history of ancient greece

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HISTORY OF ANCIENT GREECE Peter Erik Hansen May 2016

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Page 1: History of Ancient Greece

HISTORY OF ANCIENT GREECE

Peter Erik HansenMay 2016

Page 2: History of Ancient Greece

MAJOR PERIODS• 3650 – 1100 BC Early Civilizations• 1100 – 750 BC Greek Dark Ages• 750 – 500 BC Archaic Greece• 500 – 338 BC Classical Greece• 338 – 146 BC Hellenistic Greece

Page 3: History of Ancient Greece

Early Civilizations3650 – 1100 BC

Page 4: History of Ancient Greece

CYCLADIC CIVILIZATION• Cycladic Civilization on Delos, Naxos and

Paros built houses and temples of finished stone.• Marble sculptures are characteristic from

this period.

Ca. 3200-1100 BC

Marble seated harp player2800-2700 BC

Page 5: History of Ancient Greece

MINOAN CIVILIZATION• Minoan Civilization was named

after King Minos, and developed a writing system and became the dominant sea power in the region.• It was possible destroyed by a

volcano eruption at Thera in 1450 BC.

ca. 2000-1450 BC

Knossos Palace, Creteca. 1900 BC

Page 6: History of Ancient Greece

MYCENAEAN GREECE• Mycenaean Civilization originated from

Mycenae in Peloponnese and extended through Crete and the Cycladic Islands.• They build large palace complexes and

art of fresco, pottery and jewellery.

1900-1100 BC

Terracotta chariot kraterca. 1375-1350 BC

Page 7: History of Ancient Greece

Greek Dark Ages1100 – 750 BC

Page 8: History of Ancient Greece

GREEK DARK AGES• The Greek Dark Ages is so named because of the absence of

written documentation.• The collapse of the Mycaneans yielded little cultural progress or

growth.

1100-800 BC

Page 9: History of Ancient Greece

Archaic Greece700 – 500 BC

Page 10: History of Ancient Greece

THE OLYMPIC GAMES• The Olympic Games was one of four major

panhellenic games, and first celebrated in 776 BC in Olympia in honour of the god Zeus.• The sports included running, wrestling,

boxing, pankration, equestrian and pentathlon, and there could only be one winner.• A crown of olive branches was awarded to

the winner, who became the hero of his hometown.

776 BC

Ancient Olympic Games

Olive branch

Page 11: History of Ancient Greece

HOMER• Homer composed two major works, ‘the

Iliad’ and ‘the Odyssey’ about the time of the Trojan War.• His works acts as a great pool of information

for the Greeks about their gods, and has a great influence on Greek culture.

ca. 750 BC

Homer

Page 12: History of Ancient Greece

DEMOCRACY IN ATHENS• Laws by Draco (622/621 BC) was the

first written-down laws in Athens.• Solon (ca. 594 BC) gave a lower

classes a fairer chance, and democracy began to develop.• Cleisthenes (508/507 BC) introduced

isonomia (equal laws) in Athens, and is called the father of democracy.• Democracy in Athens allowed all

male citizens over 20 a voice in government.

622-508 BC

Democracy in Athens

Page 13: History of Ancient Greece

Classical Greece500 – 323 BC

Page 14: History of Ancient Greece

PERSIAN WARS• The Greek colonization of Asia Minor

prompted the Persian Empire to invade Greece, but failed at the ‘Battle of Marathon’ in 490 BC, and finally lost at Plataea in 379 BC.• The wars meant the sacking of the

Athenian Acropolis and Agora.

490-379 BC

Battle of Marathon490 BC

Page 15: History of Ancient Greece

ATHENS• The victory over the Persians gave peace

and prosperity to Athens providing the city to flourish.• Athens was with its powerful navy able

to demand tribute from other city states and formed a defensive alliance, the Delian League (477 BC).• Under Pericles the Athenian Empire

dictated the laws, customs and trade of all neighbours in Attica and the islands of the Aegean.• Great thinkers, writers and artists

flourished the city.

Athens city-state

Pericles

Page 16: History of Ancient Greece

SPARTA• Sparta was famous for its military prowess

with the best most feared fighters in Greece.• Sparta doubted Athenian sincerity and

formed the Peloponnesian League (ca-. 505-365 BC), and preceived Athens as a bully and tyrant, while Athens viewed Sparta with growing distrust.• Rivalry with Athens at the Peloponnesian

Wars (431-404 BC) and Corinth at the Corinthian Wars (396-387 BC).• Sparta joined the Achaean Confederacy

(195 BC) and came under Roman rule.

Sparta city-state

Page 17: History of Ancient Greece

GREEK ARCHITECTURE• The Greeks build Doric and Ionic temples

like the Parthenon in Athens (447-432 BC) and the Temple of Zeus at Olympia (472-456 BC). • The temples housed statues of Greek gods

and was symbolic buildings to be admired from far afar.• The Greek theatre was used for

presentation of plays and hosted poetry recitals and musical competitions.• Famous stadiums were built at Olympia

and Nemea holding up to 45,000 spectators.

Page 18: History of Ancient Greece

GREEK THINKERS• Socrates (469-399 BC) is considered the father of

western philosophy. Known for creating the ‘Socratic method’, which is based on asking questions to stimulate critical thinking.

• Plato (428-348 BC) was a student of Socrates, and founder of the ‘Academy of Athens’, traditionally considered as the first university of the western world.

• Aristotle (384-322 BC) pioneered systematic, scientific examination in many areas including biology, politics, metaphysics, litterature, botany and etnics.

Page 19: History of Ancient Greece

PELOPONNESIAN WARS• Athens and Sparta and their respective

allies were the two major powers in Greece.• Athens encourage an arrogance that was

intolerable to its neighbours provoking the Peloponnesian Wars between Athens and Sparta (460-446 BC and 431-404 BC). • Athens was defeated by Sparta, and its

empire and wealth was gone, but Sparta was dragged into conflicts against Thebes at the Corinthian Wars (396-387 BC) and ended bankrupt.

434-404 BC

Peloponnesian War

Page 20: History of Ancient Greece

Hellenistic Greece338 – 146 BC

Page 21: History of Ancient Greece

ALEXANDER THE GREAT• The fall of Athens and Sparta was filled by Philip

II of Macedon who beats the Athenian forces at the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), and Athens came under Macedonian rule.• His son Alexander took over after his death (336

BC), and as Alexander the Great he conquered Persia, Egypt, Asia Minor and India (336-323 BC) and spread the ideals of Greek civilization through his conquests.

338-323 BC

Alexander the Great

Page 22: History of Ancient Greece

ROMANS CONQUER GREECE• After the death of Alexander the Great

his empire was divided between four of his generals.• The Roman Republic became interested

in Greece, and defeated Macedon at the Battle of Pydna (168 BC).• Greece became a Protectorate of Rome

(146 BC), and part of the Roman Empire.

168-146 BC

Roman Empire