hazardous waste operations and emergency response

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY TRAININGFOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE STAFF

29 CFR 1910.120

HAZWOPERHAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONS

AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE

Labor

PARTS 1900 TO 1910

Revised as of Jan 1, 1995

29

NationalArchives

andRecords

Administration

1910.120Hazardous

WasteOperations

andEmergency Response

29CFR

COURSE OBJECTIVES

Provide Training to the Emergency Response Staff

Introduce HAZWOPER & Discuss Its Role in Today’s Industry.

Introduce Skills in the Recognition & Control of Occupational Hazards.

Introduce Emergency Response Techniques.

Define HAZWOPER.

BASIS FOR THIS COURSE DAILY EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS BY

THOUSANDS OF WORKERS

DAILY EXPOSURE TO NUMEROUS PHYSICAL HAZARDS

RESPONSE AND CONTAINMENT OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENTS MUST BE ADDRESSED

OSHA HAZWOPER STANDARD REQUIRES:

Establishment of a “HAZWOPER” program Training be conducted Hazards be assessed Hazards and precautions be explained Emergency Response Capability be Established

REGULATORY STANDARDTHE GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE

FEDERAL - 29 CFR 1903.1

EMPLOYERS MUST: Furnish a place of employment free of recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. Employers must comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.

OSHA ACT OF 1970

29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

1910 - GENERAL INDUSTRY

120 - HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE (HAZWOPER)

DANGER

EYE PROTECTIONREQUIRED BEYOND

THIS POINT

APPLICABLE REGULATIONS

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING:

THE USE OF EQUIPMENT. WHAT PPE IS NECESSARY. WHEN PPE IS NECESSARY. THE LIMITATIONS OF THE PPE. DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES. PROVIDE RETRAINING AS REQUIRED. CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT. CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. TRAIN ALL EMPLOYEES PRIOR TO JOB ASSIGNMENT.

JOBSAFETY

Level 1 First ResponderLevel 2 First Responder Operations LevelLevel 3 Hazardous Materials TechnicianLevel 4 Hazardous Materials SpecialistLevel 5 On-Scene Incident Commander

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS(Continued)

EMERGENCY RESPONSE STAFF

First Responder Awareness Operations Level 8 Hours Initial* Hazardous Materials Technician 24 Hours Initial* Hazardous Materials Specialist 24 Hours Initial* On-Scene Incident Commander 24 Hours Initial*

*Plus Competency at the previous level and annual refresher.



Level 1 = Witnesses or discovers a release of hazardous materials and who are trained to notify the proper authorities.

Level 2 = Responds to releases of hazardous substances in a defensive manner, without trying to stop the releases.

Level 3 = Responds aggressively to stop the release of hazardous substances.

Level 4 = Responds with and in support to HAZMAT technicians, but who have specific knowledge of various hazardous substances.

Level 5 = Assumes control of the incident scene beyond the first-responder awareness level



REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A:

CLOSE-CALL EVENT

PROGRAM RELATED INJURY

CHANGE IN JOB ASSIGNMENT

NEW HAZARD OR EQUIPMENT

NEW HAZARD CONTROL METHODS

FAILURE IN THE SAFETY PROCEDURES

REASON TO DOUBT EMPLOYEE PROFICIENCY

RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS

JOBSAFETY

PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

DEDICATION PERSONAL INTEREST MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

IMPLEMENTATION OF A HAZWOPER PROGRAM REQUIRES:

NOTE:

UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORT FROM THE WORK FORCEIS ESSENTIAL, WITHOUT IT THE PROGRAM WILL FAIL!

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS means a substance or material which has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to

HEALTH PROPERTY ENVIRONMENT

when transported in commerce.

DEFINITION

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES means a materialand its mixtures or solutions, that is regulated by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Protection ofEnvironment

PARTS 260 TO 299

Revised as of

Jan 1, 1995

40

NationalArchives

andRecords

Administration

DEFINITION

40CFR

HAZARDOUS WASTE means a material that is subject to the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest requirements of the EPA.

Protection ofEnvironment

PARTS 260 TO 299

Revised as of

Jan 1, 1995

40

NationalArchives

andRecords

Administration

DEFINITION

40CFR

CWA

MPRSA PWSA SDWA

CAA

WASTE

WASTE

HMTA

MANUFACTURER

OSHADEVELOPMENT

DISTRIBUTION

OSHA

USCG

FRA

FHWA

FAA

CPSA

FFDCA

OSHA

FIFRA

OSHA

CONSUMER PRODUCTS

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

TSCA

CAA

CWA

FIFRA

RCRAFHSA

SDWA

HMTA

MRAS

THE LIFE CYCLE OF A CHEMICALAND THE LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITIES

CAA - CLEAN AIR ACT

CWA - CLEAN WATER ACT

FAA - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

FHWA - FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATIONFRA - FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION

CPSA - CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT

FFDCA - FED, FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACTFHSA - FED, HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ACT

FIFRA - FED, INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT

HMTA - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TRANSPORTATION ACT


USCG - UNITED STATES COAST GUARD

MPRSA - MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH AND SANCTUARIES ACTOSHA - OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACTPPPA - POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT

PWSA - PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY ACT

RCRA - RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT

SDWA - SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT

TSCA - TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT


A solid waste is hazardous if it meets any one of the following conditions:

IGNITABILITY CORROSIVITY REACTIVITY EP TOXICITY A LISTED WASTE A MIXTURE (10% RULE) NOT EXCLUDED

A HAZARDOUS WASTE IS ...............

WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

IGNITABILITY - D001

CORROSIVITY - D002

REACTIVITY - D003REACTIVITY - D003

EP TOXICITY - D004EP TOXICITY - D004

5 LISTED WASTE

D General 261.20D Ignitability 261.21D Corrosivity 261.22D Reactivity 261.23D Toxicity 261.24F Non-Specific 261.31 (a)K Specific 261.32U Commercial Chemicals 261.33 (e)P Acutely 261.33 (f)

Ignitable Waste (I)Corrosive Waste (C)Reactive Waste (R)Reactive Waste (E)Acute Hazardous Waste (H)Toxic Waste (T)

THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS CODESARE USED TO INDICATE THE

ADMINISTRATORS BASIS FOR LISTINGTHE CLASSES OR TYPES OF WASTE:

OS

HA

CCUPATIONAL

AFETY

EALTH

CT Enacted in 1970 Amended Continuously Workplace Hazardous Substances

AZARDOUSHM

TACT

RANSPORTATION

ATERIAL

Enacted in 1970 Amended 1990 Transportation of Hazardous Materials

CA

A

LEAN

IR

CT

Enacted in 1970 Amended 1977 & 1990 Covers Hazardous air pollutants

EDERALFW

PC

ACT

ONTROL

OLLUTION

ATER

Enacted in 1972 Amended 1977 & 1990 Toxic pollutants; Hazardous Substances.

AFESD

WACT

ATER

RINKING

Enacted in 1974 Amended 1977 & 1990 Priority pollutants.

RC

RA

ESOURCES

ONSERVATION

ECOVERY

CT Enacted in 1976 Amended 1980 & 1984 Covers Solid and Hazardous Waste and Underground Tanks

TS

CA

OXIC

UBSTANCES

CONTROL

CT Enacted in 1976 Amended as needed Requires premarket evaluation of all new chemical substances other than food additives, drugs, pesticides, alcohol, and tobacco.

C

A

OMPENSATION

ER

CL

CT

IABILITY

OMPENSATION

ESPONSE

NVIRONMENTAL

SUPERFUND Enacted in 1980 Amended 1986 Cleanup of sites where Hazardous substances are improperly disposed.

UPERFUNDSA

RCT

EAUTHORIZATION

MENDMENTS

A Enacted in 1986 Cleanup of sites where Hazardous substances are improperly disposed. Adds right to know provision

RIGHTTO

KNOW

29 CFR 1910.120

1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response covers the followingoperations, unless the employer can demonstrate that the operations does not involve employee exposure or the reasonablepossibility for employee exposure to safety orhealth hazards:

Clean-up operations required by a government body Corrective Actions covered by RCRA Voluntary clean-up operations Operations involving hazardous waste (TSD) Emergency response operations for releases

1910.120 DEFINITIONS

BUDDY SYSTEM - means a system of organizing employeesinto work groups in such a manner that each employee of the workgroup is designated to be observed by at least one other employeein the work group. The purpose of the buddy system is to providerapid assistance to employees in the event of an emergency.

CLEAN-UP OPERATIONS - means an operation where hazardoussubstances are removed, contained, incinerated, neutralized, stabilized, cleared-up, or in any other manner processes or handled with the ultimate goal of making the site safer for people or the environment.


DECONTAMINATION - means the removal of hazardous substances from employees and their equipment to the extent necessary to preclude the occurrence of foreseeable adverse health affects.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE - means a response effort by employees from outside the immediate release area or by other designated responder to an occurrence which results, or is likely toresult, in an uncontrolled releases of a hazardous substance.


FACILITY - means (a) any building, structure, installation, equipment, pipe or pipeline, well, pit, pond, lagoon, impoundment,ditch, storage container, motor vehicle, rolling stock, or aircraft, or(b) any site or area where a hazardous substance has been deposited,stored, disposed of, or placed, or otherwise come to be located.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE (HAZMAT) TEAM- means an organized group of employees, designated by the employer, who are expected to perform work to handle and control actual or potential leaks or spills of hazardous substances requiring possible close approach to the substance.


HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATION - means any operationsconducted within the scope of 29 CFR 1910.120.

HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE - means any facility or locationwithin the scope of 29 CFR 1910.120 at which hazardous waste operations take place.

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS - means the exposure, inhalation or dermal permissible exposure limit specified in 29 CFR part 1910, subparts G and Z.


HEALTH HAZARDS - means a chemical, mixture of chemicals or a pathogen for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees.

IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH - means an atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive or asphyxiate substance that poses and immediate threat to life or wouldcause irreversible or delayed adverse health effects or would interfere with an individual’s ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.


OXYGEN DEFICIENCY - means that concentration of oxygenby volume below which atmosphere supplying respiratory protection must be provided. It exists in atmospheres where thepercentage of oxygen by volume is less than 19.5 percent oxygen.

QUALIFIED PERSON - means a person with specific training, knowledge and experience in the area for which the person has theresponsibility and the authority to control.

SITE SAFETY AND HEALTH SUPERVISOR - means theindividual located on a hazardous waste site who is responsible to theemployer and has the authority and knowledge necessary to implement the site safety and health plan and verify compliance with applicable safety and health requirements.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE MSDS (TYPICAL FORMAT)

SECTION CONTENTS

I PRODUCT IDENTITY II HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS III PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS IV FIRE/EXPLOSION/PHYSICAL HAZARD DATA V REACTIVITY DATA VI HEALTH HAZARDS DATA VII PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE VIII CONTROL MEASURES/PROTECTION INFORMATION IX ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

TRADE SECRETS

INFORMATION WITHHELD FROM A MSDS MUST BE PROVIDED DURING AN EMERGENCY OR AT THE REQUEST OF A PHYSICIAN. THE USER OF THE INFORMATION MUST AGREE TO KEEP THE INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL.

Material Safety Data Sheet

Material Safety DataSheets (MSDS) providethe user general and specificinformation regarding theproduct.

* Must have a date.* Must have a Manufacturer.* Must not have any blanks.* Must be update within 90 days of any new changes. * Must be available to all employees within their workday.

Chemical Name & Synonyms

Chemical Family

Proper DOT Shipping Name

Manufacturer

Manufacturer's Address

Trade Name & Synonyms

Formula

DOT Hazard Classification

Chemtrec Phone Number

Manufacturer's Phone Number

I. General Information

II. IngredientsPrincipal Hazardous Components Percent Threshold Limit Value

Boiling Point (F)

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.)

Vapor Density (Air = 1)

Solubility in Water

Appearance & Odor

Specific Gravity (H20 =1)

Percent Volatile By Volume (%)

Evaporation Rate (_____=1)

pH

III. Physical Data

Flash point (Test Method)

Flammable Limits

Special Fire Fighting Procedures

Unusual Fire & Explosion Hazard

Auto Ignition Temperature

LEL

IV. Fire & Explosion Hazard Data

Extinguishing Media

LEL


OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit

Carcinogen - NTP Program

Symptoms of Exposure

Primary Route(s) of Entry

ACGIH Threshold Limit Value

Carcinogen - IARC Program

V. Health Hazard Data

VI. Reactivity DataStability Conditions to Avoid

Spill Response

Waste Disposal Method

VII. Environmental Protection Procedures

Eye Protection

Respiratory Protection (Type)

Precautions For Repair & Maintenance of Contaminated Equipment

Other Precautions

Skin ProtectionVIII. Special Protection Information

Other Protection

Ventilation Recommended

UnstableStable

Materials to Avoid

Conditions to AvoidHazardouspolymerization

May OccurWill Not

Incompatibility

Hazardous Decomposition Products

Hygienic Practices in Handling & StorageIX. Special Precautions

During any type of emergency, a copy of the MSDS should be used inassisting in what type of action will be taken. From Cleanup to using the correctprotective clothing.

The MSDS is not the onlysource that you have. Someother sources are: Technical Data Sheet The Manufacturer Scientific Studies Chris Manual Emergency Response Guidebook Others

Chemical Name & Synonyms

Chemical Family

Proper DOT Shipping Name

Manufacturer

Manufacturer's Address

Trade Name & Synonyms

Formula

DOT Hazard Classification

Chemtrec Phone Number

Manufacturer's Phone Number

I. General Information


Sulfuric Acid

AcidsH2O4S

Sulfuric Acid8, UN1830

ABC Corporations123 Face StSave, Ohio 33333

Corrosive

1-513-555-1111

1-800-424-9300

Dipping AcidMatting AcidSulfuric Acid

II. IngredientsPrincipal Hazardous Components Percent Threshold Limit Value


Sulfuric Acid

Water 7-0.5%93-99%

MSHA STDTWA 1 mg/m3

OSHA PEL8 H TWA1 mg/m3

IDLH 80 mg/m3

Boiling Point (F)

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.)Vapor Density (Air = 1)

Solubility in Water

Specific Gravity (H20 =1)Percent Volatile By Volume (%)Evaporation Rate (_____=1)pH

III. Physical Data


2900

1 mm @ 145.80

1.834

Infinitely soluble2

N/A N/A

N/AAppearance & Odor

Odorless Liquid

Flash point (Test Method)Flammable Limits

Special Fire Fighting ProceduresUnusual Fire & Explosion Hazard

Auto Ignition TemperatureLEL

IV. Fire & Explosion Hazard Data

Extinguishing MediaLEL


N/A

Dry Chemicalor CO2

N/A

N/A

N/A

Violent reaction with water.


OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit

Carcinogen - NTP Program

Symptoms of Exposure

Primary Route(s) of Entry

ACGIH Threshold Limit Value

Carcinogen - IARC Program

V. Health Hazard Data

TWA 1 mg/m3

NO

InhalationIngestionSkinEyes

Eye, Nose, Throat irritationPulmonary, BronchitisEmphysema, Stomatis, dental erosionBurns

TWA 1 mg/m3

STEL 3 ppm

NO

VI. Reactivity DataStability Conditions to AvoidUnstable

StableMaterials to Avoid

Hazardouspolymerization

May OccurWill Not

Incompatibility

Hazardous Decomposition Products


Stable

Organic materials, chlorates, carbides,fulminates, water,powdered metals

Will Not

Water

Neutralization

ph AdjustCausticN/A

Spill Response

Waste Disposal Method

VII. Environmental Protection Procedures


Do not touch or walk through spilled material;stop leak if you can do it without risk.Fully-encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills andleaks with nofire. Use waterspray to reduce vapor, do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container.

Disposal mustcomply withFederal, State,and local Rulesand Regulations.Reference:EPA 260-265.

Eye ProtectionRespiratory Protection (Type)

Skin ProtectionVIII. Special Protection Information

Other ProtectionVentilation Recommended


Chemical Safety Goggles

Full Face IAW 1910.134

Protective Clothing

Ventilate below airbonreexposure limits.

Precautions For Repair & Maintenance of Contaminated EquipmentOther Precautions

Hygienic Practices in Handling & StorageIX. Special Precautions


Keep all material on pallets. Do notstore next toincompatiblematerial. Wear Safety glasses,rubber gloves and other appropriate safety equipment as needed.

NONE

NONE

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Specific Gravity is an abstract or dimensionless number comparedto the mass of an equal volume of water.

Density of water is 8.33 lbs (Note: 8.33 lbs represents 1 gallon of water).

1 Gallon of Sulfuric Acid is 15.33 lbs. Density = ------------------mass

volume

Specific gravity = ------------------------- = 1.8415.33 lb/gal (Sulfuric)

8.33 lbs/gal (Water)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Many chemicals are soluble in water, but when the liquid does notappreciably dissolve in water, the term immiscible is used.

IMMISCIBLE IN WATER SOLUBLE IN WATER

Float on top if theSG less than 1.0

Sink to the bottom if the SG greater than 1.0

WATER

WATER

VAPOR DENSITY

Vapor Density is the mass of gases and vapors as it is comparedto the mass of an equal volume of air or other reference gas. Air’s density is 1.29 g/L or 0.011 lb/gallons.

VD greater than 1.0, thevapors are heavier than air and lay in low areas.

VD less than 1.0, thevapors are lighter than air and will rise.

- pH. THE pH OF A LIQUID IS THE NUMERICAL MEASURE OF ITS RELATIVE ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY. THE RANGE IS FROM 0 - 14 WITH A NEUTRAL LEVEL EXPRESSED AS A pH OF 7.0. ABOVE 7.0 THE LIQUID IS MORE ALKALINE OR BASIC. BELOW 7.0 THE LIQUID IS MORE ACIDIC. COMMON ACIDS (pH 0-6) COMMON BASES (pH 8-14)

- HYDROCHLORIC ACID - SODIUM HYDROXIDE (LYE) - HYDROFLUORIC ACID - SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (BLEACH) - NITRIC ACID - AQUEOUS AMMONIA - PHOSPHORIC ACID - POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (POTASH) - CHROMIC ACID - AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

pH

pH12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

ACID

NEUTRAL

BASE

LimewaterHousehold ammonia

Milk of magnesia

BloodPure Water

Tap Water

CoffeeWineVinegarLemon juiceGastric juice

HAZARD RATING SYSTEMS

TWO SYSTEMS

NFPA - NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

HMIS - NATIONAL PAINT AND COATINGS ASSOCIATION

- HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM


FOUR HAZARD PARAMETERS

HEALTH FLAMMABILITY REACTIVITY SPECIFIC HAZARD (NFPA)


FIVE HAZARD LEVELS

HMIS NFPA

4 SEVERE 4 EXTREME 3 SERIOUS 3 HIGH 2 MODERATE 2 MODERATE 1 SLIGHT 1 SLIGHT 0 MINIMAL 0 INSIGNIFICANT

HOMEMADE LABELSAMPLE “HOMEMADE” LABEL FOR A SINGLE CHEMICAL (NON-MIXTURE)

CHEMICAL NAME (SEE MSDS) USE OF CHEMICAL

DOT HAZARD CLASS PPE REQUIREDCHECK ALL THAT APPLY

FLAMMABLE TOXIC IRRITANT CORROSIVE NAME EMERGENCY PHONE WATER REACTIVE ___________ __________________ OXIDIZER

ADDRESS: __________________________________________________

HMIS LABEL

FIVE HMIS HAZARD LEVELS

- 4 SEVERE - 3 SERIOUS - 2 MODERATE - 1 SLIGHT - 0 MINIMAL

REACTIVITY

PERSONAL PROTECTION

FLAMMABILITY

HEALTH

NFPA LABEL

412

W

FIRE HAZARD

REACTIVITY

SPECIFIC HAZARD(WATER REACTIVE)

HEALTH HAZARD

FIVE NFPA HAZARD LEVELS

- 4 EXTREME - 3 HIGH - 2 MODERATE - 1 SLIGHT - 0 INSIGNIFICANT

4

1

3

HEALTH HAZARDOUS

4 Materials that on very short exposure couldcause death or major residual injury even though prompt medical treatment was given.

3 Materials that on short exposure could causeserious temporary or residual injury even though prompt medical treatment was given.

2 Materials that on intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical treatment was given.

1 Materials that on exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury even if no treatment was given.

0 Materials that on exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material.

4

1 3

FLAMMABLE HAZARDOUS4 Materials that will rapidly or completely

vaporize at atmospheric pressure and normalambient temperature, or that are readily dispersed in air, and will burn readily.

3 Liquids and solids that can be ignited underalmost all ambient temperature conditions.

2 Materials that must be moderately heated orexposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur.

1 Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur.

0 Materials that will not burn.

41

3REACTIVITY HAZARDOUS

4 Materials that in themselves are readily capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or reactionat normal temperatures and pressures.

3 Materials that in themselves are capable of detonation or explosive reaction but require a stronginitiating source or that must be heated under confinement before initiation or that react explosively with water.

2 Materials that in themselves are normally unstableand readily undergo violent chemical change butdo not detonate.

1 Materials that in themselves are normally stable,but which can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures or which may react withwater with some release of energy but not violently.

0 Materials that in themselves are normally stable, evenunder fire exposure condition, and which are notreactive with water.

41 3

SPECIAL HANDLING

CORR

OXY

W

RADIOACTIVE

CORROSIVE

OXYGEN

WATER REACTIVE

EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK

1996NORTH AMERICAN

EMERGENCY RESPONSEGUIDEBOOK

A GUIDEBOOKFOR FIRST RESONDERS DURING

THE INTIAL PHASE OF AHAZARDOUS MATERIALS/DANGEROUS GOODS

INCIDENT

IDNo.

GuideNo.

Name of Material IDNo.

GuideNo.

Name of Material

1001 17 Acetylene

1001 17 Acetylene, dissolved

1001 12 Air, compressed

1003 23 Air, refrigerated liquid (Cryogenic liquid)

1005 15 Ammonia

1005 15 Amonia, Anhydrous liquefied

1005 15 Ammonia, Solutions with more than 50% ammonia

1005 15 Anhydrous Ammonia

1006 12 Argon, compressed1008 15 Boron Trifluoride1009 12 Bromotrifluoromethane1010 17 Butadienes, inhibited1011 22 Butanes or Butane Mixtures

1011 22 Butylene

1013 21 Carbon Dioxide

1014 14 Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Mixtures

1015 12 Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous oxide mixtures

1016 18 Carbon Monoxide

1017 20 Chlorine

1018 12 Chlorodifluoromethane

1020 12 Chloropentafluoro- Ethane

1021 12 Chlorotetrafluoro- Ethane1022 12 Chlorotrifluoromethane1022 12 Trifluorochloromethane1023 18 Coal Gas1026 18 Cyanogen1026 18 Cyanogen, liquefied

EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOKYELLOW PAGESYELLOW PAGES

EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOKBLUE PAGESBLUE PAGES

IDNo.

GuideNo.

Name of Material IDNo.

GuideNo.

Name of Material

Acetic Acid Solution,more than 80% acid

Acetic Anhydride

Acetone, and solutions

Acetone Cyanohydrin,stabilized

Acetone Oils

Acetonitrile

Acetyl Acetone Peroxide

Acety BenzoylPeroxide

Acetylene

Acetylene, dissolved

Acetylene Tetrabromide

29 2789

39 1715

26 1090

55 1541

26 1091

28 1648

48 2080

48 2081

17 1001

17 1001

58 2504

Acridine

Acrolein, inhibited

Acrolein Dimer,stabilized

Acrylamide

Acrylic Acid, Inhibited

Acrylonitrile, inhibited

Activated Carbon

Adhesive

Adhesives, containingflammable liquid

Adiponitrile

Aerosols

Air, Compressed

32 2713

30 1092

26 2607

55 2074

29 2218

30 1093

32 1362

26 1133

26 1133

55 2205

12 1950

12 1002

EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOKORANGE PAGESORANGE PAGES

GUIDE 11POTENTIAL HAZARDS

FIRE OR EXPLOSION Flammable/combustible material, may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames May ignite other combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc..) Container May explode in heat of fire. Reaction with fuels may be violent. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.HEALTH HAZARDS May be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

EMERGENCY ACTION Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay up wind; keep out of low areas. Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and structural firefighter's protective clothing will provide limited protection. CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer. CALL CHEMTREC AT 1-800-424-9300.FIRE Small Fires: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. Large Fires: Water Spray, fog or regular foam. SPILL OR LEAK Shut off ignition sources, no flares, smoking or flames in hazard area. Keep combustible (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. FIRST AID Move victim to fresh air and call emergency medical are, if not breathing, give artificial respiration, if breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOKGREEN PAGESGREEN PAGES

TABLE OF INITIAL ISOLATION AND PROTECTIVE ACTION DISTANCES

1005 Ammonia

1005 Ammonia, Anhydrous, liquefied

1005 Ammonia Solutions, with more than 50% ammonia

1005 Anhydrous Ammonia

1008 Boron Trifluoride

1016 Carbon Monoxide

1017 Chlorine

1023 Coal Gas

1026 Cyanogen

1026 Cyanogen, liquefied

ID# NAME OF MATERIAL

FirstISOLATE

in allDirection

(feet)

500 0.1 0.6

500 0.1 0.6

500 0.1 0.6

500 0.1 0.6

500 0.3 2.0

500 0.3 2.0

500 0.7 2.8

500 0.1 1.2

500 0.1 1.1

500 0.1 1.1

Then, PROTECTpersonsDOWNWINDDAY NIGHT(Miles) (Miles)

FirstISOLATE

in allDirection

(feet)

500 0.3 2.2

500 0.3 2.2

500 0.3 2.2

500 0.3 2.2

500 0.8 2.9

500 0.7 2.8

500 0.7 2.8

500 0.7 2.8

500 0.7 2.8

500 0.7 2.8

Then, PROTECTpersonsDOWNWINDDAY NIGHT(Miles) (Miles)

SMALL SPILLS LARGE SPILLS

TOXICOLOGYTOXICOLOGYthe

studyof

poisons

“ALL THINGS AREPOISONS, FOR THEREIS NOTHING WITHOUTPOISONOUS QUALITIES. IT IS ONLY THE DOSE WHICH MAKES ATHING POISON.”

PARACELSUS(1493 - 1541)

TOXICOLOGYTOXICOLOGYTOXIN -TOXIN - Any of a group of poisonous, usually unstable

compounds generated by microorganisms, plants or animals. Certain toxins are produced by specific pathogenic microorganisms and are the causative agents in various diseases, as tetanus, diphtheria, etc.

TOXICITYTOXICITY - The effect a specific quantity or dosage of a specific toxin (Chemical) has on a living microorganism. This is not an absolute!

TOXICITYINGESTION

ABSORPTION

INHALATION

Swallowing of a substance through the mouth and into the stomach. Generallyfollowed by its entrance into the smallintestine.

Entering the body through the skin. Substances that absorb through the skinsometime further assimilate into the blood system.

Breathing causes us to inhale substanceswhich in return travels en route to thelungs. Our lungs are so rich in bloodvessels that any substance inhaled into the lungs are readily absorbed into the bloodstream.

TOXIC EFFECTSACUTE - Is generally regarded as a severe injury caused

by a one time, relatively short exposure to a chemical substances harmful to the human body.

CHRONIC - Is an injury or disease that manifests itself after a relatively long period of time has elapsed since the initial exposure to the substance causing some type of ailment.

LATENT - Is an injury or disease that remains undeveloped until an incubation period has elapsed. The period of time could be hours, days, months or years.

IRRITANT - Is a chemical substance that injures the tissues of the respiratory system and lungs, thereby causing inflammation of the respiratory passages.

AFFECTING FACTORS

The Amount Entering the Body. The Length of Time. The Rate of Absorption Into the Blood. The Physical Nature of the Chemical. The Chemical Nature of the Chemical. The Age of the Individual. The Health of the Individual.

MEASURING THE TOXICITY

PARTS PER MILLION - ppm PARTS PER BILLION - ppb PARTS PER TRILLION - ppt LETHAL DOSE - LD50

LETHAL CONCENTRATION - LC50

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE - TLV IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO

LIFE AND HEALTH - IDLH

APPROXIMATIONS

1 INCH

1 1/41/2

3/4 = 16 MILES

=

1 DROP 80 FIFTHS

1 PENNY

=

$10,000.00

1 INCH

1 1/41/2

3/4 = 16,000,000 MILES

=

1 DROP 80,000,000 FIFTHS

1 PENNY

=

$10,000,000,000.00

1 INCH

1 1/41/2

3/4 = 16,000 MILES

=

1 DROP 80,000FIFTHS

1 PENNY

=

$10,000,000.00

ppm ppb ppt

LETHAL DOSE - LD50

The LD50 is the amount of a material that, when administrated to laboratory animals, kill half of them. The expression is made in milligrams of the substance administered per body weight of the animal expressed in kilograms (mg/kg).

When extrapolated to humans, the lethal dose of an average person who weighs w kilograms is LD50 x w.

LETHAL CONCENTRATION - LC50

The LC50 is the concentration of a material that, normally express as parts per million (ppm) by volume, that when administrated to laboratory animals, kill half of them during the period of exposure.

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE - TLV

The TLV is the upper limit of a toxin concentration to which anaverage healthy person may be repeatedly exposed on an all-day,everyday basis without suffering adverse health effects.

Gaseous substances in air, the TLV is usually express as parts per million (ppm).

Fumes or mist in air, it is expressed in milligrams per cubic meter(mg/m3).

TLV values are set by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH).

TI

ME

DOSE0

TLVPEL

LC50

LD50

EXPOSURE MODEL

SAFEEXPOSURE

TOXIN

Toxins inhaledcan quickly travelto vital organs andthe brain causingeither acute or chronic effects.

RESPIRATORYRESPIRATORYSYSTEMSSYSTEMS

THE HEARTTHE HEART

THE STOMACHTHE STOMACH

THE LIVERTHE LIVER

THE INTESTINETHE INTESTINE

THE BRAINTHE BRAIN

TOXINS IN OUR BODY

HAIRFOLLICLE

SEBACEOUS(OIL) GLAND

BASALCELLS

EPIDERMALCELLS

(S)URFACELAYER

(K)ERATIN LAYER (P)IGMENT

CELLS

DUCT

SWEATGLANDS

S

K

P

THE SKIN DEFENSES

WATER SOLUBLE CHEMICALS, CHANGESIN pH, LARGE AMOUNT OF WATER.

ACIDS THAT ARE MILD, WATER LOSS,PHYSICAL INJURIES, CHEMICALS,

ULTRAVIOLET, MICRO-ORGANISMS.

ULTRAVIOLET

HAIRFOLLICLE

SEBACEOUS(OIL) GLAND

BASALCELLS

EPIDERMALCELLS

(S)URFACELAYER

(K)ERATIN LAYER (P)IGMENT

CELLS

DUCT

SWEATGLANDS

S

K

P

SKIN INJURED BY

WARM WATER, SOLVENTS, ALKALIS AND SOAP

CHEMICALS, TRAUMA, SOLVENTS,ALKALIS, DETERGENTS, AND

CERTAIN INTERNAL DISEASES

PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL OR CHEMICALTRAUMA, AND INTERNAL DISEASES

IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TOLIFE AND HEALTH - IDLH

An IDLH level represents a maximum concentration from which one could escape within 30 minutes without experiencing any escape-impairing symptoms or any irreversible adverse health effects.

IDLH levels are published for many substances by OSHA and NIOSH.

In practice, when the concentration of a toxic substance in a given area is known, IDLH levels may be used for determining whether self-contained breathing apparatus is needed when entering the area. If the concentration exceeds the IDLH level, positive- demand, self-contained breathing apparatus should be used.

TLV - Threshold Limit Value: One of three categories of chemicalexposure levels - TLV-TWA, TLV-STEL or TLV-C.

TLV-TWA - Threshold Limit Value Time-Weighted Average: The time weighted average concentration for a normal 8-hourworkday and a 40 hour work week to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse effect. Should be used as an exposure guide rather than an absolute.

TLV-STEL - Threshold Limit Value - Short Term Exposure Limit: A15 minute time-weighted average exposure that should not beexceeded at any time during the work day.

TLV-C - Threshold Limit Value- Ceiling: The concentration that should not be exceeded even instantaneously.

SUMMARY OF TLV

FOOD CHAIN EXPOSURE

BARLEY

Depending on the chemical, we could potentially

eat toxic food.

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

AIR CONTAMINANTS

GASES. GENERALLY USED IN A COMPRESSED FORM. CAN EFFECT ALL ROUTES OF ENTRY. VAPORS. FORMED BY EVAPORATION OF LIQUIDS OR SOLIDS. AMOUNT USUALLY DEPENDS UPON EXPOSED SURFACE AREA, TEMPERATURE, AND VAPOR PRESSURE OF SUBSTANCE. CAN BE DEADLY.

AIR CONTAMINANTS

FUMES. USUALLY METALLIC AND FORMED BY WELDING, CUTTING, OR BRAZING OPERATIONS. EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS TO INHALE. PARTICULATES. COMPOSED OF SOLID OR LIQUID PARTICLES THAT ARE SUSPENDED OR DISPERSED IN AIR. SUCH AS DUST, MISTS, OR SMOKES. CAN BE EXPLOSIVE AND HAZARDOUS TO BREATH.



ACIDS AND BASES

- pH. THE pH OF A LIQUID IS THE NUMERICAL MEASUREOF ITS RELATIVE ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY. THE RANGEIS FROM 0 - 14 WITH A NEUTRAL LEVEL EXPRESSED ASA pH OF 7.0.

ABOVE 7.0 THE LIQUID IS MORE ALKALINE OR BASIC.

BELOW 7.0 THE LIQUID IS MORE ACIDIC.

COMMON ACIDS (pH 0-6)

HYDROCHLORIC ACID HYDROFLUORIC ACID NITRIC ACID PHOSPHORIC ACID CHROMIC ACID

COMMON BASES (pH 8-14)

SODIUM HYDROXIDE (LYE) SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (BLEACH) AQUEOUS AMMONIA POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (POTASH) AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

ACIDS AND BASESACID BASE



CHECK FOR COMPATIBILITY!

HIGH pHBASEACIDLOW pH

BASEACID



IF YOU’RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE CHEMICAL, FIND OUT! READ THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET! READ THE LABELS ON CONTAINERS. OBSERVE WRITTEN WARNINGS! DON’T EAT, DRINK, OR SMOKE AROUND CHEMICALS. CHANGE YOUR CLOTHS! DON’T TAKE IT HOME! ENSURE WORK AREA IS VENTILATED. WEAR APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.

ACIDS and BASES - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS


WEAR APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. CLEAN UP SMALL SPILLS TO PREVENT BEING MISTAKEN

FOR WATER. STORE ACIDS FROM BASES TO PREVENT REACTIONS. KNOW THE REACTIONS THAT CAN OCCUR FROM OTHER

MATERIALS. ALWAYS ADD ACID TO WATER, NEVER WATER TO ACID!

ACIDS and BASES - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS


- ORGANIC (CARBON BEARING) SOLVENTS:

ORGANIC SOLVENTS CONTAIN CARBON. ORGANIC SOLVENTS INCLUDE: ACETONE, GASOLINE, STODDARD SOLVENT, AND TRICHLOROETHYLENE. EFFECTS ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CAN OCCUR IF PROPER VENTILATION IS NOT USED.

CLASSES OF SOLVENTS


- AQUEOUS (WATER BEARING) SOLVENTS:

AQUEOUS SOLVENTS CONTAIN WATER. SOLUTIONS OF ACIDS, ALKALIS ARE CLASSED AS AQUEOUS SOLVENTS. ENGINEERING CONTROLS ARE USUALLY REQUIRED. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION IS NEEDED WHERE VAPORS CANNOT BE ADEQUATELY CONTROLLED WITH ENGINEERING CONTROLS.

CLASSES OF SOLVENTS

ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS

- INHALATION: MOST COMMON ROUTE OF ENTRY. CAUSES HEADACHE, DIZZINESS, CONFUSION, AND DROWSINESS. ODOR INTENSITY USUALLY NOT GOOD DETERMINATION OF TOXICITY. MORE COULD MEAN LESS, LESS COULD MEAN MORE. DIFFERENT SOLVENTS SEEK DIFFERENT TARGET ORGANS IN THE BODY.



- INGESTION:

EATING, DRINKING, OR SMOKING WITHOUT WASHING HANDS FIRST. EATING, DRINKING, OR SMOKING CONTAMINATED CONSUMABLES. CAN CAUSE SEVERE IRRITATION OF GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT. EASILY PENETRATES MUCOUS MEMBRANES TO ENTER THE BLOOD STREAM.


- ABSORPTION:

PREVENT SKIN CONTACT, WEAR GLOVES, APRONS, ETC. CAN OCCUR THROUGH UNBROKEN SKIN OR MUCOUS MEMBRANES. ANY ABSORPTION GENERALLY WILL CAUSE IRRITATION OF SKIN. FLUSH SKIN FOR AT LEAST FIFTEEN MINUTES, SEEK MEDICAL HELP. NEVER WASH EXPOSED SKIN WITH ANY SOLVENT.




- INJECTION:

USUALLY CAUSED BY PUNCTURE WOUNDS.

COMPRESSED AIR CAN ALSO CAUSE INJECTION OF SOLVENTS.

RAPID INTRODUCTION OF SOLVENTS INTO BLOODSTREAM.

MAY BE OTHER DEBRIS IN WOUND OF CONCERN.


IF YOU’RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE SOLVENT, FIND OUT!

READ THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET!

READ THE LABELS ON CONTAINERS.

OBSERVE WRITTEN WARNINGS!

DON’T EAT, DRINK, OR SMOKE AROUND SOLVENTS.

ENSURE WORK AREA IS WELL VENTILATED.

SOLVENTS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS


WEAR APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.

USE A BARRIER CREAM, IF YOU’RE SOLVENT SENSITIVE.

SPILLS MUST BE CONTAINED, IMMEDIATELY!

KNOW THE REACTIONS THAT CAN OCCUR.

NEVER DISCOUNT ANY ROUTE-OF-ENTRY!

SOLVENTS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS (CONTINUED)


ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR METALS

- INHALATION: MOST COMMON ROUTE OF ENTRY.

SMALLER PARTICULATES ARE TRAPPED IN LUNGS AND ABSORBED.


- INGESTION:

EATING, DRINKING, OR SMOKING WITHOUT WASHING HANDS FIRST.

EATING, DRINKING, OR SMOKING CONTAMINATED CONSUMABLES.




- ABSORPTION.

CAN OCCUR THROUGH UNBROKEN SKIN OR MUCOUS MEMBRANES.

ABSORPTION GENERALLY LEAST HAZARDOUS ROUTE OF ENTRY.


- INJECTION.

USUALLY CAUSED BY PUNCTURE WOUNDS INVOLVING METALS.

COMPRESSED AIR CAN ALSO CAUSE INJECTION OF METALS.



SPECIFIC METALS

- METAL PARTICULATES:

COME FROM SAND BLASTING, DEBURRING, AND LIKE OPERATIONS. METALS CAN TAKE THE FORM OF AIRBORNE DUSTS. ENGINEERING CONTROLS ARE USUALLY REQUIRED. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION IS NEEDED WHERE DUSTS CANNOT BE ADEQUATELY CONTROLLED WITH ENGINEERING CONTROLS.


- FUMES:

FUMES ARE MADE UP OF VERY TINY SOLID METAL PARTICLES. PARTICLES ARE THE CONDENSATES OF VAPORIZED METAL. EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY CAN BE DISASTROUS IF PROPER VENTILATION IS NOT USED. THINK OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF METALS AND BONDING MATERIALS USED USED IN A WELDING OPERATION.


SPECIFIC METALS

SPECIFIC METALS

- CADMIUM. HIGHLY TOXIC, INHALATION MOST COMMON ROUTE OF ENTRY. SMALLER PARTICULATES ARE TRAPPED IN LUNGS AND ABSORBED. DANGEROUS DOSES CAN BE ASYMPTOMATIC FOR HOURS. KNOWN HUMAN CARCINOGEN. TARGET ORGANS INCLUDE, KIDNEYS, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.


- COPPER AND ZINC. HIGHLY TOXIC, INHALATION MOST COMMON ROUTE OF ENTRY. CAN CAUSE “METAL FUME FEVER” RESULTING IN (SEVERE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS). TARGET ORGANS INCLUDE, KIDNEYS, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.


SPECIFIC METALS

- NICKEL.

CAN BE ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN, OR LUNGS. ABSORPTION GENERALLY LEAST HAZARDOUS ROUTE OF ENTRY. TARGET ORGANS INCLUDE; CNS, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.


SPECIFIC METALS

METALS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

IF YOU’RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE METAL, FIND OUT!

READ THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET!

READ THE LABELS ON CONTAINERS.

OBSERVE WRITTEN WARNINGS!

DON’T EAT, DRINK, OR SMOKE AROUND METAL DUSTS.


ENSURE WORK AREA IS VENTILATED.

WEAR APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.

SPILLS OF METALS MUST BE CONTAINED, NOT RAISED!

FOR LARGE SPILLS, CONTACT SAFETY OFFICER.

STORE ACIDS FROM BASES TO PREVENT REACTIONS.

MAGNESIUM IS WATER REACTIVE, USE DRY SAND TO EXTINGUISH MAGNESIUM FIRES.

METALS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS (CONTINUED)


PPE

ersonal

rotective

quipment

“YOUR BEST FRIEND”

PERMEATIONTo pass through the protective clothingthrough a period of time. This passingthrough may not be noticeable withouta microscope.

BREAK THROUGH TIME

The amount of time it takesto “Break Through” the material.

DEGRADATION

The changing of the physical propertiesof the protective equipment due to the

chemicals being introduced.

PENETRATION

The large flow of any chemicalthrough the protective clothing and/or material.

1. Evaluate the job and then select protective clothing.

2. Know the types of exposures that are likely to occur.

3. Know the effects when contact is made with a chemical.

4. Know the physical resistance.

5. Know the chemical resistance.

6. Consider Human factors

7. Evaluate the cost associated with the equipment.

KEYS TO SELECTING PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

4 TYPES OF PROTECTION

LEVEL - ALEVEL - A

LEVEL - BLEVEL - B

LEVEL - CLEVEL - C

LEVEL - DLEVEL - D

Level A is used when the greatest level of skin, respiratory and eye protection is required.

Level A protection should be used when:

The hazardous substance has been identified and requires the highest level of protection for skin, eyes and the respiratory system based on either the measured (or potential for) high concentration of atmospheric vapors, gases, or particulate; or the site operations and work functions involve a high potential for splash, immersion, or exposure to unexpected vapors, gases, or particulate of materials that are harmful to skin or capable of being absorbed through the skin.

Substances with a high degree of hazard to the skin are known or suspected to be present, and skin contact is possible.

Operations are being conducted in confined, poorly ventilated areas, and the absence of conditions requiring Level A have not yet been determined.

LEVEL - A PROTECTIONLEVEL - A PROTECTION

LEVEL - B PROTECTIONLEVEL - B PROTECTION

Level B is used when the highest level of respiratory protection is necessary but a lesser level of skin protection is needed.

Level B protection should be used when:

The type and atmospheric concentration of substances have been identified and require a high level of respiratory protection but less skin protection.

The atmosphere contains less than 19.5 percent oxygen.

The presence of incompletely identified vapors or gases is indicated by a direct reading organic vapor detection instrument, but vapors and gases are not suspected of containing high levels of chemicals harmful to skin or capable of being absorbed through the skin. NOTE: This involves atmospheres with IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) concentrations of specific substances that present severe inhalation hazards and that do not represent a severe skin hazard.

LEVEL - C PROTECTIONLEVEL - C PROTECTION

Level C is used when the concentration(s) and type(s) of airborne substance(s) is known and the criteria for using air purifying respirators are met.

Level C protection should be used when:

The atmospheric contaminants, liquid splashes, or other direct contact will not adversely affect or be absorbed through any exposed skin.

The types of air contaminants have been identified, concentrations measured, and an air purifying respirator is available that can remove the contaminants.

All criteria for the use of air purifying respirators are met.

LEVEL - D PROTECTIONLEVEL - D PROTECTION

Level D is used for nuisance contamination only. A work uniform affording minimal protection.

Level D protection should be used when:

The atmosphere contains no known hazards.

Work functions preclude splashes, immersion, or the potential for unexpected inhalation of or contact with hazardous levels of any chemicals.

LEVEL - A PROTECTION: LEVEL - A PROTECTION: The following constitute

1. Positive pressure, full face-piece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), or positive pressure supplied air respirator with escape SCBA, approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

2. Totally-encapsulating chemical protective suit.

3. Coveralls. (Optional, as applicable)

4. Long underwear. (Optional, as applicable)

5. Gloves, outer, chemical resistant.

6. Gloves, inner, chemical resistant.

7. Boots, chemical resistant, steel toe and shank.

8. Hard hat (under suit). (Optional, as applicable)

9. Disposable protective suit, gloves and boots (depending on suit construction, may be worn over totally-encapsulating suit.)

LEVEL - B PROTECTION: LEVEL - B PROTECTION: The following constitute

1. Positive pressure, full face-piece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), or positive pressure supplied air respirator with escape SCBA, approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

2. Hooded chemical resistant clothing (overalls and long- sleeved jacket; coveralls; one or two piece chemical splash suit; disposable chemical resistant overalls.




6. Boots, chemical resistant, steel toe and shank.

7. Boot covers, outer, chemical resistant (disposable)

8. Hard hat. (Optional, as applicable)

9. Face shield. (Optional, as applicable)

The following constitute

1. Full face or half mask, air purifying respirators, approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

2. Hooded chemical resistant clothing (overalls, two piece chemical splash suit; disposable chemical resistant overalls.




6. Boots (outer), chemical resistant, steel toe and shank.

7. Boot covers, outer, chemical resistant (disposable)



10. Escape mask. (Optional, as applicable)

LEVEL - C PROTECTION: LEVEL - C PROTECTION:

LEVEL - D PROTECTION: LEVEL - D PROTECTION: The following constitute

1. Coveralls.

2. Gloves. (Optional, as applicable)

3. Boots/Shoes, chemical resistant, steel toe and shank.

4. Boot outer, chemical resistant (disposable)

5. Safety glasses or chemical splash goggles.



8. Escape mask. (Optional, as applicable)

PERCENTAGE OF USAGE

LEVEL - ALEVEL - A 1 - 2 %1 - 2 %

LEVEL - BLEVEL - B 15 - 20 %15 - 20 %

LEVEL - CLEVEL - C 70 - 80 %70 - 80 %

LEVEL - DLEVEL - D 5 - 10%5 - 10%

TIME DISTANCE SHIELDING

CONSIDER THESE THREE FACTORS WHEN ATTEMPTING TO INFLUENCE THE RATE AND

DEGREE OF EXPOSURE:

TIME - - - As with any type of exposure, such as a sunburn, the longer the exposure the more probable an injury will occur.

DISTANCE - - -

The further away from the sourcethe less the concentrationavailable for exposure.

SHIELDING - - -

Generally considered as a wallor lead shield. With reference to hazardous materials it also refersto PPE worn by the worker.

P P E CONSIDERATIONS Age of the Equipment Chemical Resistance Cleanability Comfort Communication Design Durable Flexibility Temperature Resistance Visibility

The actual properties of the hazard must be known to make a decision on the specific type of equipment to be used!

PROTECTIVE GLOVES

Butyl Latex - Vinyl Neoprene PVA PVC PVC/Nitrile


PROTECTIVE GLOVESNatural Rubber - Alcohol's, diluted acids and bases

Neoprene - Bases, peroxides, fuels, oilsAliphatic hydrocarbons, glycol, phenols, alcohol

Nitrile Rubber - Phenols, PCB, oil and fuels, amines, bases, peroxides

Polyvinyl Alcohol - Most organic


PROTECTIVE BOOTS

Butyl Natural Rubber Neoprene Nitrile PVC PVC/Nitrile


COVERALL SIZING CHART6’8”

6’6”

6’4”

6’2”

6’

5’10”

5’8”

5’6”

5’4”

5’2”

5’

110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290

small

medium

large

x-large

2x-large

3x-large

4x-large

EQUIPMENT INSPECTION

Inspect for tears Inspect for seams Inspect for cracks Inspect for signs of swelling Inspect for signs of stiffness Inspect for signs of deterioration Inspect for signs of discoloration Inspect for non-uniform coatings Inspect for pinholes (hold to light) Inspect for malfunctioning closures Check clothing for compatibility with material.

Description Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke

Face Pale Red and FlushedSkin Moist Hot and DrySweating Profuse NoneTemperature Normal Extremely HighPulse Weak and rapid Strong and rapidBehavior Subdued May be erratic at onsetUnconscious Not usually Usually

HEAT STRESS - is caused by a number of interacting factors, including environmental conditions, clothing, workload and the individual characteristics of the worker.

SIGNS and SYMPTOMS for heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

Air Temperature70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

Relative Apparent Humidity Temperature

0% 64 69 73 78 83 87 91 95 99 10% 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 20% 66 72 77 82 87 93 99 105 112 30% 67 73 78 84 90 96 104 113 123 40% 68 74 79 86 93 101 110 122 137 50% 69 75 81 88 96 107 120 135 150 60% 70 76 82 90 100 114 132 149 70% 70 77 85 93 106 124 144 80% 71 78 86 97 113 136 157 90% 71 79 88 102 122 150 170 100% 72 80 91 108 133 166

HOW TO USE HEAT INDEX:

1. Across top (Air Temperature) locate today’s predicted high temperature.

2. Down left side (Relative Humidity) locate today’s predicted humidity.

3. Follow across and down to find APPARENT TEMPERATURE” or “WHAT IT FEELS LIKE”

Heat Index 90 - 100 -Sunstroke, heat cramps & heat exhaustion are possiblewith prolonged exposureand physical activity.

Heat Index 105 - 129 - Sunstroke, heat cramps &heat exhaustion likely. Heatstroke possible with prolonged exposure and physical activity.

Heat Index 130 or higher - Heatstroke or sunstrokeimminent.

FIRST AID /HEAT STROKE

* call EMS* remove victim from heat* cool victim fast* immerse victim in cool bath or wet sheets* care for shock* offer cool water..four ounces every 15 minutes

FIRST AID /HEAT EXHAUSTION

* remove victim from heat* place on back with feet up* loosen or remove clothing* cool victim by fanning or with cold packs* care for shock* offer cool water..four ounces every 15 minutesHeat exhaustion can become heat stroke if not treated promptly.

FIRST AID

If you work with hazardous chemicals, there could be a dangerin the air. You can not always see or smell the hazards, but dust, smoke, fog, mist, fumes, gases, vapors and sprays can be very hazardous to your health and safety. So, you need to askyourself the following questions?

1. What are the exposure limits allowed for the particular contaminants?2. Have the hazard levels in your work area been measured?3. Do you have the correct amount of oxygen in your work area?4. Are you trained to use and wear a Respirator? Remember - Respirators play a big part in your Safety.

DO I NEED A RESPIRATOR?


Types of Respirators -

Air-purifying or Filtering - The APR is usedwhere there is enough oxygen present ( approx.20%), but the air in the area is contaminated withgases, vapors, and dust. These respirators filter out dangerous materials or diverts air through a chemical filter. WARNING - Some substances can not be safelyfiltered out requiring you to wear a Air - SuppliedRespirator.

Types of Respirators - Supplied-Air Respirators - The SAR is used whenever there is not enough oxygen in a confinedspace or area and the concentration of the airbornesubstances present is immediately dangerous to lifeand health (IDLH).

All respirators must be approved for the contaminantfor which the employee is exposed too. Approval is done jointly by the Mine Safety and Health Administration of the Department of Labor and theNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) of the Department of Health andHuman Services.

Types of Respirators -

Self - Contain Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) -SCBA uses a source of breathable air carried by thewearer. Although this greatly enhances the mobility of the wearer it limits the duration of protection.At a moderate work rate, using approximately 40 liter minute volume, most SCBA used in hazardoussituations have a rated duration of 30 to 60 minutes.

SCBA consist of the following: Face piece, Breathingtube, Air supply tube, Regulator, Exhalation valve and Air Cylinder and valve.

Respirators places a strain on the wearer’s cardiovascular system. All workers must exert a greater degree of effort to inhale and exhale when wearing a respirator.

Some people are claustrophobic and cannot wear respirators.

OSHA requires that anyone assigned a task requiring the use of respirators be examined and certified as being able to safely wear the respirator. Furthermore, the worker and supervisor must have a basic understanding of respirator selections, operations, fitting, limitations and maintenance.

THE PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS

PROPER FITTINGThe proper fitting of a respirator is determined by a fit tests and seal checks. Fit tests can be “Qualitative” or “Quantitative”. Some OSHA Standards have specific requirements for fit testing.

QUALITATIVE

Upon issue and semi-annually Irritant smoke or banana oil Recite “Rainbow” passage Subjective response

QUANTITATIVE

Measure concentration inside mask Port drilled into mask Takes approximately 1 hour Requires expensive equipment

and trained personnel Ensures correct fit for model

� Do a fit test. � Receive training.� Provide proper care. � Measure hazard levels. � Receive a Medical test. � Review exposure limits.� Select correct Respirator.� Receive Annual Physical.� Receive Annual Training.� Check the Oxygen levels.� Provide proper maintenance.� Look for signs of deterioration.� Follow policies and procedures. � Wear only approved respirators that you have received instruction.

RESPIRATORY

CHECK

LIST

SPILL

CONTROL

Spill Control

The control of any inadvertent release of hazardous materials can be as simple as turning off a valve, turning a drum on its side, to performing a complete day of clean-up in a totally encapsulating suit.

CONTAINMENT

Any procedures taken to keep the material in its original container, Contaminate activities are generally undertaken by a Hazardous Material Technician or Specialist and require many hours of training and practice. Your imagination is a good place to begin to develop containment methods.

Super glue, underwater patching materials for boats and fastsetting materials for casts are just some of the simple examples.

CONFINEMENTAny procedures taken to keep all the material in a defined area. These activities will vary from plant to plant and will be determined by the company emergency response plan. Spills or releases can be confined by our A, B, C, D materials.

Absorption

Blocking

Collection

Diking

ABSORPTION

Materials like dirt, sand, soda ash, saw dust, vermiculite, or even kitty littercan absorb the spill. The absorptionmaterial should be placed in front of the material with consideration of any slopeor grade. A key note to remember, the absorption materials MUST be COMPATIBLE with the spilled material.

BLOCKING

Means the protection of drains, ditches, or storm sewers from run-off of any spilled material. These items should be blocked by dams, rubber covers, pillows, booms.

COLLECTION

The collection of these materials can be placed in approved DOT containers,or other types of containment for properdisposal.

DIKING

Diking materials like sand, earth, or other similar materials can be used to contain the perimeter of the leak. The material used for diking MUSTalso be COMPATIBLE with the spilledmaterial.

DEC

ON

TA

MI N A T I ON

DECONTAMINATION is a very important part of Training. Emergency response workers at the First Responder, Operations Level, Hazardous Materials Technician, Hazardous Materials Specialist, and On-Scene Incident Commander levels are all required to know and understand decontamination procedures.

DECONTAMINATION

DECONTAMINATION

Contamination is derived from the Latin verb meaning “To Touch”, while the prefix De means “Do the opposite of.”

So we can not stress this importantly enough, “Do Not Touch” these materials.

TOUCH

DECONTAMINATION

Contamination at hazardous waste sites can occur to people, vehicles, equipment, buildings and to the environment, both plants and animals. By avoiding contamination through proper positioning of people, apparatus and equipment, you eliminate the need to decontaminate.

Decontamination is performed whenever any the following conditions are present:

When there is obvious contamination by a know substance. When there is suspected contamination by a know substance. When there is likelihood of exposure to a deadly substance. When you don’t want to spread the contamination. When you want to protect the environment.

GOAL OFDECONTAMINATION

Is to minimize the potential harm to people and the environment by eliminating or reducing the hazardsof the chemical contaminant.

METHODS OF DECONTAMINATION

DILUTION ABSORPTION DEGRADATION ISOLATION NEUTRALIZATION DISPOSAL

DILUTIONTHE THINNING OUT OR WEAKENING OF A SUBSTANCE BY ADDING ANOTHER MATERIAL, CALLED A DILUTENT. DILUTION IS A VALID STEP IN DECONTAMINATION, BUT THE END MATERIAL WILL STILL HAVE TO BE DISPOSED OF.

ABSORPTIONTHE PROCESS WHERE ONE SUBSTANCE COMBINES WITH ANOTHER BY MOVING INTO IT OR ENTERING THE INTERIOR OF THE OTHER SUBSTANCE. WHEN ABSORBENT ARE USED IN THE DECONTAMINATION PROCESS, THE COMBINED MATERIAL MUST BE CONSIDERED AND HANDLED AS CONTAMINATED.

DEGRADATIONTHE MOLECULAR BREAKDOWN OF A MATERIAL. IN THE CASE OF A CONTAMINANT IT CAN RENDER THE MATERIAL LESS HAZARDOUS. THE PROCESS CAN BE USED IN DECONTAMINATION, BUT THE EXTENT OF DEGRADATION MUST BE MONITORED AND VERIFIED.

ISOLATIONTHE ESTABLISHMENT OF A BOUNDARY OR PERIMETER WHERE A MATERIAL IS LOCATED OR PLACED, AND WHERE ENTRY IS RESTRICTED TO UNAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL. ISOLATION IS NOT ALWAYS ACHIEVABLE OVER THE LONG TERM, BUT IT DOES PROVIDE A TEMPORARY METHOD OF DEALING WITH A CONTAMINATED SUBSTANCE.

NEUTRALIZATIONTHE PROCESS THAT OCCURS WHEN ACID AND BASES NEUTRALIZE EACH OTHER; I.E. THE CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF BOTH ACID AND AND BASES DISAPPEAR OR HAVE A NEUTRAL VALUE. WHERE IT CAN BE ACHIEVED NEUTRALIZATION IS AN EFFECTIVE TECHNIQUE IN DECONTAMINATION.

DISPOSAL

THE FINAL STEP IN A PROCESS WHEREBY A SUBSTANCE IS TRANSFERRED TO AN AUTHORIZED PARTY, OR TO A FINAL RESTING PLACE.

LEVEL 1DECONTAMINATION

Used when the nature of the incident indicates that there is at least a possibility that an exposure has occurred but no one is certain that it has. An example would be if a reconnaissance team entered a waste site, in appropriate clothing and SCBA, to identify the markings on a leaking 55 gallon drum.

3 LEVELS OF DECON


Used when you can physically see that contamination of clothing has occurred, but the skin has not been exposed. An example would be a drum is rolled over and you step in the spilled liquid. No one on the team experiences skin contact.

3 LEVELS OF DECON


Used whenever the chemical has come into contact with the skin. An example would be a member of the team is splashed by the liquid and the liquid has eaten a small hole in the clothing and is burning the skin.

3 LEVELS OF DECON

DECONTAMINATION CORRIDOR CRITERIA

Topography - The decon corridor should be located on a level surface, upwind and upgrade from the site.

Distance from spills - A minimum of 100 feet shall be maintained between the decon area and the spill for minor incidents. 500 feet for major incidents.

Perimeters - An inner and outer security perimeter will be established. The entrance into the hot zone must be a controlled access point.

Markings - Use stakes or cones and brightly colored perimeter tape to clearly identify the decon corridor.

REMEMBER, YOU CONTROL YOUR FACILITY OR AREA!

REVIEW THEIR PROCEDURES WITH THEM BEFORE STARTING THE JOB!

DETERMINE THEIR SAFETY PERFORMANCE RECORD!

DETERMINE WHO IS IN CHARGE OF THEIR PEOPLE!

DETERMINE HOW THEY WILL AFFECT YOUR EMPLOYEES!

TIPS FOR USING CONTRACTORS

OSHA'S PERCEPTIONOF A SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM

1. DETAILED WRITTEN HAZARD ASSESSMENTS

2. DETAILED WRITTEN SAFETY PROCEDURES

3. EXTENSIVE EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROGRAMS

4. PERIODIC REINFORCEMENT OF TRAINING

5. SUFFICIENT DISCIPLINE REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION

6. FOLLOW-UP

WORK AT WORKING SAFELY

Training is the key to success in managing safety in the work environment. Attitude is also a key factor in maintaining a safe workplace. Safety is, and always will be a team effort, safety starts with each individual employee and concludes with everyone leaving at the end of the day to rejoin their families.

Patricia A. Ice Industrial Hygienist

hazardous waste operations and emergency response

Health & Medicine

release of hazardous

hazardous chemicals

emergency response capability

emergency response techniques

previous level

hazwoper program training

hours initial

cfr safety