Hispanic Americans

Mexican Workers 1850-1910

Political Turmoil700,000 came to US from Mexico.7% of their population

National Reclamation ActEncouraged irrigation of arid landNew Farmland

Mexican Workers 1850-1910

RailroadsTranscontinental Railroad made it possible to push

railroads south.Effects of the RR:

► Time Zones

► Railroad Towns

► Shipping of goods – mail order catalogs

► Big $$$

Needed to workers to make the roadsMexicans were willing to do the work

Ended up in debt peonage Pay back debts through physical labor

Open border made this easy

Bracero MovementUS allowed Mexicans to enter and work fields

Hired Hands-temporary work permits establishedShortage of Agriculture workers during WWII

Workers expected to leave when work was done but many stayed illegally

Civil Rights Movement was ongoing

Picture of a Bracero Man

Effects TodayIncreased Border Patrol

Note: Originally created in 1904 to keep out Asian workers

Minutemen Project

SB 1070

Anti-immigrant laws

DREAM Act vs DeportationNote: Operation Wetback deported 3.8 million

from 1953-58

Zoot Suit Riots 1940’sMexican Americans underpaid and poor living

conditions

Youth created their own culture (own music, language, and Dress (Zoot Suit))

Members of this group were accused of murdering a man.

A riot quickly broke out between servicemen and black & Mexican Youth.

Zoot Suit Con’tInvestigation Results

Racial TensionsPatriotismMilitary said Service men acted in Self DefenseNewspapers propaganda

Just for Jeopardy (Famous Zoot Suit wearing people)Cesar ChavezMalcolm X

Zoot Suit Sources "Marching through the streets of downtown Los

Angeles, a mob of several thousand soldiers, sailors, and civilians, proceeded to beat up every zoot suiter they could find. Pushing its way into the important motion picture theaters, the mob ordered the management to turn on the house lights and then ran up and down the aisles dragging Mexicans out of their seats. Streetcars were halted while Mexicans, and some Filipinos and Negroes, were jerked from their seats, pushed into the streets and beaten with a sadistic frenzy.”

A witness to the attacks, journalist Carey McWilliams wrote,

Zoot Suit Sources

Cesar Chavez

Dolores Huerta

UFW

Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta, and UFW

Farmers made very little and were overworked

Cesar ChavezBelieved farm workers had to unionizeStrength would come from bargaining as a group.

Dolores HuertaSchool TeacherWorked side by side with Cesar.

Chavez and Huerta created National Farm Workers Association

United Farm WorkersFilipinos went on strike

Cesar merged his efforts with the Filipinos

Changed the National Farm Workers Association into United Farm Workers (UFW)

UFWConflict

Chavez called for grape growers to except unionIgnored GroupGroup convinced supermarkets across the US not to

buy California grapesGrape company folded and accepted UFWHigher wages and benefits were given.

Cesar Chavez QuotesFrom the depth of need and despair, people can work together, can organize themselves to solve their own problems and fill their own needs with dignity and strength.

Students must have initiative; they should not be mere imitators. They must learn to think and act for themselves - and be free.

The fight is never about grapes or lettuce. It is always about people.

AB2386 = Right to Breast Feed at Work

QuestionBased on the previous picture, do you believe

Cesar Chavez would have fought for this right? Why?

Cesar Chavez

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REHiLryR1oE&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sJznyNy4VI&feature=fvwrel

Dolores Huerta

Dolores Huerta

Cuban Immigration Quotes

I am not a communist and neither is the revolutionary movement. Fidel Castro

“Cuba ought to be free and independent, and the government should be turned over to the Cuban people.”William McKinley

Cuban Immigration Quotes

I find capitalism repugnant. It is filthy, it is gross, it is alienating... because it causes war, hypocrisy and competition. Fidel Castro

Cuban ImmigrantsFidel Castro rise to power.

Castro’s Politics Imprisoned those who did not agree with him. Took control of Property (sugar industry) Alliance with Soviet Union Dictator (done so he could stay in power)

Immigration 10% went into exile because of fear of imprisonment or

death Many of the wealthy fled to protect their assets over

fear Castro would take them (Socialism)

Fidel Castro

Cuban Immigrants (con.)Cubans only group that can gain citizenship

within 1 year of living in US (1966)

In response to Cuba, Reagan cancelled all forms of legal immigration except those seeking exile.

This increased scenes as follows:

Latino ImmigrantsImmigration and Reform Act of 1986

required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status.

made it illegal to knowingly hire or recruit unauthorized immigrants.

granted amnesty to certain seasonal agricultural illegal immigrants.

granted amnesty to illegal immigrants who entered the United States before January 1, 1982 and had resided there continuously. About three million illegal immigrants were granted amnesty.

School and ReformsHernandez v. Texas (1954)-no discrimination based

on class or ethnic group

Latino LA walkout of 1968

Largest Minority group in country (2003)

ELL programs

Lau v. Nichols-no discrimination if can’t speak English

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/photo-gallery/class/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzGvU_NAek4&feature=related