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High-Speed Rail Around the World and the Shinkansen

Kunihiro KondoSenior Chief EngineerCentral Japan Railway Company (JRC)

Princeton UniversityDecember 1, 2010

U.S. DoT National High-Speed Rail Plan

• Overview of HSR around the world; including in the U.S.

• Overview of the Tokaido Shinkansen

– CJR and the Tokaido Shinkansen

– About Shinkansen System

• Impact of HSR on society

• Future Prospect

– Deploy N 700-I into international market

– SCMAGLEV

• Conclusion

Today’s Discussion

• Overview of HSR around the world; including in the U.S.

• Overview of the Tokaido Shinkansen

– CJR and the Tokaido Shinkansen

– About Shinkansen System

• Impact of HSR on society

• Future Prospect

– Deploy N 700-I into international market

– SCMAGLEV

• Conclusion

Today’s Discussion

August 2010

World High-Speed Rail Network

• The definition of High-Speed Rail (HSR)

– UIC and EC Directive

• 250 km/h(156m/h) : new tacks

• 200 km/h (125m/h) : existing tracks

– The United States FRA

• 180 km/h (110m/h)

• World network (V > 250 km/h)

– 13.714 km of lines in operation

– 10.481 km of lines under construction

– 17.579 km of lines planned

V > 250 km/h in operation High-Sspeed in projectV < 200 km/h in operation

HSR Systems Around the World

Situation as at 04.2010

Information given by the Railways

v > 250 km/h

180 < v < 250 km/h

Other lines

v > 250 km/h Planned

UIC - High-Speed

BursaSalerno

Podgorica

Napoli

Tirana

ValladolidZaragoza

Vitoria

Madrid

Valencia

Barcelona

Sarajevo

Skopje

St.Petersburg

Oulu

Tampere

Turku

Roma

Nice

Torino

Marseille

Málaga

Lisboa

Sevilla

Thessaloniki

Zagreb

Bologna

Ljubljana

Sivas

Sofia

Ankara

KayseriKonya

TallinnStockholm

Helsinki

Riga

Minsk

PoznanBerlin

Budapest

Praha

Gdansk

Warszawa

Katowice

Wien

KrakowNürnberg

Bratislava

ZürichMünchen

Strasbg

Milano

Bordeaux

Toulouse

Alicante

Coruña

FkftLux

KölnKiev

Chisinau

Bucuresti

Athinai Izmir

Brux

Moskva

Lyon

Oslo

Göteborg

Kobenhavn

Nantes

Paris

Hannover

Hamburg

Amsterdam

LondonBristol

Dublin

EdinburghGlasgow

Istanbul

Vilnius

Vigo

Porto

Beograd

6161km(2010)

High-Speed Rail In Europe

17000km(2025)

France 1981: 1872km 320km/h Spain 1991: 1604km 300km/h

Italy 1981: 923km 300km/h Germany 1991: 1285km 300km/h

High-Speed Rail In Europe

YouTubeFrHighSpeedRecord

1964- 2452km 300km/h

Series N700

Series E2

High Speed Rail in Japan

High-Speed Rail in Asia

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South Korea 2009- 235km 250km/h

Taiwan 2007- 345km 300km/h

China 2008- 3529km 350km/h

Inauguration : 2000.12Line : Northeast Corridor (existing line), Washington DC – Boston 735kmTop Speed: 150 mph (240 km/h)Average speed: 70 mph (110 km/h)Configuration: 1 power car + 6 cars + 1 power car, 304 seats Annual Passengers : 300,000 (2008)

High-Speed Rail in the U.S.

Acela Express(AMTRAK)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

450001

96

4

19

67

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70

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73

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76

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79

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82

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91

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00

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03

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06

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09

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Kilo

met

ers

of T

rack

Expected Evolution of the Global HSR Network

• Overview of HSR around the world; including in the U.S.

• Overview of the Tokaido Shinkansen

– CJR and the Tokaido Shinkansen

– About Shinkansen System

• Impact of HSR on society

• Future Prospect

– Deploy N 700-I into international market

– SCMAGLEV

• Conclusion

Today’s Discussion

Central Japan Railway Company (JRC)

• Operates the Tokaido Shinkansen, high-speed rail linking Japan’s most populous cities—Tokyo, Nagoya, Kyoto and Osaka

• Operates conventional rail in the Central Japan area

TokyoNagoya

Osaka

Tokaido Shinkansen

Tokyo-Osaka:320 miles

Kyoto

Tokaido Shinkansen: Tokyo—Osaka HSR

• The world’s FIRST high-speed rail

– Operational since 1964 (*French TGV since 1981, German ICE since 1991)

• Remains the leading high-speed rail in the world today

Series 0 (1964)1st Generation

130 mph

Series N700 (2007)5th Generation

168mph, Sanyo 188mph

2:522:56

19901986

1992

1

2

3:10

2:30

1965

4:00

1964

3

4

2007

2:25

Travel Time(hours)

Commencement of Operation(130mph)

Debut of Series N700(168mph, Sanyo 188mph)

1:00△59% Deployment of SCMAGLEV

(310mph)

5

6

7 6:30

Series 300 (168mph) Series 700Series 100Series 0

Tokyo - Osaka 320miles

Travel Time: Tokyo—Osaka

Total daily number of trains 341*1

Trains per hour capacity from Tokyo 13

Average daily passenger ridership 378,000

Yearly passenger ridership 138M

Average annual delay per train 30 seconds*2

Accident-related fatalities Zero*1 Including extra services*2 Including delays due to uncontrollable causes, such as natural disasters

Tokaido Shinkansen Operational Data (FY2010.3)

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Keys to Success

• Totally new design concept to ensure the safety in HSR operation

• Total system approach through the integrated management of hardware & software

• Continuous innovation through introduction of new technologies

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Totally New Design Concept

• The Shinkansen System design is based on a totally new design concept to ensure safety in HSR by eliminating operational risk.

• The fundamental element is,

– A dedicated, closed passenger rail system with full grade separations as well as segregation of passenger and freight traffic

• This allows us to not compromise on:

– other traffic

– traditional standard on conventional railways

– introducing new ideas into system

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Why are dedicated tracks needed?

♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪

♪

Mixedtracks :

Dedicatedtracks :

!!

The Shinkansen: A Total System Approach

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The Shinkansen is a Total HSR System. Not just combination of hardware(e.g.,rolling stock, ground facilities and tracks, signal system ”ATC” etc)

The safety and the high quality of the Tokaido Shinkansen is enabled by the integrated management of the system’s hardware and software.

- Rolling stock

- Ground facilities and tracks

- Signal system “ATC”

(onboard and ground facilities)

- Disaster prevention facilities

- Protective facilities

- Safety promotion structure

- Employee Education and Aptitude

- Maintenance

- Operation management

HardwareHardware SoftwareSoftware

Total System Approach of the “High-Speed Railway System”

1985 1999

Series 300

1964

Series 0

1992 2007

Series 100 Series 700 Series N700

New generation rolling stockEarly series rolling stock

972t(2,142kips)

925t(2,039kips)

711t(1,580kips)

708t(1,567kips)

715t(1,576kips)

Substantial reduction in the weight of rolling stock and introduction of the latest power electronics technologies

- Aluminum alloy carbody- Bolsterless bogie- Asynchronous motor drive (VVVF control)- Regenerative brake

- Steel car body- Conventional bogie- DC motor drive

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Transition of Tokaido Shinkansen Rolling Stock

DC motor Asynchronous motor

Weight 830 kg 390 kg

Output 230 kW 305 kW

Series 100 Series N700

Reduction in weight (traction motor)

Test Track

Test Facilities Building C 　

Real Scale Test Structure

Opened July 2002

Site area: Approx. 73ha

Use area: Approx. 20ha

Employees

Research & Development Division: Approx. 120 Planning & Project Division: Approx. 30

Ground area

The Facilities Building A 　

Track & Structural Dynamics Simulator

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Komaki Research Center

• Overview of HSR around the world; including in the U.S.

• Overview of the Tokaido Shinkansen

– CJR and the Tokaido Shinkansen

– About Shinkansen System

• Impact of HSR on society

• Future Prospect

– Deploy N 700-I into international market

– SCMAGLEV

• Conclusion

Today’s Discussion

Impact of Shinkansen on Society

• Economic Growth

• Connects Communities

• Regional Development

• “Green” (Environmentally Friendly)

Economic Growth

270

100

200

300

400

500

600Unit: ¥ trillion (for GDP), 100 million passenger-kilometers (for Ridership)

GDP

Ridership

1964 2009

(FY)

1970 1980 1990 2000

TokyoOsakaHakata

After Tokaido & SanyoShinkansen opened

Tokyo

Hakata

Ref: A GENERALIZED SOLUTION OF TIME-DISTANCE MAPPING, E. Shimizu et al. Univ. of Tokyo, 2004

Connecting Communities

Introducing HSR promotes development of the areas around the stations.

1964

Shin-Yokohama Station

Immediately after inauguration

2010Today

Regional Development

1995

2010Shinagawa Station today

Shinagawa Station

Before opening Shinagawa Station

Shinagawa Station opened at 2003

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Regional Development

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(90MJ/seat)

8times

Comparison of Energy Consumption per Passenger Seat

Comparison of CO2 emissions per Passenger Seat

Series N700 “Nozomi”

Airplane (B777-200)

Series N700 “Nozomi”

Airplane (B777-200)

Basis

12times

(4.4kg-CO2/seat)

(52kg-CO2/seat)

(770MJ/seat)

Basis

Source: Calculation based on running performance (JR Central figures)Series N700 "Nozomi" (Tokyo~Shin-Osaka) :JR Central calculations with reference to ANA CSR Report 2009

“Green” – Environmentally Friendly

• Overview of HSR around the world; including in the U.S.

• Overview of the Tokaido Shinkansen

– CJR and the Tokaido Shinkansen

– About Shinkansen System

• Impact of HSR on society

• Future Prospect

– Deploy N 700-I into international market

– SCMAGLEV

• Conclusion

Today’s Discussion

• JRC offers the “N700-I Bullet” for sale to international markets

“N700-I Bullet” at 205 mph cruising speed

• “N700-I Bullet”: based on proven “N700 Bullet” technology

• Configuration is flexible—can adjust from 6 to 16 cars

“N700-I Bullet” for International Markets

• Revolutionary levitated transport system• World’s fastest traino Recorded manned speed: 361 mpho Planned commercial operation: 310 mph

• Running test on Yamanashi test line(1997 〜）o Cumulative distance travelled: >800,000km 　　

• Practical commercial application established

Superconducting MAGLEV (SCMAGLEV)

YouTubeFastest

The Tokaido Shinkansen Bypass Project

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Tokyo

Osaka

Nagoya

Yamanashi Maglev Test Line (42.8km)

Tokaido Shinkansen Bypass

( Aiming for operation launch by 2027 )

Yamanashi Maglev Test Line (priority section)

Yamanashi Maglev Test Line

Tokaido Shinkansen 　 515 km

Tokaido Shinkansen

Increased speed will reduce travel time between Tokyo and Nagoya from 95 to 40 minutes.

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Conclusions

• HSR is booming globally and soon the U.S. will realize true high-speed rail !?

• The Tokaido Shinkansen is the leading HSR in the world and the critical keys to its success are:

– Totally New Design Concept

– Total System Approach

– Continuous innovation

• HSR has enormous impacts on the society

• Next HSR system: JRC is developing its SCMGLEV -- the most innovative and transformational mode of transportation in the world.

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JRC in the United States

• U.S.-Japan High-Speed Rail (USJHSR)

– U.S. company teamed with JRC to market and deploy the N700-I Bullet Train internationally, including in the U.S.

– Founded in association with JRC in 2009 and is headquartered in Washington, DC.

• U.S.-Japan MAGLEV (USJMAGLEV)

– U.S. company teamed with JRC to market and deploy its Superconducting MAGLEV technology internationally, including in the U.S.

– Founded in association with JRC in 2009

– Headquartered in Washington, DC

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