have you ever wondered…

Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt 1

Have you ever wondered….

How often you could split a grain of sand intosmaller pieces?

What the universeis made of?

If it is possible to travelbackwards in time?


With really powerful microscopes it is possible to see atoms directly


What is the universe made of? Atoms

mountain galaxy

The matter in the universe is made up of nearly 100 types of atom(periodic table). The atoms are made of the elementary particles


The constituents of matter

Click here to view animation


Atoms are tiny - elementary particles inside atoms are even smaller

All of the matter in this roomis made of up & down quarks(inside protons and neutrons),electrons and neutrinos. These particles are stable.

Other much heavier elementary particles exist. They live for fractions of a second and then disintegrate into stable particles.


The Four Forces

Lets quarkschange identity

Elementary particles bind together on all scales from the quarks, through nuclei, atoms, molecules, gases, liquids, solids to planets, stars and galaxies.

They do this through four forces


The Standard Model

The theories and discoveries of thousands of physicists over the past 100 years have created the Standard Model of Particles and Forces.

The Standard Model has been well tested in particle physics experiments. It includes within it all of electricity & magnetism and hence electronic engineering, chemistry, the physics of solids/liquids/gases, nanoscale physics, biophysics, nuclear physics, astrophysics.

+ antiparticles for each quarkand lepton (anti-matter)


All of the elementary particles in the standard model existed for a few instants after the Big Bang. Since then, only the enormous concentrations of energy that can be reached in an accelerator can recreate them.

Studying particle collisions is like looking back in time, recreating the environment that existed at the birth of the Universe.


Particle Physicsis here in 2007

Energy density

Particle Physicsgoal

Complete History of the Universe (abridged)


Atom smashers: Particle Accelerator


In the LHC, protons are accelerated to 7,000,000,000,000 volts


Large Hadron Collider (LHC): 27 km (18 mile circumference, 100 m underground)


2E mcEnergy of the beams new particles

of the primordialsoup

Recipe for making every type of elementary particle


How do we see the collisions?The Eyes of a Insect:

1 billion collisions/second1,000 particles every 25 nanoseconds

We need highly granular detectors that take pictures quickly, and manipulate the resulting data onboard and store it before shipping to a farm of computers


The Eyes of a Piece of Silicon:

The length of each side of the square is about the thickness of a piece of paper. Each eye is called a pixel


A Silicon camera we built at Purdue in

1999

We are building a more advanced version of this detector for the LHC


CMS at LHC

21 m

16m36 Nations159 Institutions1940 scientists


Transverse slice through CMS detectorClick on a particle type to visualise that particle in CMS


Discovery of the Higgs or SUSY or... in 2008?


CERN in 2 MinutesClick on the picture below to start the RealPlayer movie


Summary

The CMS experiment is under construction and will begin taking data in 2008

We are poised to answer some of the great questions of the 21st Century

Our notion of space and time may be radically altered

We may understand how the universe was born and how it will end

None of this would be possible without crucial help from computer scientists, electronic & mechanical engineers, many other types of

physicists, hi-tech industries, and the tax payers of the world

See http://cmsinfo.cern.ch/outreach

have you ever wondered…

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