history and theory of planning: course syllabus and theory of planning: course syllabus p11 ......

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1 New York University Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service Fall 2012 History and Theory of Planning: Course Syllabus P11.2660.001 Instructor: Dan Steinberg Adjunct Assistant Professor of Urban Planning Office Address: 295 Lafayette Street New York, NY 10012 Telephone: 917.855.9506 E–mail: [email protected] Office Hours: Wednesday, 2-5 pm or by appointment Course Description This course examines the origins and development of the planning profession in the United States. It begins by exploring the context in which the idea of urban planning first arose as a basis for social intervention, and traces the historical strands in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries that converged with its professionalization. This entails a close look at the problems generated by the emergence of industrial cities, the early responses by reformers of various stripes, and the contributions of urban visionaries who sought to radically restructure urban form. We will examine the process by which planning became a recognized governmental activity, including the rudimentary development of many of the methods and tools still utilized by planners today. The second half of the course will engage central topics in planning theory, including motivations for planning, the differing ways planning can be undertaken, and the values that support it. We will review the different perspectives from which the ideal of rational comprehensive planning has been critiqued, modified, and in some cases, dismantled. This is our opportunity to confront some of the most vexing issues in planning: What are the political and technical constraints faced by planners? What forces shape the production of urban space, and to what extent can planners control or guide them? Planners have been variously described as technical experts, mediators, and mobilizers—can these roles be reconciled or does one deserve primacy? What is the role of the public and how should expertise be balanced with local knowledge? What is the relationship between theory and practice and how can the gap be bridged? We will review the different schools of planning theory that have been influential over the past 60 years, and through the final assignment, you will be given an opportunity to apply some of these theories to a contemporary and practical planning problem.

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Page 1: History and Theory of Planning: Course Syllabus and Theory of Planning: Course Syllabus P11 ... forces shape the production of ... opportunity to apply some of these theories to a

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New York University Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service

Fall 2012

History and Theory of Planning: Course Syllabus P11.2660.001

Instructor: Dan Steinberg

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Urban Planning Office Address: 295 Lafayette Street

New York, NY 10012 Telephone: 917.855.9506 E–mail: [email protected] Office Hours: Wednesday, 2-5 pm or by appointment Course Description This course examines the origins and development of the planning profession in the United States. It begins by exploring the context in which the idea of urban planning first arose as a basis for social intervention, and traces the historical strands in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that converged with its professionalization. This entails a close look at the problems generated by the emergence of industrial cities, the early responses by reformers of various stripes, and the contributions of urban visionaries who sought to radically restructure urban form. We will examine the process by which planning became a recognized governmental activity, including the rudimentary development of many of the methods and tools still utilized by planners today. The second half of the course will engage central topics in planning theory, including motivations for planning, the differing ways planning can be undertaken, and the values that support it. We will review the different perspectives from which the ideal of rational comprehensive planning has been critiqued, modified, and in some cases, dismantled. This is our opportunity to confront some of the most vexing issues in planning: What are the political and technical constraints faced by planners? What forces shape the production of urban space, and to what extent can planners control or guide them? Planners have been variously described as technical experts, mediators, and mobilizers—can these roles be reconciled or does one deserve primacy? What is the role of the public and how should expertise be balanced with local knowledge? What is the relationship between theory and practice and how can the gap be bridged? We will review the different schools of planning theory that have been influential over the past 60 years, and through the final assignment, you will be given an opportunity to apply some of these theories to a contemporary and practical planning problem.

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Course Requirements Class meetings will begin with a short lecture, followed by a class discussion centered on the week’s readings. Readings have been selected to give you grounding in the history and theory of planning, and to deepen and enrich your grasp of the issues that planners routinely confront at the present time. It is therefore imperative that students complete the readings prior to class and come prepared to participate actively in the class discussion. There are the following assignments:

(1) You must submit response papers in which you critically assess the readings for three separate classes over the course of the semester. All assignments must be submitted before class and in hard copy; no electronic submissions will be accepted.

(2) The final project will require you to design a public planning process, drawing

on readings from the course to support your proposal. Further materials regarding the final project will be distributed during the semester.

Grading The grade for this course will be weighted in the following way: 30% for your three response papers, 40% for the final paper, and 30% for class participation. Class Schedule 1. September 5 Course Overview 2. September 12 Industrialization and Urban Transformation 3. September 19 Antecedents to Modern Planning I 4. September 26 Antecedents to Modern Planning II 5. October 3 Utopian Visions and Master Planning 6. October 10 Regionalism and Smart Growth 7. October 17 Rationality and Expertise 8. October 24 Advocacy and Equity Planning 9. October 31 Political Economy 10. November 7 Discursive Democracy 11. November 14 Pragmatism and Collaboration 12. November 21 Modernism Under Attack 13. November 28 Civic Responsibility, Social Justice, and Planning Ethics 14. December 5 Planning in a Globalized World Required Readings All of the required readings are available electronically and will be posted on Blackboard.

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Week 1: Course Overview: Theory and Practice in Planning Low, Nicholas. Planning, Politics, and the State. London: Unwin Hyman, 1991, pp. 11-31. Week 2: Industrialization and Urban Transformation Kingsley David, “The Urbanization of the Human Population,” Scientific America, 1965. Peter Hall, Chapter 2: “The City of Dreadful Night,” in Cities of Tomorrow. Malden, MA: Blackwell University Press, 2003. Frederick Engels, “The Great Towns,” from The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844. Sam Bass Warner, “Evolution and Transformation: The American Industrial Metropolis, 1840-1940.” Week 3: Antecedents to Modern Planning: Early Interventions in the Built Environment. Stanley K. Schultz and Clay McShane, “To Engineer the Metropolis: Sewers, Sanitation, and City Planning in Late Nineteenth-Century America,” Journal of American History, Vol. 65, No. 2, 1978, pp. 389-411. Frederick Law Olmstead, “Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns,” in The City Reader, edi. By Richard T. LeGates and Frederic Stout, London Routledge, 1996. Richard Plunz, “Chapter 2: Legislating the Tenement,” in A History of Housing in New York City, NY: Columbia University Press, 1990. Lawrence Veiller, “The Tenement-House Exhibition of 1899,” in Empire City: New York Through the Centuries, ed. Kenneth T. Jackson and David S. Dunbar. Lewis E. Palmer, “The Day’s Work of a ‘New Law’ Tenement Inspector,” in Empire City: New York Through the Centuries, ed. Kenneth T. Jackson and David S. Dunbar. Week 4: Antecedents to Modern Planning: Social and Political Reform During the Progressive Era Susan Marie Wirka, “The City Social Movement: Progressive Women Reformers and Early Social Planning,” in Planning the Twentieth-Century American City, edited by Mary Corbin Sies and Christopher Silver, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. Melvin G. Holli, “Varieties of Urban Reform,” in American Urban History, edited by Alexander B. Callow, Jr. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982,

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Excerpt from Plunkitt of Tammany Hall, recorded by William Riordon, 1905. Marc. Weiss, “Skyscraper Zoning: New York’s Pioneering Role,” Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 58, No. 2, 1992. Week 5: Utopian Visions and Master Planning: City Beautiful, Garden City, and the Radiant City Robert Fishman, Urban Utopias: Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Le Corbusier, Basic Books, 1977, pp. 3-20, 23-51, 64-75, 226-34. Jon A. Peterson, "The City Beautiful Movement: Forgotten Origins and Lost Meanings." Journal of Urban History 2(August 1976): 415-434. Jon A. Peterson “The New Planning Ideal and the Public Interest,” in The Birth of City Planning in the United States: 1840-1917, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 2003. James C. Scott, “The High Modernist City: An Experiment and a Critique,” in Seeing Like a State, Yale Press, 1998. Week 6: Regionalism and Smart Growth Lewis Mumford, “The Fourth Migration” and “The Plan of New York,” from Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. By Carl Sussman, Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press. Peter Hall, Chapter 5: “The City in the Region,” in Cities of Tomorrow. Malden, MA: Blackwell University Press, 2003. Peter Calthorpe, The Regional City: Planning for the End of Sprawl. Washington DC: Island Press, 2001. Parts 1-2. Susan Fainstein, “New Directions in Planning Theory,” excerpted critique of New Urbanism. John Hancock, “The New Deal and American Planning in the 1930s,” in in Two Centuries of American Planning, ed by. Daniel Schaffer, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1988. Week 7: Rationality and Expertise Edward Banfield, “Ends and Means in Planning, “ International Social Science Journal 11. 1959: 361-8

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Charles Lindblom, “The Science of ‘Muddling Through’,” Public Administration Review 19, 2 (1959) John Friedman, Planning in the Public Domain, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987, pp. 19-29. Week 8: Advocacy and Equity Planning Paul Davidoff, “Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning,” Journal of the American Institute of Planners 31, 4 (1965): 277-96. Norman Krumholz, “A Retrospective View of Equity Planning: Cleveland, 1969-1979,” Journal of the American Planning Association 48, 2 (1982): 163-74 Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, New York: Random House, 1961, pp. 3-25. John H. Mollenkopf, “The Post-War Politics of Urban Development,” Politics and Society, 1975. Week 9: Political Economy Norman Fainstein and Susan Fainstein, "New Debates in Urban Planning: The Impact of Marxist Theory in the United States," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 3, 3 (1979): 381-403.

David Harvey, “On Planning the Ideology of Planning,” pp. 213-33 in R. Burchell and G. Sternlieb, eds., Planning Theory in the 1980s. New Brunswick, NJ: CUPR Press, 1978.

Richard E. Foglesong, Introduction from Planning the Capitalist City, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. Week 10: Discursive Democracy John Forester, “Planning in the Face of Conflict,” Planning in the Face of Power. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1989, pp. 82-103. John Forester, "Argument, Power, and Passion in Planning Practice," pp. 241-62 in S. Mandelbaum, et al., eds., Explorations in Planning Theory. New Brunswick, NJ: CUPR Press, 1996. James Throgmorton, "Impeaching Research: Planning as Persuasive and Constitutive Discourse," pp. 345-64 in S. Mandelbaum et al., eds., Explorations in Planning Theory. New Brunswick, NJ: CUPR Press, 1996.

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Week 11: Pragmatism and Collaboration Charles Hoch, "Doing Good and Being Right: The Pragmatic Connection in Planning Theory," Journal of the American Planning Association 50, 3 (1984): 535-45. Judith E. Innes and David E. Booher, “Reframing Public Participation: Strategies for the 21st Century,” Planning Theory & Practice 5, 4 (2004):419-436. Michael Berkshire, "In Search of a New Landfill Site," pp. 167-182 in B. Eckstein and J. Throgmorton, eds., Story and Sustainability. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003. Week 12: Modernism Under Attack Robert A. Beauregard, "Without A Net: Modernist Planning and the Postmodern Abyss," Journal of Planning Education and Research 10 (1991):189-94. Leonie Sandercock, “Towards a Planning Imagination for the 21st Century,” Journal of the American Planning Association 70, 2 (2004):133-141. Jason Corburn, "Bringing Local Knowledge Into Environmental Decision-Making," Journal of Planning Education and Research 22, 4 (2003): 420-33. Week 13: Civic Responsibility, Social Justice, and Planning Ethics AICP, “Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct,” June 1, 2005. Peter Marcuse, “Professional Ethics and Beyond,” Journal of the American Institute of Planners 42,3 (1976), 264-74. Susan Fainstein, “The Egalitarian City: The Restructuring of Amsterdam,” International Planning Studies (1997): 295-314. Iris Marion Young, “Responsibility and Global Labor Justice,” The Journal of Political Philosophy 12, 4 (2004):365-388. Week 14: Planning in a Globalized World Manuel Castells, “An Introduction to the Information Age,” in The Blackwell City Reader, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2002. Mike David, Planet of Slums, Verso, Chapter 1-2 John Friedmann, “Toward a Non-Euclidian Mode of Planning,” Journal of the American Planning Association, 59(4), 1993, 482-5.