health promotion
TRANSCRIPT
Lubna Mohammad Samar faraaj
Health promotion
Health promotion
“is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health” (Ottawa Charter ’86)
“involves the facilitation of skills in individuals and change in environments which impact positively on health” (VicHealth 2005)
“is everyone’s business” (CEO DHCS 2004)
What is health ?• Health is a dynamic state of complete physical, mental,
• spiritual and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• (WHO 1998)
Health promotion or education ?
• Health promotion is a broad umbrella that encompasses :
• political action to change political policies • Responsibilities of employer's toward their
employees health Etc. Most people knows at least the basics that keeps
them in good health but for unknown reasons they adapt unhealthy life styles
Health promotion or education ?
• Health education involves providing info.. For different individuals for example :
Young\elder people Heavy\occasional drinkers Pregnant\baring age women etc….
• Health education has been classified into three types:
I. Education about body and how to look afterII. How to access and to use health informationIII. Education about national and regional policies
Health education classification
• Primary health education : Directed toward healthy people and aims to prevent
illness and to raise health status • Secondary health education: Directed toward ill people and aims to prevent
progression toward chronic state and to restore the patient former statue ex: stopping smoking ; changing eating habits
• Tartary health education : Concerns with educating people and their relatives and
carers how to make the most of the remaining potential for healthy living . Ex: providing patient with info about side effects of drugs and how to deal with
Health promotion goals:
• Give people appropriate education and information to make choices
• Enable people to examine these informed choices• Help people to develop the skills to analyze and
recognize alternative choices • Empower people to be able to make informed
decisions about their health
Stages in changing health behavior
• Precontemplation stage : At this stage people can either have no awareness
that they need to change their actions or they do not accept to change
• Contemplation stage : Individuals becoming positively motivated toward
healthy changes• Commitment stage: Individuals are (ready to change)• Action stage: Individuals starts to make changes
Continue….• Maintenance stage: Individuals will need to continue with the action
commenced in the previous stage at this time an individual may struggle with their self-imposed changes
• Relapse stage: Many individuals been through this stage and back to
their former behaviors but this isn't usually the end point as they might re-enter to the contemplation stage again
• Exit stage: When this stage is reached the individuals has changed
their behaviors in a way that they will not relapse the changed behavior becomes permanent
Health promotion and pharmacists
• Health promotion activities conducted by pharmacists have been divided into four separate and distinct categories:
I. Promoting health and will being (e.g. Nutrition's and physical activities)
II. Preventing illness (e.g. immunization)III. Identifying illness (e.g. detecting disease ) this
role is very definite role for community pharmacist
IV. The maintenance of health for those with chronic or potentially long term conditions (e.g. asthma ; HTN)
Why should pharmacist be involved in health promotion?
Uploading their code of ethics : (Pharmacist prime concern must be for the will being
of patients and public). RPS Their accessibility to the general pubic: In practical levels a 6 million visits are made to
community pharmacists per day Their knowledge base: Pharmacies don’t run appointment systems like other
HCP and they have a lot of data considering OTC medications and health status
Their place in primary care team Government initiative's include them
Health promotion activates in pharmacy.
• Beside promotional materials the main aim is to raise people awareness to the pharmacist as Source for professional advice.
• Health promotion materials : Leaflets: are the major provision . They are available from the
pharmacy ; clinics ; health promotion centers etc.. And should be displayed appropriately so that the public has easy access to it .
Yet the pharmacist is sufficiently close to be available to explain any thing that is not understood by the reader . Alternatively leaflets an be displayed near to relevant products e.g. sun screens. Pharmacist should be familiar with the contents of the leaflets and carefully select them to match his\her community demands and to make sure that its available in the suitable languages
• Books and pamphlets : They can be sold or provided by pharmacist to
their clients . Several community pharmacist have set up libraries for such books videos and pamphlets for use by public
• Non-written health promotional materials : Such materials include audiotapes videos and
smart phones apps , the internet as well some of these materials are especially designed for people with disabilities
Health promotion displays
• These include:o Window display (interactive communication [you ask and I will
answer method ] ) Window display make effective use for window space One study reported the use of WD to raise the awareness of emergency hormonal contraception and increased the demands for emergency hormonal contraception tests and information leaflets WD also could provide an info source that is not accessible for publics in their normal lives or of a sensitive nature e.g. andropause o Posters displayed in a good place inside the pharmacy o In store display By providing healthy life style products such as sugar free meds
and drinks or smoking cessation products
Health promotion activities in pharmacy • No smoking policy
If pharmacist are to be seen as a source of information on health promotion its important
that the pharmacy is seen as a good role model . Thus all pharmacists should have a no smoking
policy and be seen as an environment wish support healthy living
Health promotion activities in pharmacy • Social inclusion policy : Health and health promotion is for every one ,
irrespective of gender , age , ethnicity , social class , disabilities , health status , etc. thus pharmacies and their services should be for all . Ideally all pharmacist should have access for physically disabled people , mothers with prams , similarly pharmacies should be fitted with (loop systems ) for hearing problems
Health promotion activities in pharmacy • Consultation areas \ rooms : The discussion of health promotion topics with an
individual may raise sensitive issues that need to be conducted in private , if its not possible to provide a separate rooms the conversation should be held without over hearing and with out distraction
Topics for health promotion activity
Role of pharmacists in health promotion
• All pharmacist should encourage healthy behaviors and respond to those seeking medical advise .
• In order to provide good HP advice , pharmacists should have good communication skills and ideally, be able to detect at what stage in the cycle of change the patient is , so that the HP advice can be individualized to help the recipient
Opportunistic and patient driven opportunities
• Many of the current HP activities in the pharmacy are opportunistic or patient driven . These can be conveniently categorized as follows :
Sale for goods other than medicines :Community pharmacists sell many goods , which are not medicines but related directly or indirectly to health issues . Its possible for pharmacists to engage in verbal health advice with the purchaser or provide health promotion leaflets on related topics
Examples of HP opportunities when sales are made sale HP activities
sunglasses Leaflet on sun awareness
Children tooth paste Leaflet on oral health
Sliming foods Discussion on healthy eating and weight control
Diabetic chocolate Healthy eating leaflets
Opportunistic and patient driven opportunities
Sale of medicines:Sales of OTC medicines provide the opportunity for pharmacist to relate the purchase to some HP activity in the form of an advice on the use of medicine or the condition e.g. (a patient comes to the pharmacy to buy a laxative , could be provided with a leaflet about healthy eating ). Some pharmacists may feel that such activities
are intrusive on the individual . But the aim is always to help ( remember the code of ethics )
Educational interventions
• There are many examples in which pharmacist provide educational interventions to groups of individuals e.g. patients with DM , HL , CHD , HTN .
• Other pharmacists give regular talks to school- children , women groups and local self-help groups , on health promotional issues