haiti earthquake january 12, 2010 just-in-time lecture
TRANSCRIPT
Haiti Earthquake
January 12, 2010
Just-in-Time Lecture
Haiti's presidential palace before (top) and after the earthquake Photo: AFP/GETTY
Satellite Photos of Haiti Before and After the Earthquake
What is the Earthquake?
The shaking of earth caused by waves
moving on and below the earth's surface and
causing: surface faulting, tremors vibration,
liquefaction, landslides, aftershocks and/or
tsunamis.
How Earthquake Happens?
It caused by a sudden slip on a FAULT.
Stresses in the earth's outer layer push sides of fault together.
Stress builds up & rocks slips suddenly, releasing energy in waves that travel through the earth's CRUST & cause the shaking that we Feel during an earthquake.
I) Magnitude:
Definition: A measure of actual physical energy
release at its source as estimated from
instrumental observations.
Scale: Richter Scale
By Charles Richter, 1936
Open-ended scale
The oldest & most widely used
Noji 1997
Earthquake Strength Measures
I) Magnitude & II) Intensity
II) Intensity:
Definition: a measure of the felt or perceived effects
of an earthquake rather than the strength of the
earthquake itself.
Scale: Modified Mercalli (MM) scale
12-point scale, ranges from barely
perceptible earthquakes at MM I to
near total destruction at MM XII
Earthquake Strength Measures
I) Magnitude & II) Intensity
Magnitude refers to the force of the earthquake as
a whole, while intensity refers to the effects of an
earthquake at a particular site.
An earthquake can have just one magnitude, while
intensity is usually strongest close to the epicenter
& is weaker the farther a site is from the epicenter.
The intensity of an earthquake is more germane to
its public health consequences than its magnitude.
Magnitude versus Intensity
Please see the following
addresses for above title:
Part I.
http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec13021/index.htm
Part II.
http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec13051/index.htm
Public Health Consequences
of Earthquakes
• Haiti latest and breaking national news and regional news from Haiti
• Haiti Earthquake updates
• Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Haiti daily notes
• Google Crisis response
Just-in-Time Lecture
Earthquake in Haiti
Previous earthquakes on the island
• 1751
• 1770
• 1842
• 1946
Just-in-Time Lecture
Earthquake DetailsMagnitude 7.0
Date-Time •Tuesday, January 12, 2010 at 04:53:10 PM at epicenter
Location 18.457°N, 72.533°W
Depth 13 km (8.1 miles) set by location program
Region HAITI REGION
Distances
25 km (15 miles) WSW of PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti130 km (80 miles) E of Les Cayes, Haiti150 km (95 miles) S of Cap-Haitien, Haiti1125 km (700 miles) SE of Miami, Florida
Location Uncertainty horizontal +/- 3.4 km (2.1 miles); depth fixed by location program
Just-in-Time Lecture
Just-in-Time Lecture
Poverty: Major obstacle to effective disaster mitigation activities
• Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the Americas
• GDP per capita of 790 USD, about $2 per person per day (before the earthquake of 2010)
• Ranks 149th of 182 countries in the United Nations Human Development Index (2006)
Just-in-Time Lecture
Public Health Challenges
• Large proportion of children unvaccinated• Before the earthquake, only about 40% of
the population had access to basic healthcare
• High prevalence of waterborne diseases and intestinal parasites (especially in children)
• High rates of TB, HIV/AIDs, and malaria• Poor public health infrastructure
Just-in-Time Lecture
Public Health Dangers of Haiti Earthquake
• Potential breakdowns in sanitation
• Difficult access to clean water
• Problems with housing and subsequent crowding
• Dangers of tropical diseases outbreak
• Fragility of existing public health system
• Malnutrition
Just-in-Time Lecture
30 years continuous evolution in the
practice of Crisis or Disaster Management
Civil defense
Emergency assistance
Disaster response and relief
Humanitarian assistance
Emergency management
Civil protection
Disaster mitigation and
prevention
Disaster Risk Management
Strategic shift
from managing
a disastrous
event to more
preventive and
proactive
approaches!!
What is Disaster risk reduction
(disaster reduction or DRR)?
• The conceptual framework of elements
considered with the possibilities to minimize
vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a
society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit
(mitigation and preparedness) the adverse
impacts of hazards, within the broad context of
sustainable development !
• A potentially damaging physical event,
phenomenon or human activity that may
cause the loss of life or injury, property
damage, social and economic disruption or
environmental degradation.Natural Geological Earthquake
Hydro meteorological Flood, Hurricane
Biological Pandemic
Hyman Induced Environmental degradation Deforestation
Technological Nuclear release
What is the Hazard?
What is the Vulnerability?
• The conditions determined by physical, social,
economic, and environmental factors or
processes, which increase the susceptibility of a
community to the impact of hazards.
• Vulnerable Haiti:
o Unprepared people
o Non-resistant house & school building
o High-density population
o etc.
What is Risk?
• The probability of harmful consequences, or
expected losses (deaths, injuries, property,
livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or
environment damaged) resulting from
interactions between natural or human-induced
hazards & vulnerable conditions.
• Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability
What is a Disaster ?
• A serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society causing widespread
human, material, economic or environmental
losses which exceed the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own
resources.
What is a Disaster?
• A disaster is a function of the risk process.
• It results from the combination of hazards,
conditions of vulnerability and insufficient
capacity or measures to reduce the potential
negative consequences of risk.
What is a Disaster?
Risk awareness & Knowledge development
including education, training, research and
information are of the important fields of
action for Disaster Risk Reduction!
Just-in-Time Education
Let’s teach the communities right now !
People need information as much as
water, food, medicine or shelter.
Information can save lives, livelihoods &
resources.
Lack of information can make
people victims of disaster.
World Disaster Report 2005 – IFRC/RCS
Information.…
Please read carefully at:
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/faq/prepare.html
What we should do/do not
before,
during & after the earthquake?
List of Supercourse lectures on Earthquakes
• Tectonic explanation of the May 12, 2008, Sichuan Earthquake in Chinese China Earthquake: 12 May 2008. Short version in Chinese in Spanish
• China Earthquake: 12 May 2008. Long version• Pakistani Earthquake. 8 October 2005
(Spanish version) • Earthquakes 2000 to 2005 From Indonesia to Pakistan• A Case Study for the Setting of Water Supply & Sanitatio
n Priorities in the PAK Emergency• Earthquake & Tsunami South Asia, 26 Dec 2004 • Earthquake Mitigation (in Spanish)
List of other useful Lectures on Disasters at Supercourse
• Dead Bodies and Disasters: Principles of Mortuary Services (in Spanish)
• Public Health Disaster Consequences of Disasters (In Spanish) (In Russian) (In Arabic) (In Portuguese) (in Japan)
• Safety matters: How to Safely Evacuate from your Home• Data for Decision making in disasters: advances and con
troversies
A Tectonic explanation of the May 12, 2008, Sichuan Earthquake
Professor Emeritus Tanya M. AtwaterMember, U. S. National Academy of SciencesDept. Earth Science, 1006 Webb HallUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraSanta Barbara, CA [email protected]