healthy heart beats right!!!

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Presentation by: Affay Ellis HEALTHY HEART BEATS RIGHT!!!

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HEALTHY HEART BEATS RIGHT!!! . Presentation by: Affay Ellis. The Heart. Objectives. Explore various meaning of the heart. Understand and illustrate the location and function of the heart. List a number of test used to assess the heart’s function - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: HEALTHY HEART BEATS RIGHT!!!

Presentation by: Affay Ellis

HEALTHY HEART BEATS RIGHT!!!

Page 2: HEALTHY HEART BEATS RIGHT!!!

The Heart

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Objectives• Explore various meaning of the heart.• Understand and illustrate the location and function of

the heart.• List a number of test used to assess the heart’s

function• Describe four different types of diseases that affect

the heart.• State foods and their benefits on the heart.• Give healthy heart tips.

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Definition of the Heart• A hallow muscular organ which by rhythmic

contractions and relaxations keeps the blood in circulation throughout the body.(American College Dictionary)

• This organ is considered the seat of life or vital powers, or of thought, feeling or emotion: to die of a broken heart.

• The seat of emotions and affections (often in contrast to the head as the seat of intellect): to win a persons heart.

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The Holy Bible Defines the Heart

• The center of physical working of the body, that on which life depends(1King 21:7,Acts 14:17)

• It is spoken of as the seat of emotion, such as joy and sorrow(Is 65:14),fear( Ps143:4),hate (Lev 19:17), Love(1 Tim 1:5).

• When a person turns away from God, it is his heart that is hardened (Is 63:17).

• If one opens his Heart to Christ, it can be the dwelling place of Christ (Eph 3:17) and the Holy Spirit (2Cor 1:22).

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The Heart’s Location

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The Heart’s Location• Located just behind and

slightly left of the breast bone.

• It is relatively small about the size of your closed fist. Measuring 12cm(5in.)long and 9cm(3.5in) wide at its broadest point and 6cm(2.5in)thick.

• It lays between the lung and is protected by the ribs.

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The Heart• The heart weighs less

than a pound.• Yet pumps 5 quarts of

blood along a 60,000 miles of blood vessel at a rate of 70 beats a minute.

• The human heart beats about 100,000 times for the day.(Betty Wedman)

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The Heart• The heart is one of the main organ

along with the blood vessels(arteries, veins and capillaries) that make up the Cardiovascular System.

• The respiratory system and the cardiovascular system are closely linked.

• They are dependent on each other to deliver oxygen to the body.

• A defect in either system can affect the other and lead to tissue hypoxia, or lack of oxygen.

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Blood flows within the Heart• Blood Circulation in th Heart

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Blood Flows• The heart pumps blood from

the right and left sides: • The right side pumps blood

to the lungs, where it is oxygenated before returning to the left side of the heart.

• The left side pumps the oxygenated blood to the peripheral tissues through systemic arteries.

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Blood Flows• After supplying nutrients

and collecting wastes. The blood returns through the veins to the right side of the heart, where the cycle begins again.

• Contraction of the chambers is termed systole; relaxation is termed diastole.

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Blood flows in the body

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Blood-flow within the body

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Test Used to Assess the Heart• Lipids: This is a blood

test done which is used to measure cholesterol level in the blood.

• Electrocardiogram (ECG):is a diagnostic tool that is routinely used to assess the electrical and muscular functions of the heart

• (ECG)-measure the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat, as well as provide indirect evidence of blood flow to the heart muscle.

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Test Used to Assess the Heart• Chest X-ray: An x-ray

of the thorax can illustrate the contours, placement and chambers of the heart.

• Computed tomography (CT) scan: this is done to determine the quantity of calcium deposits in the coronary artery

• Echocardiogram: it is use to record the direction and flow of blood through the heart in audio and graphic data.

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI):used to identify and locate areas of myocardial infarction(dead tissues in heart)

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Some Diseases that Affect the Heart

• High Blood Pressure• High Cholesterol• Atherosclerosis• Angina• Heart Attack• Heart Failure• Stress cardiomyopathy

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High Blood Pressure(Hypertension)

• “Blood Pressure” is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood.

• Therefore if the pressure rises and stays high over time it can damage the body in many ways. Thus the term High Blood Pressure.

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High Blood Pressure(Hypertension)

• Causes• Hardening of the arteries• Reduction of the arteries (results from eating fatty

food).• Too much salt in the diet.• Stress• Inherited (Hereditary)• Certain drugs including oral contraceptives

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High Blood Pressure(Hypertension)

• Signs and Symptoms• Most time hypertension has no sign or

symptom hence is termed “the silent killer”.• However, if you are experiencing headache,

dizziness and blurred vision this may be an indication for elevated blood pressure.

• BP measuring ≤140/90mmHg on more than two times.

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High Blood Pressure(Hypertension)

• Treatment• Life style modification:o Lose weighto Limit alcohol intake.o Get regular aerobic exerciseo Cut your salt intake.o Stop smoking

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High Blood Pressure(Hypertension)

• Treatment continueso Reduce caffeine intake• Antihypertensive medications• Frequent monitoring.

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High Cholesterol• What is Cholesterol?• Is a waxy substance produced by the liver.• It can also be supplied in diet through animal

products such as meats, poultry, seafood and dairy products.

• It is used in the body to insulate nerves, make cell membrane and produce certain hormone.

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High Cholesterol• Types of CholesterolHigh density lipoprotein (HDL) Considered as the “good cholesterol”, because it

removes the bad cholesterol from the body. HDL carries cholesterol from the arteries to the liver

which gets rid of it. Having a high level of HDL cholesterol reduces the

chance of heart disease.

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High Cholesterol• Types of CholesterolLow density lipoprotein (LDL) Is the “bad cholesterol”, because it can cause atherosclerosis

(formation of fatty deposits in the arteries). Fatty deposit of LDL is called plaque. This plaque attaches to wall of blood vessels, making them

narrow over time. The fatty deposit clogs up blood flow which can lead to heart

attack and other heart problems.

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High Cholesterol• Types of CholesterolTriglycerides These are the third kind of fat in the blood If the levels of triglycerides are too high in the

blood it can causes heart problems.

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High Cholesterol• Risk Factors• High-fat, high cholesterol diet.• Being over weight- increases triglycerides and lower

good cholesterol.• Lack of physical activity may increase “bad”

cholesterol and lower “good” cholesterol.• Age and gender.• Health diseases such as kidney and liver disease,

diabetes or an over active thyroid.• Your family history

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High Cholesterol• Foods that are high in Cholesterol• Meat• Egg yolk• Organ meats such as liver and kidney.• Dairy products such as milk and cheese.

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High Cholesterol

• High cholesterol is the leading cause of heart disease.• Excess in the blood stream cause plaque on artery

walls.• Plaques may build up and causing the arteries to

become thicker, harder and less flexible, slowing down or sometime blocking blood flow to the heart.

• When blood flow is restricted, chest pain or angina can result.

• When blood flow to the heart is severely impaired or stops completely, a heart attack can result.

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Heart Attack• Known as Myocardial Infarction (MI).• Occurs when one or more region of the heart muscle

experience severe and prolong decreased in oxygen supply because of insufficient coronary blood flow.

• The affected muscle tissue subsequently becomes necrotic.• In most cases a typical heart attack occurs due to blockages in

the coronary arteries that stop blood flow and cause heart cells to die, leading to irreversible damage.

• Onsets of MI maybe sudden or gradual• Chest pain, shortness of breath, low blood pressure and even

congestive heart failure can occur.

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Heart Attack• Signs of a Heart Attack• Chest pain• Anxiety• Diaphoresis(excess sweating)• Cool clammy skin• Hypertension/hypotension• Bradycardia or tachycardia (low/rapid heart beat)• Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)• Disorientation, confusion, restlessness• Marked weakness, nausea, vomiting, and hiccups.

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Broken Heart Syndrome• Also known as stress cardiomyopathy is

basically a "temporary" heart attack that occurs due to stress.

• The symptoms of broken heart syndrome are very similar to those of a typical heart attack. A person may experience chest pain, shortness of breath, low blood pressure and even congestive heart failure. There are some important differences, however.

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Broken Heart Syndrome• The symptoms occur shortly after an

extremely stressful event, such as a death in the family, serious financial loss, extreme anger, domestic abuse, a serious medical diagnosis, or a car accident or other trauma.

• This stress and the subsequent release of stress hormones are thought to "stun" or "shock" the heart, leading to sudden heart muscle weakness.

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Broken Heart Syndrome• This condition can be life-threatening and

requires immediate medical attention, however it is often a temporary condition that leaves no permanent damage.

• But people with broken heart syndrome often have normal arteries without significant blockages.

• The heart recover when you get over the stress.

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Effect of Stress on the HeartHow your heart is affected by stress• Stress affects your cardiovascular system in several ways:• 1. Heart rate increases.• 2. The rate of blood flow speeds up, increasing blood

pressure.• 3. The release of fatty acids into the bloodstream for

energy increases cholesterol and triglyceride levels.• 4. Under chronic stress, the continued release of cortisol

seems to have some effect on where fat is deposited in the body, most often in the abdomen.

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Effect of Stress on the Heart• The effect of chronic stress on your heart• Over time, the physiological reactions to stress can take a toll on your

cardiovascular system:• 1. Due to an increased heart rate, it's possible that your heart could

take on an abnormal heart rhythm or you could have problems with the heart muscle itself.

• 2. Due to the increase in blood pressure, your cardiovascular system can have all of the usual associated problems with hypertension including increased risk for heart disease and stroke.

• 3. Due to the increase in cholesterol and triglycerides in your bloodstream, there is potential for your arteries to thicken with plaque over time, which could lead to coronary artery disease or heart attack.

• 4. The deposit of fat in the abdomen, leading to an “apple” shape, is a marker of metabolic syndrome and is considered a risk factor for heart disease.

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Healthy Heart Foods• Oatmeal • It contains omega-3

fatty acids folate, and potassium.

• This fiber-rich super food can lower levels of LDL (or bad) cholesterol and help keep arteries clear.

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Healthy Heart Foods• Legumes• Packed with omega-3

fatty acid.• Calcium • Soluble fibers

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Healthy Heart Foods• Green Leafy

Vegetables• Helps keep your heart in

top shape.• It contains lutein, folate,

potassium and fiber.

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Healthy Heart Foods• Flaxseed• Full of fiber• Contains omega-3 and

omega-6 fatty acid.• A little sprinkle of

flaxseed can go a long way for your heart.

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Healthy Heart Foods• Soy beans• Helps lower cholesterol

since it is low in saturated fat.

• Is a great source of lean protein in a heart healthy diet.

• Other forms of soy are tofu, veggie-chunks, veggie burger, etc.

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Healthy Heart Foods• Salmon• Super rich in omega-3 fatty

acid.• Can effectively reduce

blood pressure and keep clotting at bay.

• Helps reduce the risk of heart attack.

• Other great source are tuna, sardine, mackerel, etc.

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Healthy Heart Foods• Avocado• Good source of heart

healthy fat (monounsaturated fat).

• It helps lower your LDL levels while raising the amount of HDL cholesterol in your body.

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Healthy Heart Foods• Olive oil• Full of monounsaturated

fats, olive oil lowers bad LDL cholesterol and reduces your risk of developing heart disease.

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Healthy Heart Foods• Results from the Seven Countries

Study, which looked at cardiovascular disease incidences across the globe, showed that while men in Crete had a predisposition for high cholesterol levels, relatively few died of heart disease because their diet focused on heart-healthy fats found in olive oil. Look for extra-virgin or virgin varieties—they're the least processed—and use them instead of butter when cooking.

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Healthy Heart Foods• Nuts• Nuts such as wall nuts

almonds are full of omega-3 fatty acid.

• Loaded with mono- and polyunsaturated fat.

• Nuts increase fiber in the diet.

• Like olive oil they are great source of heart healthy fat.

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Healthy Heart Foods• Berries• Blueberries, raspberries,

strawberries—whatever berry you like best…

• They are full of anti-inflammatories, which reduce your risk of heart disease and cancer.

• All berries are great for your vascular health.

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Healthy Heart Foods• Cherries• Are packed with

anthocyanin, an antioxidant believed to protect the blood vessels.

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Healthy Heart Foods• Orange• This sweet juicy fruit

contains the cholesterol fighting fiber pectin.

• Also has potassium which helps control blood pressure.

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Healthy Heart Foods• Sweet Potatoes• Contains ample fiber,

vitamin A, and lycopene add to their heart healthy profile.

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Tips to a Healthy Heart• Eat a variety of fresh fruits and vegetable; whole

grain breads and cereals; low fat dairy products; lean meats poultry and fish.

• Achieve and maintain your ideal body weight through watching food portions eaten and adequate physical exercise.

• Eat foods with adequate fiber to reduce cholesterol• Avoid high fat and high saturated fat foods through

limiting red meat meals, eggs, butter, etc.• Avoid salt and high sodium foods

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Tips to a Healthy Heart• Limit alcohol consumption because alcohol increases

fat absorption in the gastrointestinal system and reduces fat digestion, causing increased amounts of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.

• Avoid stressors and learn to deal with stresses positively.

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References• Jess Stein, The American College Dictionary, Random House,

New York(1969)• G. J. Tortora & B. Derrickson, Principle of Anatomy and

Physiology ,John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2007)• P. LeMone & K. Burke, Medical-Surgical Nursing, Critical

Thinking in Client Care.(2008)