hijri calendar, virtues of muharram and 'ashura' fasting

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Hijri Calendar Mohamad Sani 6 Muharram 1435 – Pengajian Glasgow

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1. History of Hijri Calendar 2. Virtues of Muharram 3. 'Ashura' Fasting

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Page 1: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

Hijri CalendarMohamad Sani

6 Muharram 1435 – Pengajian Glasgow

Page 2: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

Disclaimer• I’m not an Islamic scholar• intended to be a discussion trigger• taken from:– www.konsultasisyariah.com– http://sunnahonline.com

Page 3: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

HISTORY OF HIJRI CALENDAR

Page 4: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

Before Umar

• Arabs has known qamari calendar– Lunar calendar– Origin of most of month names– Known the 4 holy months

• However, they didn’t count years– Referring a year by notable event• Elephant year• 10 years after Ka’ab ibn Luay died• Sanatul idzni (year of clearance)

Page 5: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

The Trigger

• On the 3rd year of caliphate of Umar• Basra governor wrote Umar a letter– “I received letters from you, one of them

dated on Shaban, but I don’t know whether it is this year Shaban or last year?”

Page 6: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

The Discussion• Umar gathered some companions for

discussion to establish calendar year– Gregorian calendar had been numerous– 4 different opinions when the 1st year should

be• Hijra event was chosen

– Ali’s idea– That’s why the name is hijri calendar

– Then, which month should be the 1st month?• Uthman propose Muharram for 3 reasons

1. Already the 1st month in qamari calendar2. After hajj3. Hijra intention was firstly on Muharram

Page 7: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

Hijri Calendar• Hasn’t exist in the prophecy, so …– Prophet saw didn’t teach any new year’s eve

dua– He didn’t teach any special ceremony/ritual

• We better popularize the usage. Benefits:1. No disagreement for Eid2. Better remembrance for important dates

• Rajab, ‘ashura’ day, etc.• Fasting in the middle of months

3. Association to Islam

Page 8: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

What Allah Said About Calendar

“Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve [lunar] months in the register of

Allah [from] the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred.

That is the correct religion, so do not wrong yourselves during them. And fight against the disbelievers collectively as they fight

against you collectively. And know that Allah is with the righteous [who fear Him]”

QS At-Tawba (9): 36

Page 9: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

VIRTUES OF MUHARRAM

Page 10: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

1. One of The Sacred Months

Abu Bakarah r.a. reported that the Prophet saw said: "The year is twelve months of which four are sacred, the three consecutive months of Dhul-Qa'dah, Dhul-Hijjah and Muharram,

and Rajab Mudar which comes between Jumadah and Sha'ban.”

Reported by al-Bukhari [2958] and Muslim

Page 11: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

2. The Best Month After Ramadan

• Abu Hurayrah r.a. said: "The Messenger of Allah saw said: 'The best of fasting after Ramadhan is fasting Allah's month (Shahrullah) of Muharram.' “ [Reported by Muslim, 1982]– Previously, Jahiliyya named this month Safar Al-Awwal, then Allah

changed it into Muharram when Islam came. That’s why Allah refers it to His month (Shahrullah) [Sharh Suyuthi ‘Ala shahih Muslim, 3:252]

• Allah open the year in the month of haram (Muharram) and make the end of it the month of haram (Dhul-Hijjah). There is no month in the year, after the month of Ramadan, which is more precious in the sight of Allah than Muharram. The first month is called Syahrullah Al-Asham (Allah’s month of quite), because it is very noble of this month. [Hasan Al-Basri, Lathaiful Ma’arif, pg. 34)

Page 12: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

3. Best Month For Sunnah Fasting

Abu Hurayrah r.a. said: "The Messenger of Allah saw said: 'The best

of fasting after Ramadhan is fasting Allah's month of Muharram.' “

Reported by Muslim [1982]

Page 13: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

‘ASHURA’ FASTING

Page 14: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

‘Ashura’ (10 Muharram) Fasting

Ibn 'Abbas r.a. said: "The Prophet saw came to Madinah and saw the Jews fasting on the day of 'Ashura'. He said, 'What is this?' They

said, 'This is a great day, on which Allah saved Musa and his people, and drowned

Pharaoh and his people.' He said to his Companions: 'You have more right to Musa

than they do, so fast on that day.' ”Reported by al-Bukhari [1865] and Muslim

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Mustahabb to Fast Tasu'a' (9 Muharram) with 'Ashura’

'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas r.a. said: "When the Messenger of Allah saw fasted on 'Ashura' and commanded the Muslims to fast as well, they said, 'O Messenger of Allah, it is a day that is venerated by the Jews and Christians.' The Messenger of Allah saw said, 'If I live to see the next year, inshaAllah, we will fast on the ninth day too.' But it so happened that the

Messenger of Allah saw passed away before the next year came.”

Reported by Muslim [1916]

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The Virtues of Fasting 'Ashura'• Ibn 'Abbas r.a. said: "I never saw the

Messenger of Allah saw so keen to fast any day and give it priority over any other than this day, the day of 'Ashura', and this month, meaning Ramadhan." [Reported by al-Bukhari, 1867]

• The meaning of his being keen was that he intended to fast on that day in the hope of earning the reward for doing so:– The Prophet saw said: "For fasting the day of

'Ashura', I hope that Allah will accept it as expiation for the year that went before." [Reported by Muslim, 1976]

Page 17: Hijri Calendar, Virtues of Muharram and 'Ashura' Fasting

Remember

9 Muharram 1435Wed, 13 Nov 2013

According toGlasgow Central Mosque: www.centralmosque.co.ukLondon Central Mosque: www.iccuk.org

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Reference– http://www.konsultasisyariah.com/sejarah-

penetapan-kalender-hijriah– http://www.konsultasisyariah.com/5-artikel-

penting-seputar-bulan-muharram– http://sunnahonline.com/library/hajj-

umrah-and-the-islamic-calendar/324-virtues-of-muharram-and-fasting-on-ashura-the

• Image:– Wallpapers99.com– MakkahCalendar.org– FreeFever.com– http://profile.typepad.com/mumudesign