Submitted by: SONAL SHARMA AAYOJAN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE,JAIPUR BATCH 11

1) INTRODUCTION 1

2) MAP OF INDIA 2

3) NORTHERN HINDU STYLE 3-7 Characteristic Features

4)CENTRAL HINDU STYLE 8-11 Characteristic Features

5)SOUTHERN HINDU STYLE 12-17 Characteristic Features

6)GRADUAL CHANGES OVER PERIOD.. 18-26

7)BIBLIOGRAPHY 27

Page no.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

The Hindu religion has evolved due to the combinations of faiths of ARYANS and DRAVIDIANS.

In the latter half of the fifth century, the temple structure was beginning to assume a prescribed form.

Over periods temples were either carved into rocks or excavated or built in conventional fashion and all dedicated to Hindu pantheon.

Temples contain large internal spaces called.tabernacles,preceded by halls used for ritual, music and dance.

Temples are often decorated with ornaments and sculptures illustrating the great myths of the Hindu pantheon.

1

Hindu Architecture is sub-divided into following 3 styles:

I. NORTHERN HINDU STYLE

II. CENTRAL HINDU STYLE

III. SOUTH HINDU STYLE

Ref: Great ages of W.Architecture

2

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

I. Northern Hindu Style /Indo-Aryan Style (A.D. 600 to the present day).

o It started in the state of Kalinga(now called Orissa). o Most important temples are JAGANATH TEMPLE at

PURI (1000A.D) built by Mahasivagupta Yayati II and the SUN TEMPLE at KONARAK(1250A.D.) built by Narasinha I.

o Further the Northern Hindu Style was extended to Rajputana, Gujarat and

Deccan.

SUN TEMPLE JAGANATH TEMPLE

3

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

Characteristic Features:

The typical plan of the temple is square the most basic.

Inside the vimana is a cella called GARBHA GRIHA and was entered by a doorway on its inner and usually eastern side.

In front of the doorway was a hall called MANDAPA.

The pillars are notable for their absense.

4.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

PLAN Ref:www.google.com 5.

PISTA

SIKHARA

The interior is plain, featureless but exterior walls are ornamented.

The temple rests on high platform called PISTA.

The sanctuary as a whole is known as the VIMANA, of which the upper and pyramidal or tapering portion is called the SIKHARA

Ref: Hindu India

NARAGA TEMPLE IN ORISSA

6.

ASSEMBLY HALL

NAT-MANDIR

BHOG-MANDIR

Due to religious ritual development other buildings were added in front,in one axial line such as BHOG-MANDIR in front followed by NAT-MANDIR.

Ref: Hindu India

LINGARAJA TEMPLE IN BHUBANESHWAR

7.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

LAD KHAN (600-650 A.D.)

SECTION

PLAN SIDE VIEW

HALL

PILLARS

8.

PLAN

SIDE VIEW DURGA TEMPLE (675-725 A.D.)

EMBRYONIC SIKHARA

GALLERY

9.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

Characteristic Feature:

In this period combined features of contemporary north and south indian style were seen.

Plans changed into a star-shape stellate plan by means of number of recesses,offsets.(16 POINT STAR)

KESHAVA TEMPLE AT SOMNATHPUR(1268)

PLAN OF HOYSALEWAR TEMPLE (KARNATAKA) (1050-1300)

Ref: Hindu India & G.A.O.W.A 10.

SIKHARAS are missing in many temples.

Notable feature of this style are the bracket figures called, MADANIKAS which depict women dancing or playing music instrument.

The flat ceilings are highly ornate.

Artistic importance is given to the door-ways of main entrance .

Ref: G.A.O.W.A.

TELE TEMPLE IN GWALIOR(M.P)

11.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62) 12.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

Characteristic Features:

Temple consists of GARBHA-GRIHA with a mantapa /open porch.

The shrine containing the GARBHA-GRIHA is crowned with steeply tapering 'SIKHARA formed by a horizontal system of ornamented storeyed towers.

The mantapa is provided with flatter pyramidal covering.

The temple has an ambulatory consisting of an enclosed corridor around the outside of the GARBHA-GRIHA.

13.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

SHRINE CROWNED WITH STEEPLY TAPERING SIKHARA

ENCLOSED CORRIDOR AROUND GARBHA-GRIHA

Ref: Hindu India & www.google.com

NARAGA TEMPLE IN ORISSA

14.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

Pillars were outstanding features of this style

.

Later on the temples were added with many pillared mantapas called, THOUSAND PILLARED MANTAPAS for special rituals ,dance and music recitals.

RAMESHWARAM TEMPLE

15.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

Temples were expanded with courtyard called, PRAKARAS

Dwellings for various grades of priests were provided in the courtyard.

Temples were built on top of hills so as to guide the pilgrim to the temple from miles away.

Another important addition is the KALYAN-MANTAPA placed towards the left and in front of the entrance .

It is an open canopied pillared pavilion with a throne in the centre over a raised platform for annaul celebration of the marriage ceremony of the deity.

16.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

LATERAL ELEVATION & PLAN OF THE KESHAVA TEMPLE AT SOMNATHPUR NEAR MYSORE,IT COMPRISES OF 64 CELLS TO ACCOMMODATE PRIESTS & PILGRIMS.

COURTYARD

Ref: Hindu India 17.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62) 18.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

Ref: Indian Architecture 19.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62) 20.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

THE TIGER CAVE AT MAMALLAPURAM(7TH CENTURY)

Ref: Hindu India 21.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

DRAUPADI RATHA AT MAMALLAPURAM (7TH CENTURY)

IT IS A MONOLITH CARVED FROM A ROCK

22.

TEMPLE PLAN FORMS Sonal Sharma(62)

ARJUNA RATHA AT MAMALLAPURAM (7TH CENTURY)

IT IS CROWNED BY AN OCTAGONAL MONOLITH DOME

23.

BHIMA RATHA AT MAMALLAPURAM (7TH CENTURY) ENTRANCE PORTICO HAS 4 FREE STANDING COLOUMNS

24.

STANDING ONE BEHIND THE OTHER, THE TOWERS OF SHORE TEMPLE AT MAMALLAPURAM

STEPPED ROOF STOREYS DECORATED WITH MINIATURE BUILDINGS.

25.

KAILASANATHA TEMPLE AT KANCHIPURAM FIRST HYPOSTYLE HALL LEADS THROUGH TO A SECOND AND HENCE GRABHA-GRIHA.

26.

THE GREAT AGES OF WORLD ARCHITECTURE -G.K. HIRASKAR. HINDU INDIA -HENRI STIERLIN Indian Architecture(Buddhist & Hindu Periods) ( Part 1 & Part 2) -PERCY BROWN www.google.com

27.

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