henry mosler's civil war diary, october 1862
DESCRIPTION
The artist Henry Mosler (1841 -1920) kept a diary in October 1862, when he served as an illustrator for Harper’s Weekly and an aide-de-camp to General R. W. Johnson with the Union Troops as part of the Ninth Indiana Volunteer Regiment. During this period, Mosler wrote about his movements with the troops and mentions encampments, encounters, and occasionally his work for Harper’s. He recorded these impressions in a slim pocket diary. Though not lengthy at only thirty-seven pages, the diary provides a first-hand account of the suffering and weariness of war. The verbatim transcriptions found here preserve the exact spelling and punctuation of the original diary. The format of the diary, however, has been standardized according to the modified block style for greater clarity.TRANSCRIPT
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Mr Self Dr H.N Davis Louisville Ky engiune at Mr H Kirby s [illegible] St bet 1st + Brooks Death of Oenone Hectic Trojan + Plyebean
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stop the ridges of the tin boxes with tallow tallow to keep small insects out 39 Rue Laval Mr. Hebert Leane [illegible vertical word]
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[Two portraits in pencil]
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Presented to
Henry Mosler
By XX M & C Fringant
September 1st, 1862
A.Y.M Landsberg
Box 670
Nashville
[pencil line drawing]
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Miss Mary W. Cooper Lexington Ky – Miss Laura Lewis 2- 22 x 27 square 2 22 X 27 oval 2 20 X 24 square 5 [0 S indecipherable] Brushes M Ella Barnisrooch
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Sketches sent to Harpers & Bros
ʘPontoon over the Ohio
ʘ “ “ “ Liking
Gen Wallace Qrs
Carolton Ky
Gen Curtis Troops on their way to Louisville
ʘReturn of the Cincinnati Militia
ʘMarket House 5th Street
ʘFort Mitchell
ʘFortified Steamer cruising the Ohio
ʘLouisville Landing - Families leaving
Pontoon Bridge at Louisville and Portland
ʘBuells army entering Louisville
Comic Sketch Louisville Hotel
ʘGen Nelsons Assassination
ʘBuells army crossing Salt River
ʘBattle of Perrysville
ʘPerryville (Town)
ʘReception at Danville
ʘBuells army on the march
ʘGen Smith Comdg 4th Div
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From Fred E Barger – Comp D “ H.V. Weeks “ G Pd “ Caleb C. Redding “ F “ H. E. Elliott “ F /// Adan Kiste A Pd.S F Beaty send by mail A Pd I N Leonard by mail Market Serve 5000 News Boy 1000 Water Fall 2500 Lederer ___ 2500 Kaufman #1500 Seine on the Oh 10000 La Marks 2500
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Send to
I D. K. Jacobi Delphi Carroll Co Ind I H.V. Weeks, Oswego City, N.Y. I Lydia A Harris Elkhart, Ind I Mr E.W. Elliot Sturgiss Pearee St. Joseph Michigan [Strikethrough] Dr. Blackmann 1 evening drawing 1 afternoon & few drawing at the Studio 1 afternoon some Drawing at the Doctor’s Residence And one little sketch at the Hospital 1 Afternoon at sketch on Wind ??? Street Hospital 1 After Entire evening
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[Blank]
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Started from Louisville the lst of October after living in the street
nearly all day waiting while the other divisions with their immense
number of trains had passed on to so that we could march on without
obstruction. In the evening commenced the march passing along
Broadway into the Bardstown Pike. In the rear, the city of Louisville
fading from our sight and before the as yet we get a glimpse of the Body
of troops (moving up a little elevation [illegible] near Cave Hill Cemetary).
Enveloped in the dust of the Limestone Pike and the orange light of
Sun set reflicting on the glittery Bayonnettes rifles the Spear [illegible]
of the flag did not remaining dull also no + after forgetting the Ladies
Waving Handkerchiefs and Flags making in all most glorious Sight‒We made till
about 11 Oclock PM about 10 miles where we encamped till morning when Revelee
was beaten and we again marched onward the weather being very hot and a great
deal of dust, but the monoty of the march was at once broken the distant
report of a cannon screaming only a mile or two ahead (The train of soldiers
I moving along with being the 9th Inda) [illegible] broke out in a cheer
broke out in a cheer which extended the whole line, resembling the savage
when he starts with a yell upon his prey The cannons booming still in the
distance The sky becoming very cloudy at last received a coat of Dark grey
when a rain & Storm followed some merely having Oil cloths to cover them In
the evening we camped in an open field after passing Gen Woods Division
encamped
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at 3 o’clock in the morning we where awakened layed on our arms untill
morning when we after taking our frugal meal on an Oil Cloth resumed our
march moving slow because our advanced skirmished the 6th Ky Reg being sent
in advance as skirmishers at last we crossed Salt River the river being so
low that our troops forded nearly without wetting themselves The Pike Bridge
over Salt river had been burnt only a short time ago by the rebels‒Through the
day we passed Mt Vernon On this side of Salt River we took possession of the
Hills and encamped for the night moved on again without anything of great
interest occuring. [illegible] The wells & Cisterns as usual suffred greatly
by the number of Cantines that where as usual in a hot day like this filled
This evening we encamped about sun down on the same Camp Ground that the
Rebels occupied only this morning ll miles from Bardstown. The Rebels
who had posession of this ground where all Cavalary and a great force
which we could tell by the ground being covered with husks of Corn and
stakes that when left standing besides passes that we found from
Forrest's Cavalry Texan Rangers and can also not forgetting a letter that I
also found from a young lady to her knight, speaking of some of her
friends as being a little weak in the knees. also telling him she would
write oftener but does not know where to direct them too. next morning
we again started early in the morning
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marched within one mile of Bardstown where we halted for rest. Meanwhile for
curiosity I traveled down this lane which wound its way into more and more
picturesque scenery untill we beheld rising above the beautifull foliage a
Castle (so it appeared I could hardly believe my eyes that realy it existed
or weather I was dreaming. The major & myself rode on) towards this sight,
when we where surprised to find ourselves in the Court entering a beautifull
Broad Gate passing closer we found it to be a nunery. we watered our horses
in the tank that appeared was placed there for that purpose dismounted and
surveyed the nuns church in the rear which represented more when we found
nons strolling in their white Caps and pale faces and And then further and we
saw a group of soldiers who had gone for water looking in the high and gothic
shaped windows giggling and laughing and enjoying themselves highly which
immediately drew our attention and the first thing I knew I found myself also
staring in the large window Into the large school room where about a hundred
of beautifull girls now pro-menading up down joking & laughing at the
soldiers as they, but to tell the truth I never beheld more beautifull girls
than I saw there In the evening we encamped about 2 miles this side of
Bardstown Camped all night marched all day to day about 16 miles.
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Camped again 7th Oct To day again we marched all day having a mighty mean
road appeared like walking in the bed of a stream. Water was scarce all day
at lO'oclock at night we camped sleeping with only an Oil cloth over us. To
day the 9th we started at 7 Oclock taking the road towards Perryville within
5 miles of the place we heard the that Bragg had made a stand we heard
Cannonading occasionaly moved up in double quick and where placed in line of
Battle about 4 miles from P. in a little woods about where Cpt. Carter also
was Company was pushed forward as Skirmishers. The scene was a glorious one
our army laying in line of Battle playing cards reading papers & Books joking
laughing and cursing now and then awhile bursting above us or passing over.
Water on this march from Bardstown was hardly to be gotten all springs where
nearly dry. We heard very heavy firing on our left but afterwards found that
McCooks & Gilberts forces had attaked the enemy and drove them. Slept again
without disturbance under open heaven with an oil Cloth Cover all night and
not forgetting to say no blanket and Corn Shoks below us. Today we skirmished
and advanced in line of Battle to Perryville and found it evacuated. In the
evening Col Blake Cotton and myself went out to view the Battlefield which
was a sight that I have not the power to express we where also at the
Hospital where about 200 wounded where lying suffering some crying Oh Mother
Oh! Doctor Oh! give me some water, enough to make any one feel the terror of
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this war we encamped again under a large tree with but a Blanket over us In
the morning I made a sketch of the Battle at Perryville & the town of
Perryville in about 3 hours & sent them to be mailed at Louisville by our
sutler of the 9th Indiana about noon it commenced raining as we where on the
march to Salt River being only a distance of 3 miles from Perryville arriving
at our camp we where at once ordered out as pickets we stationed our pickets,
had quite a [illegible] skirmish with the Rebels and they being in sight our
pickets where in sight of them all night Still it was raining the sky was
black only at the Horizon was a light Bloody streak of light to be seen we
built with rails in the corner of a [illegible]fence near a large hay stak a
little den which we covered with straw and crawled into our horses we had
tied close by saddled and bridled. Slept very comfortable although it rained
all night and was cold. To day we namely the 9th Indiana Ky were ordered to
advance as skirmishers to Bardstown We advanced only a short distance when
the Rebel opened a brisk fire our skirmishers returned the fire bravely we
drove them untill fighting through Danville The citizens not at all
frightened waved the Union Flags & Handkerchiefs while the Bullets were
flying [illegible] The reception was grand People where so overjoyed that
they stopped our horses and force forced us shake hands before we passed in
the evening we returned to our old Camp where we rested well all night being
rather cold. To day we where on the march all day towards Dick Robinson where
the Enemy were in force camped near our old camp all night To day we rested
all morning in the afternoon
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we advanced our Camp within 2 miles of Danville about 4 Oclock Col. Blake &
Capt. Carter Mann & Risley & myself went rode to Danville where we purchased
different things visited (Hospitals of secessionists) & returned In the
evening after supper I rode with the Col to his Brothers Reg In Woods Div
Slept all night without disturbance Today we passed through Danville on our
way toward which we marched camped on the outskirts of town all night(as
Reserve Pikets) To day we marched towards Crab Orchard we where awakened at l
O clock in the morning marched till 4 took Breakfast on the Road reached our
destiny about 18 miles, heard cannonading all day‒To day we had the advance
position next to the 6th Ky when out as skirmishers. In the morning I saw the
Rebels in the distance in line of Battle that is in the valey below the
Scenery here was beautiful and mountainous, the Roads winding The 6th Ky as I
said before skirmished when Seeing the enemy drawn up in line, halted we
placed our Cannons in position and, threw a few shell amongst them which
scattered them immediately the skirmishers advanced in cautiosly when they
where received by a volley of the enemys Lead The 6th Brave as Lyons returned
the reception sent [illegible] altogether with rifles but with a mixture of a
shell or canister The skirmish became fierce The Rebels at last gave way one
on our side was killed some prisoners where taken at noon the ninth Indiana
skirmished they doing the work neater Col Turman with a few men flanked them
and came upon them before they expected it He captured a Captain and some
other Secessionist Cavalry [illegible] We pursued
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them till evening their force was about 2000 Cavalry & one Battery we cam-
pped in Rock Castle River to night To day 17th Oct we only advanced a short
distance where we halted and encamped at Wild Cat the same place known where
Shift Fought. The scenery here is so beautiful and picturesque that my feeble
thoughts and language cannot express. Lofty & high Hills with beautifull
Cliffs, nearly upright now and then sprinkled with a spot of Beautifull
foliage. There also remain the fortification some of earth and others of
timber of felled trees also immense [illegible] I must by no means to mention
the great distance that you can see by ascending the main Hill commanding all
surrounding fortifications they being over l5O foot High‒ Here we halted and
rested all night, the night being very cold and consequently did not sleep
very sound (Col Blake Capt. Carter and myself slept together we slept on the
side of the hill and I crowded Capt Carter badly as he slept at the lower end
of the hill) 18th Today we where ordered (9th Ind) to reconnoiter the enemys
position in advance some 4 miles which we did skirmishing with the Rebel
pikets all day 2 shots where fired at me one while I was standing with Capt.
Risley and the other while I went in open view to see them they being hid on
behind felled trees across the road on a promenance our skirmishers shot a
Lieut Napier in the eye of the 3rd Georgia Cavalry he was taken in a Blanket
to a log house 2) house 1) log where his wounds was dressed by Dr Gillmon.
his note Book was given in my possesion and I examined it finding his will
and $6.75 in Confederate Scrip which I delivered in Hed. Qrs. Slept well all
night 19 Today we where again on the march stopping often occassioned by the
trees felled on the road by the rebels In the afternoon we stopped in the
road as usual by delay when In the
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distance I perceived a log House and a crowd of the 9th standing and
encircling the front of the House I for curiosity dismounted and advanced
also gazing, was surprised to find a Beautifull Blue eyed girl staring at me
now and then also laughing turning around to the other girls talking——(I
judged they that thought they knew me) but our pleasure of asking them
questions about the rebels was soon disturbed by the Bugle sound of ‘forward’
The soldiers fell in the ranks and marched I lingered behind but moved ahead
slowly when one of the men still standing called to me I advanced A women
standing there said (In the language of the mountain regions) "Thems girls
thunk they knew you" They then asked whether I had been down this way before
I told them no They thought I was a Telegraph Operator and invited me to come
and see them to night if convenient that is if we did not camp far, which I
was perfect willing In the evening I had no time as the rebels remained
within a short distance from Our camp we where allowed to build fires when
about 8 P.M. a rebell cannon ball was fired came wizing into our camp passed
only a ˄ few feet above Hed. Qrs. A log house (deserted) we stayed in fires
where immediately distingtushed so that they could not get range of the
camp‒To day I had my horse saddled and started back to see those girls with
whom I had a pleasant time and will a lot time [illegible] For fear of the
Rebels they hid their furniture in the woods I politely offered my assistance
to bring forward those things I was received we marched through the yard over
the fence in a winding path Crowded by Underbrush of Pine so that you could
not see 10 steps ahead then passed into a road also in the depth of the
forest. I always keeping a sharp lookout with Carbine in hand. While moving
cautiously along I noticed some secession Biscuits on the ground. I halted
and said I to her I suppose you are not leading me into a trap. There were
secession troops here says I. Yes. says she only yesterday
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their pikets where here before you came we took a rest on my shawl
packed the horse with flour Blankets & &c I returned where I left for camp found camp
had been moved about 2 miles ahead to the Cross Roads the rest of this day I drew a
pictures for Harpers Weekly called Buells army on the march slept well all night—- To
day we moved back to Rock Castle River some 12 miles Here we stayed one day In the
morning soldiers where washing their clothes & themselves. To day we marched back to
Mt. Vernon & stayed the rest of the day within 3 miles this side of Mt. Vernon on the
way to Sommerset. 25 To day‒About noon I rode ahead to get an interview with Genl
Smith followd him about 8 miles when I found him stopping at a log house I presented
my letters from Col. Blake, made a sketch of the General, he handing me his Biography
so we parted he treating me with the greatest respect The sky was dark casting a
gloomy look over the country The weather becoming perceptible colder. I met the 9th a
short time I left Gen Smith we [illegible] marched some 3 miles further camped in the
woods when it began to Hail and then change into a sleety snow & rain and wound up by
a good snow Col. Blake Capt Carter & myself stopped at a house all night & slept in a
bed. The only jealousy I felt was that the owner of this house an old mean looking
"cuss" had a young good looking wife 26 To day or this morning we found everything
coated in a white sheet of snow 8 inches deep The trees and limbs where bending
towards the ground from the weight of the snow The leaves still where still green some
red as you are used to see them in fall. The effect was beautifull but very cold‒To
day we marched 15 miles to wards Sommerset Ky which I troop made without a halt the
march was a trying thing mud up to the knee and freezing, forward we marched through a
kind of stew (compared only by a brown Ice cream), we at last reached Sommerset about
evening nearly froze to death where we went to camp South of S. we cleared the snow
had our darkies bring wood and started in a short time a krakling fire spread our
Blankets and pushed our feet towards the fire & [illegible] rested here for the night
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27 To day the Col. Blake furnished me with sufficient papers to see Gov O. P.
Morton of Indiana and other persons of note I had my horse saddled and so had
Capt. Carter & his boy Davy after diner giving Col Blake farewell we started
on our journey towards Lebanon a distance over 60 miles but before leaving
I made a sketch of Somm-erset We passed through S. and trotted leasurely
away on our journey the roads where not very good being mostly cordouroyed
evening shortly overtook us the evening began to get cold we left S. 10 miles
in our rear halted before a farm house and inquired for lodging. The dogs
barked furiously and at last a man was seen at the gate He had no place to
accomodate us but directed us to his neighbours Yong. which place we soon
found and gained admittance (I must surely not forgett [illegible] a
ridiculous thing that occured in the afternoon and which cost me a great deal
of physical pain. In short we got [illegible] Davy to climb a psimon tree
that stood in our way and ate a few of [illegible] them to many I slept well
all night except throwing up occasionally caused by Psimons‒28 This morning we
got Breakfast very early where I could not help noticing a beautifull blond
(blond) girl we payed our Bill 3.00 and started upon our journey cutting
across through a byroad to B[illegible] and thrice taking a mud road to
Liberty at which place we took dinner had our horses fed started over a high
knob and then having a ridge road for 10 miles and no town to be found and so
we had to push our way onward through the gloomy woods now & then a little
moonshine forcing its way through the thiket as I said before we could find
no house at last we again descendet another steep knob and a
distance of about 9 miles from Liberty we found a house. I dismounted let
Davy hold my horse and knoked for admittance which was soon
given to me I stood in the doorway as I saw a lady
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sitting at a large hearth and asked for permission for me and my friends to
stay When the a voice I could not see from which exclaimed‒Come in and lets
see who you are I advanced. When I beheld saw and old red faced
fa[illegible]ced Grey Headed man. he said what are you I spoke boldly a Union
man Sir! who are those with you. I said also men belonging to the U.S. army
who‒when he immediately gave us shelter. for he would not have a secessionist
stay near him we stayed rested in a good feather bead and a good fire near us
all night This being a great luxury after a short campaign 29 This morning
after we and our horses had been fed we started on having a distance of about
20 miles to go, mostly Pike. We also on the road met Union house guards
occosi-nally who where very happy to see us, one I will especially mention he
was an odd looking character dressed in our old (grey) uniform We asked him
quite a number of questions in regard to Guerillas, one being whether he had
any fear if they would come. No said he speaking in a musical tone changing
from base to treble I've got‒a mighty good musket and 40 rounds for them And
many more things he mentioned which I consider to vulgar to state for I dont
know in whose hands this book may yet fall. After following the winding road
crossing & recrossing Valin River we at last arrived at Lebanon about 2 In
the afternoon
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Notes
Immagination is more
than ˄one half of Realization
My earnest A new
A style of portrait I
shall adopt either to paint
[illegible]th be more effective than
others or more odd
Is [illegible] this to produce this
by a dull & opake
Back ground‒
which shall make
the colours of the
face appear more
bright__Now the
task is to find this N
tint for the Bakground,
which I shall make
my study from the time
of this thought 18 Jan 63 sick
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[Blank – page torn at top]
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[Blank – page torn at top]
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[illegible; perhaps in German]
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[Sketch of streetscape of Danville]
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Surrels ‒P 2000
Fagan ‒ 2000
Scott P 2000
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Untermahling
illegible
Boneblack Cadmium
& ultramarine of something
______________ a little Indian yellow
Middletone
Green Tinoben Cadmium
& Ultramarine
Ainnefleses
Blue Black & White
Dark green & Red
Vermillion
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[Blank]
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Pd 35ˎ00
Frame 1000
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Wiswett Satoo 50ˎ00 & Outpost 2000
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o’er Juanita Soft onthe mountain Lingering falls the Southern moon Bright on the fountain Brake the day too soon. Breaks
In thy dark eye‘s splendor Where the warm light loves to dwell Weary looks yet tender Speak thy fond farewell
Nita, Juanita, let us never never part Nita, Juanita, Lean thou on my heart.
II
When in thy dreaming Moons like this shall shine again And day light beaming Prove thy dreams are vain Wilt thou not relenting For thine absent lover sigh In thy soul consenting To his prayer gone by Nita Juanita Let me linger by thy
side‒ Nita Juanita be my own fair bride
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[Blank]
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Theo. R. Davis Care Capt Leo Brown Iron Clad Indianola
Miss River Flotilla‒
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[Blank]
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Sophia Smith London Ky
John Brandon Paid 30ˎ00 Make a deduction if necessary From the 70,00
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Beautifull View 8 miles this side of Rich mountain near kittles farm Looking down tje Valley of [illegible]gers
River ‒‒‒
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6x Gov Wright of Indiana Moses Marks & Lady
22+27 --- $50ˎ00 Franklin 5 pictures
20 + 24 ‒‒‒ $100.00 Stromberg‒3,000 25 + 30‒ Pd Sam Marks $22 ½ Leo Marks & wife 20 -24 $45.00 Louchhan & wife 22 x 2 5000 Guy Scott -- $2000
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Come all ye sons of freedom And join our Southern band Were going to fight the enemy And drive them from our land Justice is our motto And providence our guide Jump into the wagon And we’ll all take a ride -Chorus-wait for the wagon
The dissolution wagon The south is our wagon And well all take a ride
Secession is our watch word Our rights are all demand And to defend our firesides We pledge our hearts and hand Jeff Davis is our president With Stephens by his side And Beauregard our general Well join us in the ride
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[Pencil drawing of bearded figure and setting]
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Texas & Florida are also no the ring My would nt have a government Where cotton was king Miss Alabama & Louisiana Have by long since replied And we’ll all take a side Missouri North Carolina and Arkansas are slow They will have to hurry or we’ll have to leave them And where will they go? Theres old Kentucky and Mary
-land Each about make thier Mind So I reckon after all Will have to take them
up behind
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Col Davis potted me other and You the know what is in Got to lg the rebel Our cause is just & holy Our men are brave & true To whip the Lincoln cut- throats Is all we have to do God bless our whole army In them we all confide Jump into the wagons And we’ll all take a ride
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Capt. W Cooper Nelson about 50 feet behind Left with rear of Capt. Buell & Staff on The right (the Captain's Horse) Bay horse 4 white Legs Bald face ½ size Whole ginger
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Gen Nel walked Privey & back — Struck Jeff Davis of a question put to him on
fire right side of the Neck God drn him I guess he dont know who I am‒he asked
Gibson whether he had a weapon Gov Morton, Gen Nelson replyed (he would
remember not) Nelson struck him Davis took an attitude just if he intended to
strike Nelson afterwards Davis tried to walk past where Nelson again struck
him on the left cheek when [illegible] Davis said this shall not end yet
occured about 9 O'clock
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Gov Nelson stept to Gov and asked him did you come to wittness this insult to
me. Sir I was asked standing here to see what —— was said -— Nel then walked
to west end of the room through tin door Davis walked off appeared to be
walking from Gibson who was in the east end of the room Davis passed out of
the room to go to the door I observed he had a pistol in his right hand he
passed out to the right and I immedietely heard the pistol I heard a struggle
in the Hall and immediatly Jeff Davis appeared holding Jeff Davis illegible
get held by an Officer who afterwards they were parted when someday send
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9th Ind Capt Carter $2,00 “ Madden (cash) 1600 100 1000 Paid “ S[h]erman 10.00
Col. Blake Cash 16,00 “ Hazen Act. Brig 600 $1,00
6th Ky. Major Shackleford(cash) 16 00 “ in pictures 185 00 6th P. Battery Capt Bradley 40 50 Due to Ferguson 2 75 Ballance 37 50
2. 251 50
3 2 6 4 1 1 7.5 Troop fording – Scene in [illegible] Hay stack moving by s 4 l d 3 2 [r] s 6 2 m t r n z 3 2 c 2 B 5 2 1 1 2 l r m 6 4 n th2 m l r c h
Out f 4 r ‒ th 2 ‒ n 3 g h t Distributing Mail‒ Servants 2 Officers 2 Cooks mounted The first snow of the Season snow
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PBGYC Crimson P 2 r s 4 n s w 3 oh 3 ny th 23 K P4rlr13t pld 3n (2d P.E. Vansent Capt LL 16th Street Rail Road Louisville Ky _____________________ 594 Main Street New Albany Opposite Louisville Mr Covington ______________________
Lent 50 copies Jealous To Nickerson Laporte Ind ______________________ A Geiter near Chiset No 624 Ben Marks ______________________ Mr. A. Samuelson Friends of Benzinger ______________________ Leyt Charles Young furnish 3 pictures ______________________ Stromberg portraits 25 x 30 [illegible]