Hair Loss SeriesModule 1- Hair Anatomy

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Hair Anatomy Overview

Module 1: Hair Anatomy1. Hair Components: What is hair made of?2. Hair Growth Phases: Anagen, Catagen, Telogen3. Hair Properties4. Basic Hair Care: Shampooing/Conditioning, Styling, Protecting5. Client Fact Finding

Sources:

The World of Hair, an on-line reference by Dr. John Gray,provided by the P&G Hair Care Research Center.

Hair Club for Men and Women

Milady’s Standard Cosmetology, Thomson, Delmar Learning 2004

Hair Fun Facts:– Each head contains approximately 100,000 hair follicles

– Hair follicles are not actively growing at the same time.

– Growing and shedding happens randomly

– Each follicle grows an average new hair at least 20 times in a lifetime

– If you pluck a hair, the next period of hair growth occurs

– As we age, the number of follicles capable of growing hair declines.

– Hair is 91% protein

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Hair Anatomy Components

Hair follicle : Determines the characteristics of the hair (Alive)

– Sac of skin tissue buried deep in the scalp with a bulb at the bottom

– Sebaceous gland is attached to the follicle and gives hair its shine by producing sebum oils

– Capillaries supply nutrients to the follicle– Hair follicle is divided into 2 regions:

Hair Bulb: Located inside of the hair follicle. Houses actively growing cells. As new cells produce, continually push the cells upward and arrange into layers

Outer layers are the lining of the hair follicle

Inner layers are the actual hair Cells in hair bulb also produce the

pigment (melanin) Mid-follicle: Growing cells die and form into

what we know as hair

Hair shaft: Hair that is seen above the scalp (Dead)

– Hair that is seen above scalp- These are the dead cells that turned into keratins

– The hair is lubricated by sebum oils

Hair has 2 separate parts

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Hair Anatomy Components

Vellus Hair: Short, fine, not pigmented hair. Almost never has a medulla

Found in kids, and parts of body that many describe as hair less such as eyelids, forehead, bald scalp

Women retain 55% more vellus hair then men.

Terminal Hair: Long, soft, coarse hair and pigmented (except grey hair)

Found on scalp, legs, arms

QUICK FACT!

NOTE: All follicles are capable of producingvellus or terminal hair depending ongenetics, age, etc….

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Hair Anatomy Components

Medulla: Inner most core of the hair where strength is determined

Cortex: Middle and largest layer. Determines color, texture and elasticity

Cuticle: Protects hair from the environment by forming a tightly packed layer of scales that overlap

3 basic layers of hair shaft: Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle

QUICK FACT!

Your body cannot produce healthy hairwithout proper nutrients. We produce 11of the 20 amino acids that make up hair. The rest is really what you eat!

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Hair Anatomy Hair Growth phases

Phases of hair growth:

– Anagen: Hair is actively manufacturing new keratinized cells

Growth phase (lasts 2 -3 yrs) Represents 90% of the hair on the head Scalp hair grows faster on women then men

– Catagen: The follicle canal shrinks and detaches from the dermal papilla. Hair bulb disappears and root end forms a rounded club

Transitional phase (2-3 weeks) Hair stops growing Represents less than 1% of hair

– Telogen: Resting phase: (3-4 months) No growth Represents about 10% of scalp hair Hair falls out only after the anagen phase

begins again and a new hair shaft begins to emerge. (The average person sheds 50-100 telogen hairs/day)

– Sources: American Medical Association, Laxa Colon, Community Drug, Merck, Hairloss.com

HAIR LIFE CYCLE

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Hair Anatomy Hair Properties

3 Types of hair: – Asian:

Hair is straight Black in color Ancestors from Orient Hair shaft is usually round

– Caucasoid: Wavy or straight hair Blonde to Black in color Northwestern Europe to India Red hair Hair shaft is usually oval

– African: Tight curl Black in color African descent Hair shaft is extremely oval with

distinct edges

Hair Structure:– Why does some hair grow curly? How come

someone can have a different wave pattern as they get older? Factors include:

The way the bundles of keratin are arranged in the hair shaft

Position of the bulb in the hair follicle Shape of hair follicle – it may be curved or

straight Irregular growth in the hair bulb All hair twists as it grows. Usually the more

twists, the curlier the hair. African hair can twist 12 times as much as

Caucausoid and is usually more vulnerable to chemical or physical damage because of its structure.

Coiled hair (extremely curly hair) has a lower elasticity and breaks easily

Hair Color:– Melanin in the cortex produces the pigmentation.

Melanin has 2 forms: Eumelanin - dark pigment found in black and

brunette hair Phaeomelanin- lighter pigment found in red and

blond hair– Colors include shades of yellow, brown, red and black

Grey hair contains fewer melanin granules White hair contains no melanin The darker the hair, the more melanin

  

QUICK FACT!

Hair Color Hairs on HeadBlondes 140,000Brown 110,000Black 108,000Red 80,000

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Hair Anatomy Hair Properties

Hair- What to look for in a client’s hair:– Healthy hair reflects light and looks shiny

– Damaged hair looks dry, weak and dull: As hair grows, the layers are worn down. This is sped up by wetting, sunlight, heat, sun, chemicals and friction.

Hair Damage Facts:Usually hair damage takes place gradually in following stages::

– Hair is weakened

– Cuticle begins to break down

– Cuticle disappears, layer by layer

– Cortex is exposed

– Split ends appear

– Hair breaks.

Is conditioning really that important? YES!– Slows down the natural weathering and wearing down of the cortex

– Dry hair lacks moisture, and moisture must be restored to regain the healthy look

– Lack of moisture means the number of hydrogen bonds may be reduced

– Conditioning re-establishes the hydrogen bonds and improves the moisture content of the hair by improving the weatherproofing of the cuticle

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Hair Anatomy Basic Hair Care

Step 1: Shampoo hair a minimum of 3 times weekly– Helps to remove dirt and buildup on the hair that can deteriorate the condition of the scalp– Shampoo must be worked through all of the hair– Rinse thoroughly to eliminate any residual detergents that can damage the hair shaft and scalp

Step 2: Condition and moisturize, moisturize, moisturize– After shampooing the hair, condition for 3 to 5 minutes– Correct use of conditioners containing light proteins, such as hydrolyzed human hair keratin proteins, can

help strengthen your hair– A good conditioner with these proteins can easily penetrate the hair shaft to replenish nutrients. These

proteins can also repair split ends. Split ends develop after the protective cuticle has been stripped away from the end of hair fibers as a result of harsh chemicals or even vigorous brushing

Step 3: Protect the hair from the elements. – Use a leave-in conditioner that contains sun block (UV protector)– Excessive exposure to the sun can damage the hair by inducing oxidation of the sulfur molecules within the

hair shaft, leaving the hair weak, brittle, dry and faded. People who bleach or lighten their natural hair color may also notice slight color changes in their hair when it is exposed to sun

– Blond hair may turn yellow, fade or become dull due to UV exposure. Even natural brunette hair tends to develop reddish hues from sun exposure due to oxidation of melanin pigments

Step 4: Maintain a healthy diet– Hair requires the same overall nutrition that the body does: plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, grains and

protein including lean meat and fish– Dietitians recommend foods high in biotin, including brown rice, bulgar, brewer’s yeast, soybeans, green

peas, lentils, oats, sunflower, seeds and nutritious nuts– Nutritionists advise healthy hair seekers to eat well-balanced diets that incorporate healthy proteins along

with foods high in vitamins B, C, E, A and K– Hair instantly responds to the addition of protein-rich foods such as meats, eggs, cheese, seeds and nuts.

Fish packs a double punch of protein combined with healthbuilding essential fatty acids and natural oils.

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Hair Anatomy Client Fact Finding

What you should know about your client:

– Hair Type and implications for having different types of hair

– Salon habits of your client How often is he/she visiting a salon? Why types of services? Hair Cut, chemical treatments, other

– Hair Care Habits at home Products How often shampooing and conditioning hair? Is he/she doing something to contribute to hair loss?

Heat, tight braids, chemical damage?

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Hair Anatomy Fun Quiz

QUIZ:

1. What are the 2 types of hair found on the body?

2. What are the 3 phases of hair growth and how long do they last?

3. What are the 3 layers of the hair shaft?

4. What is the difference between the hair follicle and hair shaft?

5. Why is some hair curly and some straight?

BONUS QUESTIONS:

1. What is a furuncle?

2. What is pediculosis capitis? What should you do if you have a client that has this condition?