Histoire Romaine. Tome I., Des Origines a l'Achevement de la Conquete, 133 avant J.-C. byEttore Pais; Jean BayetReview by: A. E. R. BoakThe American Historical Review, Vol. 36, No. 1 (Oct., 1930), pp. 99-100Published by: Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical AssociationStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1837631 .

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Pais: Histoire Romaine 99

others. Nevertheless there is something new in the treatment of history from the point of view of Corinth and in the conclusion that "it was Corinth, not Lysander, that really overthrew Athens; for it was the Sicilian disaster . . . which proved the ruin of Athenian dominion. It was Corinth's influence in Sicily that provoked Athens' interference there. The downfall of Athens really dates from 413; Aegospotami merely marks the transition of her power to Sparta." Appendix I. calls atten- tion to the persistence of the type of Corinthian coins and to the con- venience of their standard for exchange with Athens and Aegina. In appendix II. the Lelantine War is dated in the latter part of the seventh century, and the settlement of the Messenians at Naupactus (cf. I.G. IX.,i, p. 85) in 459 B.C. There are ten plates, a list of abbreviations, a selected bibliography, and an index.

The book contains little that is new, but facts are well stated, and theories are discussed with scholarship and (which is often more im- portant) common sense. The author has done a useful piece of work.

The Library of Congress. HAROLD N. FOWLER.

Histoire Romaine. Tome L, Des Origines a PAchevement de la C5on quoet I33 avant J.-C. Par ETTORE PAIS, Professeur a l'Universite de Rome, Senateur du Royaume d'Italie. Adapte d'apres le Manuscrit Italien, par JEAN BAYET, Professeur 'a la Faculte des Lettres de Caen. [Histoire Generale, publiee sous la direction de Gustave Glotz, membre de l'Institut.] (Paris: Presses Universitaires. I926. Pp. xxii, 663. t50 fr.) THIs new work from the pen of one of the most voluminous writers

in the field of Roman history may be regarded as a fresh presentation of the views which he has already set forth in his Storia Critica di Roma, Storia dell'Italia Antica, and other more comprehensive studies. In fact, it will be appreciated chiefly as a convenient and readable exposition of his point of view. It is, bowever, by no means a mere popular work of condensation, but is a scholarly treatment in every sense of the word. abundantly documented with references to both ancient and modern authorities. Each of the ten chapters has a special bibliography in addi- tion to the general bibliography for Roman history at the beginning of the book which is intended to serve both for the present and for sub- sequent volumes of the series in this field. While comprehensive and selected with discrimination, this general bibliography is by no means complete nor up-to-date, and it omits such important works as Botsford's Roman Assemblies and Rostovtzeff's Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire.

An introduction of twenty-eight pages is devoted to a critical survey of the sources for early Roman history and a critique of certain modern tendencies in interpreting them. The prehistoric peoples of Italy and their cultures receive the scantest treatment possible and the Etruscans

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IOO Reviews of Books

fare but little better. As one might expect, Pais makes no attempt to write the political history of the regal period and the early centuries of the republic but contents himself with a reconstruction of the main lines of constitutional and social development. Only with the age of the Samnite Wars does he begin a connected historical narrative. Well over one-third of the text (286 out of 632 pages) is devoted to the period of the First and Second Punic Wars. The treatment of the latter struggle contains, in addition to a useful discussion of the sources with an in- evitable comparison of Polybius and Livy, some very good character sketches of Hannibal, Scipio Africanus the Elder, and their lesser con- temporaries. An interesting feature of the work consists in the surveys of cultural conditions for various periods down to the close of the third century, but unfortunately there is no corresponding section for the epoch 201-133 B.C. One also looks in vain for any discussion of the social and economic developments which led up to the crisis of the age of the Gracchi. Perhaps these topics have been reserved for a later volume.

As illustrations there are two double page maps, one of southern Italy and Sicily, the other of northern Greece and Macedonia, with eleven smaller maps and plans chiefly serving to explain battles and sieges, but there is no general map of the Mediterranean World nor one of the Roman Empire in I33 B.C. An index of proper names and a detailed table of contents conclude the volume.

The University of Michigan. A. E. R. BOAK.

Cicerone e i suoi Tempi. Per EMANUELE CIACERI, Professore Ordi- nario della Reale Universita di Napoli. Volume II., Dat Con- solato alla Morte (a. 63-43 a.C.) (Rome: Albrighi, Segati, and Company. I930. PP. vi, 420. 45 lire.) PROFESSOR CIAcERI's second and final volume, ending with an elo-

quent chapter Cicerone e Noi (3759), follows at a reasonable interval after the first (1926), which carried his hero through the consulship (63). Scarcely half the size of the most thorough existing biography, only tolerably equipped with citations of the sources, and with very few references to modern scholarly work, it is obvious that the book was not calculated to supersede such a critical work as the indispensable Drumann- Groebe. It is rather the somewhat unfavorable estimate of the char- acter of Cicero as first set forth in detail by Drumann, and later sum- marized in bitter language by Mommsen, that has aroused Professor Ciaceri to a prolonged reply. With questionable taste, temper, and logic, in the preface to his first volume, he published a manifesto against German scholarship over the heads of Drumann and Mommsen, and although this aspect of his work was somewhat coolly received by re- viewers, he defiantly reiterates every word of his first pronunciamento and clearly regards it as a duty to write, as he styles it, '' con pensiero italiano ". This means that as an ardent Catholic, Italian, and Fascist,

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