headwater fish photo by crestwood high school, ohio

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Headwater Fish Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

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Page 1: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Headwater FishHeadwater Fish

Photo by Crestwood High School, OhioPhoto by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Page 2: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Many primary PHWH streams less than 1.0 sq. miles contain fish species that are Many primary PHWH streams less than 1.0 sq. miles contain fish species that are classified by Ohio EPA into one of two major categories:classified by Ohio EPA into one of two major categories:

Cold water adaptedCold water adapted1 (e.g. Central Mottled Sculpin) (e.g. Central Mottled Sculpin) Warm water adaptedWarm water adapted (e.g. Creek Chub) (e.g. Creek Chub)

Categories of Fish in PHWH Streams

Adapted
Changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose.
Page 3: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Well-balanced Well-balanced fish communities - less likely when watershed fish communities - less likely when watershed size falls below 1.0 sq. milesize falls below 1.0 sq. mile

Natural watersheds, zone of separation - where fish are rarely Natural watersheds, zone of separation - where fish are rarely or longer observed; amphibiousor longer observed; amphibious1 salamanders become the salamanders become the dominant vertebrate stream habitat predatorsdominant vertebrate stream habitat predators

Photo by Crestwood High School, OhioPhoto by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Amphibious
Living or able to live both on land and in water.
Page 4: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Sampling of Fish in PHWH Streams

Must be collected for at least 15 minutes through the 200 ft stream reach under investigation.

Record all species collected and their total numbers on the PHWH field form.

Voucher specimens should be collected for each species and preserved in a solution consisting of one part buffered formalin and nine parts water.

Photo by Bob HeathPhoto by Bob Heath

Page 5: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Voucher SpecimensVoucher Specimens Place a field tag in/on the jar which includes date, collector name,

county, township, and stream identification as listed on the PHWH field evaluation form.

Record in minutes the total time spent searching for fish.

Photo by Newbury High School, Ohio

Page 6: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Common Name (Scientific) Percent Occurrence Warmwater Coldwater

Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) 32.8 yes no

Bluntnose Minnow (Pimephales notatus) 19.4 yes no

Blacknose Dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) 10.4 yes no

Rainbow Darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) 7.5 yes no

Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) 4.5 yes no

Johnny Darter (Etheostoma nigrum) 4.5 yes no

Central Stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum) 4.5 yes no

Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) 2.9 yes no

Fantail Darter (Etheostoma flabellare) 2.9 yes no

Greenside Darter (Etheostoma blennioides) 2.9 yes no

White Sucker ( Catostomus commersonii) 2.9 yes no

Green Sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) 2.9 yes no

Redside Dace (Clinostomus elongatus) 1.5 no yes

Mottled Sculpin (Cottus bairdi) 1.5 no yes

Native Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis ) 1.5 no yes

Eastern Mudminnow (Umbra pygmaea) 1.5 yes no

Orangethroat Darter (Etheostoma spectabile) 1.5 yes no

Fish species expected to occur in PHWH streams but not observed during 1999 and 2000 surveys

Creek Chubsucker (Erimyzon oblongus) - yes no

Southern Redbelly Dace (Phoxinus erythrogaster) - yes no

Rosyside Dace (Clinostomus funduloides) - yes no

Silverjaw Minnow (Notropis buccatus) - yes no

Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) - yes no

Brook Stickleback (Culaea inconstans) - no yes

Page 7: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

The Fish Identification Database

http://www.wiscfish.org/fishid/ Select method under Identify Your Fish tab.

Taxonomic Key- dichotomous key1

Query System- specific features to narrow possible identifications in database

Individual species pages- photos and description Clicking on species name brings up photos Similar species- fish with similar features, sorted by

similarity Attribute2 details- description View all images- larger photos

Dichotomous key
An identification method using paired couplets describing mutually excusive characteristics to narrow down possiblilities until only one remains.
Attribute
A characteristic inherent in something.
Page 8: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Taxonomic Key

Given two descriptions and photos Select best fit for specimen Repeat until identification has been made Example-specimen has a forked tail

• Couplet- A. Forked tail

B. Rounded tail• Click on A and move on to next couplet

Page 9: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Query System

Given list of feature categories Snout shape, spines, tail shape, etc. Narrow possibilities using features of specimen

Example- specimen has forked tail and spots Click on tail shape at top, select forked at left Click on body patterning at top, select spots at left

Database produces 26 possibilities Can be narrowed further using more features

Page 10: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Ohio Department of Natural Resources

Ohio fish species A-Z Guide to Life History

Photo from : http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/tabid/17913/Default.as

Page 11: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Creek Chub

Defining Features- 1) Large terminal mouth1

2) Dark spot at anterior base2 of dorsal fin3

3) Small barbels sometimes present at the corner of

the upper and lower lips 4) 49-66 lateral line scales4

5) Color varies from solid dark brown, olive, silver, grayish brown, brown, or grayish on sides. Others with dark mottling and still others with a dark lateral stripe.

6) Typical adult size is 75-175 mm TL (3-7 in), with a

maximum of about 300 mm (12 in).

Terminal Mouth
Mouth that opens at anterior end of head with upper and lower jaws equal.
Anterior Base
The base of the fin closet the the head of the fish
Dorsal Fin
Fin on the fishes back, closest to its head
Lateral Line Scales
The pored scales of the lateral line between the upper end of the gill opening and the base of the caudal fin. The count of this series of scales is of value in the descriptions of fishes.
Page 12: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Bluntnose Minnow

Defining Features- 1) The snout is blunt and subterminal1, and the nearly

horizontal mouth extends to the front of the eye. 2) The dorsal scales are small and crowded between head

and dorsal fin relative to scales on the flanks.3) There are 7 anal fin2 rays.4) 40-44 lateral line scales, a lateral stripe, and a caudal3

spot. 5) Color olive or brownish, usually with a black lateral stripe,

sometimes missing in larger fish, yielding a solid color on flanks, grading to white or cream on the belly.

6) Typically 40-75 mm (1.5-3 in) TL; maximum reported about 110 mm (4.5 in).

Subterminal Mouth
Mouth posterior or below the tip of the snout. Sometimes also referred to as inferior mouth.
Anal Fin
Anal fin is a single fin on the midline of the lower or ventral surface of a fish. It is just before the tail and usually just behind the anus and urogenital openings.
caudal
Tail
Page 13: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Blacknose Dace

Defining Features- 1) Subterminal mouth with fleshy lips and inconspicuous

barbels at the corners.

2) No groove separating snout from lips, snout barely overhangs lips

3) 60-75 lateral line scales

4) Sides brown, dark olive, or dark silver with blotches and mottling, sometimes coalescing into a dark lateral

band about as wide as the eye. Cream or yellow-white on belly.

5) Typical adult size is 75-100 mm TL (3-4 in), with a maximum of 125 mm (5 in).

Page 14: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

Rainbow Darter

Defining Features- 1) Mouth terminal, horizontal, small teeth on jaws. No

barbels. 2) Cheeks naked, incomplete lateral line, brick red on anal fin 3) Slender body, spine on opercle1, anal fin smaller than

soft dorsal, no groove separates upper lip from

snout 4) Two anal spines 5) Back olive or brown with 3-11 dark saddles or blotches.

Sides mottled, usually also with 8-13 dark regular vertical bars. Belly cream. First dorsal, second

dorsal, and caudal with dark bands, other fins clear or with spotting.

6) Typically 35-65 mm (1.5-2.5 in) TL; maximum about 75

mm (3 in).

Opercle
Any one of the bony plates which support the gill covers of fishes; an opercular bone. In the location ususally thought of as the ear.
Page 15: Headwater Fish Photo by Crestwood High School, Ohio

GlossaryGlossary

Adapted – Changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose.Adapted – Changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose. Amphibious – Living or able to live both on land and in water.Amphibious – Living or able to live both on land and in water. Anal Fin- a single fin on the midline of the lower or ventral surface of a fish. It is just before the Anal Fin- a single fin on the midline of the lower or ventral surface of a fish. It is just before the

tail and usually just behind the anus and urogenital openings.tail and usually just behind the anus and urogenital openings. Anterior Base- The base of the fin closet the the head of the fishAnterior Base- The base of the fin closet the the head of the fish Attribute – A characteristic inherent in somethingAttribute – A characteristic inherent in something Caudal-TailCaudal-Tail Dichotomous key -- An identification method using paired couplets describing mutually excusive Dichotomous key -- An identification method using paired couplets describing mutually excusive

characteristics to narrow down possibilities until only one remains.characteristics to narrow down possibilities until only one remains. Dorsal Fin- Fin on the fishes back, closest to its headDorsal Fin- Fin on the fishes back, closest to its head Lateral Line Scales-The scales of the lateral line between the upper end of the gill opening and

the base of the caudal fin. The count of this series of scales is of value in the descriptions of fishes.

Opercle-Any one of the bony plates which support the gill covers of fishes; an opercular bone. In the location usually thought of as the ear.

Subterminal -Mouth posterior or below the tip of the snout. Sometimes also referred to as inferior Subterminal -Mouth posterior or below the tip of the snout. Sometimes also referred to as inferior mouthmouth..

Terminal- Mouth that opens at anterior end of head with upper and lower jaws equal.Terminal- Mouth that opens at anterior end of head with upper and lower jaws equal.