history hl paper 3 china

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China 1900-76

Questions on Chapter 3 – Pages 31 - 47

1. What role did Mao play in the 1911 Revolution?

During the 1911 Revolution, Mao was 18 years old and wrote a poster supporting the

revolt and cut off his pigtail. Mao decided to join the revolutionary ary and there

was tal! of his unit arching north in support of "un #at$sen against #uan "hi!ai.

When "un #at$sen conceded the presidency to #uan "hi!ai, revolutionary forces were

deolished and Mao retired to his life as a student.

%. Descri&e the 'ew #outh Moveent.

(he 'ew #outh journal was founded &y )hen Du*iu in 191+ in "hanghai. t adopted

vernacular )hinese -&aihua, not the classical scholarly language. n adopting &aihua,

the 'ew #outh was stri!ing a &low against the past. Mao pu&lished an essay in the

journal in 191/, challenging esta&lished )hinese ha&its and his countryen0s

preference for torpor over e*ertion. #oung )hinese students who thought a&out

uropean ideas rather than old, )onfucian ideas contri&uted to this journal. (he 'ew

#outh cae to e&ody the hopes of transforing )hinese society and culture.

2. Did the May 3th oveent change )hinese society?

#es, the May 3th oveent was a significant event in )hinese history. t was an

intellectual revolution, as it introduced any radical ideas on science and politics.)ollectively, the goal of scholars and students was to rid )hinese culture of eleents

which they &elieved had led to )hina0s stagnation, and to create new values for a new,

odern )hina. (he May 4ourth Moveent ar!ed a shift fro tradition to odernity

4urtherore, the May 4ourth Moveent paved the road for )ounis, as it

esta&lished radical intellectuals who went on to o&ili5e peasants and wor!ers into

the )ounist party and gained the organi5ational strength that would solidify the

success of the )ounist Revolution.

3. What !ey factors influenced the early years of the 6MD7M(?

(he M( had (hree :rinciples of the :eople0; nationalis, socialis, and

deocracy. (he May 3 th oveent played into their principle of nationalis

and deocracy and influenced the early years of the M(.


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+. What pro&les were created &y the warlord syste?

:easants suffered as a result of the warlord syste, as they had to pay increased

ta*es and were treated &adly &y warlords and their private aries. Many peasants

were forced to grow opiu poppies, so food production declined and there were

faines in soe areas. astly, the warlord syste caused )hina to no

longer &e a united country, and there was no real central governent to !eep law

and order.

. @ow influential was Russia in the foration of the )):?

Russia seeed an o&vious odel and ally to those )hinese wishing to transfor

)hina. )hen Du*ui, leading light in the May 3th oveent, was increasingly

interested in Mar*is. "all Mar*ist study groups were founded in "hanghai and

Aeijing. (he groups were sall, &ut )ointern agents changed this.

6regory Boitins!i first ade contact with )hen Du*ui. (he following year, a new

)ointern agent, @endricus "neevliet, arrived in "hanghai and organi5ed the

founding congress of the party. "neevliet opened the conference and pushed the

official line of developing lin!s with the proletariat. )ointern provided C"+EEE per

annu to !eep the party alive.

/. What were the pros and cons of the Cnited 4ront?:ros; (he M( and )): joined to for the 'ational Revolution


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9. What was the 'orthern *pedition?

(he 'orthern *pedition was an attept &y the newly fored 'ationalist

history hl paper 3 china

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