TO LIFE,

LIBERTY AND

PROPERTY

•LOCKE

Page 31: History of democratic ideals

“TWO TREATISES ON GOVERNMENT”- JOHN LOCKE

• In 1690, an English philosepher called John Locke published “Two Treatises on Government.” He stated that all human being had, by right of nature, the right to life, libery and property which the Greeks had also based their democracy on, calling them natural rights. He also stated that the power of the government didnt come from the government itself but from its people. “Locke’s ideas about self-government inspired people and became cornerstones of modern democratic thought.”

Page 32: History of democratic ideals

“THE SPIRIT OF LAWS”- BARON DE MONTESQUIEU

Montesquieu, a French philosopher, recognized liberty as a natural right. In his book “The Spirit of laws”, he pointed out that any group of people in charge will always try to gain more power and so he searched, like the Greek philosephers, for a way to keep the government under control. He arrived to the conclusion that separation of powers was

the best way to safeguard liberty, so he divided the government into three seperate branches: legisalture (make laws) executive (to enforce the laws) judicial (courts to interpret the laws)

Page 33: History of democratic ideals

DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTIONS

1776The

American

colonies declare independen-ce from

Britain – The

Declaration of

Independence

1787The U.S. Constitut

ion creates a democra

tic, republic

an goverment based on the

ideas of Locke and

Montesquieuis

written.

1789The

French National Assembly issues

the Declarati

on of the

Rights of Man,

stating that all persons

are equal.

1945After

WWII, the

United Nations

is establish

ed.

Page 34: History of democratic ideals

Timeline #7

• Add “Declaration of Independence – 1776 CE” to your timeline in next open box.

• Leave room to write any important notes

• Write in your words any important points from the following slides.

Page 35: History of democratic ideals

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION• After winning the French and Indian War, the British placed a higher number of soldiers on the newly acquired territories and to pay the soldiers, they increased the colonists’ taxes. The colonists protested on the fact that they viewed that as a violation of their British citizenship. Because of the protestes, the British Parliament issued the Stamp Act in 1765. The colonists opposed this measure and all the other acts that came afterword by boycotting. “To protect their economic and political rights they united and began to arm themselves against what they called British oppression.” This opposition became know as the American revolution, while was the fighting of the american colonsits to gain independence. It began with the battle of Lexington and Concord, the night of April 18 and morning of April 19, 1775.

Page 36: History of democratic ideals

• On July 4, 1776 during the Second Continental Congress held in Philadelphia, the Comittee of Five decided that Thomas Jefferson had to write the Decleration of Independence, signed that same day. In it, they wrote a series of set rules based on the enlightment ideas, espescially the ones of Locke and Montesquieu.

The Declaration of Independence

Page 37: History of democratic ideals

Timeline #8

• Add “The US Constitution - 1787 CE” to your timeline in next open box.

• Leave room to write any important notes

• Write in your words any important points from the following slides.

Page 38: History of democratic ideals

The Constitution• In the summer of 1787, a group of American leaders met in

Philadelphia and they worked to find out a way to better the government that they had created at the end of the revolution. There was a great debate over a very basic question: Was it possible to establish a governmetn that is strong and stable but not tyrannical? The answer was yes- if they creayed a system in which power and responsability were shared in a balanced way.

• They decided to set up a representative government in which citizens elected representatives to make laws and polices for them. Then, they created a federal system where the power was divided between the federal government and the states’ government. They also created, based on Montesquieus ideas, three braches: legislative, executive and judicial.

Page 39: History of democratic ideals

Timeline #9

• Add “The United Nations – 1945 CE” to your timeline in next open box.

• Leave room to write any important notes

• Write in your words any important points from the following slides.

Page 40: History of democratic ideals

THE UNITED NATIONS• Ater the end of WWII in 1945, an international organization

denominated the United Nations (UN) was established. The organization’s goal was to work for world peace and the betterment of humanity. The General Assembly, one of the UN’s branches, is shaped like a democracy. In it, nations describe and discuss their problems with the hope of resolving them peacefully. One of the UN’s most important contributions to the worls is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which draws a democratic standard for basic social, political and economic rights. In many places throughout the world now, the document’s ideals still have yet to be fully achieved. “There is no guarantee that democracy can be achieved in any particular time and place. There is also no guarantee that once achieved, democracy will not be lost if the people are not constently watchful.”

Page 41: History of democratic ideals

What Are The Benefits & Drawbacks To A Direct

Democracy During A Crisis?

Page 42: History of democratic ideals

DIRECT DEMOCRACY DURING A CRISIS

BENEFITS DRAWBACKS

Ideas are well though and so actions are pundered and reviwed

Not everyone is admited into voting in the council

A large section of citizens have the opportunity to share their knowledge and opinion

Decisions take more time becasue of opinions and arguments

A larger number of people are satisfied with the decision taken

Voting takes time

You have more time to make the correct choice

People in a democracy may revolt if not satisfied with the government’s idealsI experiences may lead to bad choices